ORNAMENTAL PLANTS OF HORTICULTURE VALUE
Selection of perennials
About 80 or 105 species depending on classification. 16 species
in the FSU, mainly in the Caucasus, Far East and Siberia. All
species are highly ornamental. Some have been known in cultivation
for many years.
L. buschianum Lodd. (L. pulchellum Fisch.).
Siberia (eastern regions), norttheasten Mongolia and China.
Steppe and meadows, hill slopes.
Bulbiferous plant 30-50 cm. Bulb elongate-ovate, 4 cm diam.
Flowering shoot with lanceolate leaves 5-10 cm x 0.5 cm. Flowers
3-4 (5) cm diam., broadly campanulate, ascending, orange-red with
minute dark spots. V - mid spring to early autumn, in St.
Petersburg May to September. Fl - June-July. Fr - August-September.
Moderately light-loving but endures slight shade. Propagation by
bulbs and seed. Short-lived plant (5-7 years). Introduced into
cultivation by St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in 1740. Z 4.
L. cernuum Kom.
Far East (southern Primorskiy Region), northeastern China and
Korea. On stony and grassy slopes, rarely among shrubs.
Bulbiferous plant 50-70 cm. Bulb ovate-elongate, 3 cm diam.
Flowering shoot leafy. Leaves narrow linear, to 10 cm. Flowers
2-15, 5 cm diam., lilac, slightly spotted, tiariform. White-flowered
forms also exist. V - May to September. Fl - July. Fr -
August-September. Plant in sunny places on well-drained soil. P -
by seed and division. Flowers 1-2 years after sowing. Introduced
into cultivation by St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in 1910. Z 5 (4).
L. distichum Nakai
Far East (southern regions), northeastern China, Korea. Among
shrubs, in forests, often on wet places.
Flowering stem cylindrical, 80-100 cm. Bulb rounded 3cm in diam.
with numerous white scales. Leaves round-lanceolate, in whorl in mid
part of stem and alternate and much less in size in its upper part.
Flowers 2-10 per stem, 4-5 cm in diam., wide opened, orange-yellow
with dark spottes. Pollen red-orange. V - mid spring to mid autumn.
Fl - July, Augist. Fr - September, October. Grows well on lime free
well-watered soil, in semishade places. P - by bulb scales in autumn
and by seed. Rare in horticulture. Z 4.
L. kesselringianum Miscz.
Caucasus (the Greater Caucasus, western part) and northwestern
Turkey. From foot of the mountains up to subalpine zone, on forest
edges, among shrubs, in meadows.
Flowering stem up to 100-150(-200) cm. Bulb ovate, 8-10 (-25) cm
diam., with many scales. Stem leaves lanceolate, 10-20 cm. Flowers
5-15, straw yellow, spotted inside, tubular campanulate (tips recurved),
6-8 cm diam., and 10-15 cm long. Pollen bright yellow or light brown.
V - mid-spring to mid-autumn, in St. Petersburg and the Caucasus May
to September. Fl - June (specimens from Abkhasia flower 20-25 days
later) . Fr - August. Grows well on well-drained soil, in sunny
places. P - by bulb scales and seed. Introduced into horticulture by
St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in 1911. Z 4.
L. lancifolium Thunb. (L. tigrinum Ker-Gawl.)
Far East (southern Primorskiy Region), northeastern China, Japan
and Korea. Meadows, rocky slopes, in river valleys.
Flowering stem up to 100-150 cm, densely pubescent, leafy. Bulb
globose, 3 cm diam. Leaves lanceolate, 10-19 cm x 2-3 cm. Flowers
3-25 in raceme. Each flower 8-13 cm diam., tiariform, brick red
with brown spots. V - mid spring to mid autumn, in St Petersburg
May to October. Fl - late summer, in St. Petersburg August. Fr -
October. P - by seed, but more easily by the small bulbs originating
in the leaf axils. Moderately light-loving, prefers rich soil. In
cultivation in Europe since 1804. Z 4.
L. ledebourii (Baker) Boiss.
Caucasus (Talysh) and northern Iran. Mid mountain zone, forest
edges, grassy slopes at 1,500-2,000 m.
Flower stem up to 60-100 cm. Bulb ovate, 5-7 cm diam., with many
scales. Stem leaves lanceolate, up to 10-12 cm, marginally pubescent.
Flowers 1-5, white, tiariform, 4-6 cm diam. Anthers bright scarlet.
Flowers with fragrant. V - mid-spring to early autumn, in St.
Petersburg May to August. Fl - June-July. Fr - September. P - by
bulb scales and seed. Prefers sunny places with good drainage, does
not tolerate standing water. Extremely attractive. The gem of the
genus. Z 5 (4). New.
L. monadelphum Bieb.
Caucasus (foothills of the Greater Caucasus, eastern part of the
Lesser Caucasus). Edges of forest, grassy and shrubby slopes.
Flower stem up to 50-100 cm. Bulb ovate, 5-8 cm diam., with many
scales. Stem leaves numerous, alternate, lanceolate, 5-10 cm.
Flowers 2-20, bright yellow, nodding, fragrant, tiariform, 6-7 cm
diam. Anthers yellow or light orange. V - mid-spring to mid-autumn,
in St. Petersburg May-September. Fl - June. Fr - August. P - by
scales and seed. Prefers sunny places, partly shade tolerant.
Introduced into horticulture by St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in
1800. Z 4.
L. szovitsianum Fisch. et Ave-Lall. is closely related
to this species. It differs in its bright red pollen grains and dense
perianth segments. Cold resistant. Z 3.
L. pensylvanicum Ker-Gawl. (L. dauricum
Ker-Gawl.) Candlestick.
Siberia, Far East (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands),
northwestern Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan. Forest edges,
meadows, sea coastal sandy slopes.
Flowering stem up to 30-100-(120) cm, ribbed, leafy. Bulb ovate,
3-4 cm diam. Leaves narrow, lanceolate, up to 10-12 cm x 0.5-1.5 cm.
Flowers 1-5 in umbel or raceme, 8-15 cm diam., erect, usually orange
brick red in colour. V- mid-spring to mid-autumn, in St. Petersburg
May-September. Fl - June. Fr - August (not every year). P - by
seed and daughter bulbs. Does well in sunny places, endures light
shade. In cultivation since 1728. Z 3.
L. pumilum Delile (L. tenuifolium Fisch. ex
Schrenk), coral lily.
Siberia (eastern regions), Far East, northern Mongolia, China and
Korea. In steppe and on rocky slopes, on loam and sandy soil.
Flowering stem leafy, up to 20-60 cm. Leaves linear, 5-10 cm x
1-2 cm broad. Flowers 1-20, tiariform, bright red, also white and
orange, up to 5 cm diam., nodding. V - mid spring to mid autumn,
in St. Petersburg May-September. Fl - June for 2-3 weeks. P - by
seed and by scales, flowering 2-3 years after sowing. Tolerates
partial shade. Short-lived plant (5-7 years). Introduced in 1728.
Z 4.
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