Introduction

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SUMMARY

Below is an alphabetical list of families, with estimates of the numbers of genera and species - note, these are only approximate, and in the case of larger families are continuously chaging - that they contain. Families of gymnosperms are underlined.

Acanthaceae (Lamiales) - 229 genera, 3500 species.
Achariaceae (Malpighiales) - 30 genera, 150 species.
Achatocarpaceae (Caryophyllales) - 3 genera, 7 species.
Acoraceae (Acorales) - 1 genus, 2-4 species.
Actinidiaceae (Ericales) - 3 genera, 355 species.
Adoxaceae (Dipsacales) - 5 genera, 200 species.
Aextoxicaceae (Berberidopsidales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Agapanthaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 9 species.
Agavaceae (Asparagales) - 23 genera, 637 species.
Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) - 123 genera, 2020 species.
Akaniaceae (Brassicales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Alismataceae (Alismatales) - 15 genera, 88 species.
Alliaceae (Asparagales) - 13 genera, 795 species.
Alseuosmiaceae (Asterales) - 5 genera, 10 species.
Alstroemeriaceae (Liliales) - 3 genera, 165 species.
Altingiaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 13 species.
Alzateaceae (Myrtales) - 1 genus, ?2 species.
Amaranthaceae (Caryophyllales) - 174 genera, 2050 species.
Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales) - 59 genera, 800+ species.
Amborellaceae (Amborellales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Anacampserotaceae (Caryophyllales) - 3 genera, 32 species.
Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) - 70 genera, 985 species.
Anarthriaceae (Poales) - 3 genera, 11 species.
Ancistrocladaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 12 species.
Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) - 4 genera, 34 species.
Annonaceae (Magnoliales) - 129 genera, 2220 species.
Aphanopetalaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Aphloiaceae (Crossosomatales) - 1 genus, 1 or more species.
Aphyllanthaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Apiaceae (Apiales) - 434 genera, 3780 species.
Apocynaceae (Gentianales) - 415 genera, 4555 species.
Apodanthaceae (unplaced eudicot) - 3 genera, 23 species.
Aponogetonaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 43 species.
Aquifoliaceae (Aquifoliales) - 1 genus, 405 species.
Araceae (Alismatales) - 106 genera, 4025 species.
Araliaceae (Apiales) - 43 genera, 1450 species.
Araucariaceae (Pinales) - 3 genera, 33 species.
Arecaceae (Arecales) - 189 genera, 2361 species.
Argophyllaceae (Asterales) - 2 genera, 17 species.
Aristolochiaceae (Piperales) - 4 genera, 480 species.
Asparagaceae (Asparagales) - 2 genera, 165-295 species.
Asphodelaceae (Asparagales) - ca 15 genera, 785 species.
Asteliaceae (Asparagales) - 2-4 genera, 36 species.
Asteraceae (Asterales) - 1620 genera, 22750 species.
Asteropeiaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 8 species.
Atherospermataceae (Laurales) - 6-7 genera, 16 species.
Austrobaileyaceae (Austrobaileyales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Balanopaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 9 species.
Balanophoraceae (Santalales) - 7 genera, 50 species.
Balsaminaceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 1000 species.
Barbeuiaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Barbeyaceae (Rosales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Basellaceae (Caryophyllales) - 4 genera, 20 species.
Bataceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Begoniaceae (Cucurbitales) - 2 genera, 1401 species.
Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - 14 genera, 701 species.
Berberidopsidaceae (Berberidopsidales) - 2 genera, 3 species.
Betulaceae (Fagales) - 6 genera, 145 species.
Biebersteiniaceae (Sapindales) - 1 genus, 5 species.
Bignoniaceae (Lamiales) - 110 genera, 800 species.
Bixaceae (Malvales) - 4 genera, 21 species.
Blandfordiaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 4 species.
Bonnetiaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 35 species.
Boraginaceae (unplaced asterid I) - 148 genera, 2740 species.
Boryaceae (Asparagales) - 2 genera, 12 species.
Brassicaceae (Brassicales) - 338 genera, 3709 species.
Bromeliaceae (Poales) - 57 genera, 1400 species.
Brunelliaceae (Oxalidales) - 1 genus, 55 species.
Bruniaceae (Bruniales) - 12 genera, 75 species.
Burmanniaceae (Dioscoreales) - 9 genera, 95 species.
Burseraceae (Sapindales) - 18 genera, 550 species.
Butomaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Buxaceae (Buxales) - 4 genera, 70 species.
Byblidaceae (Lamiales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Cabombaceae (Nymphaeales) - 2 genera, 6 species.
Cactaceae (Caryophyllales) - 100 genera, 1500 species.
Calceolariaceae (Lamiales) - 2 genera, 260 species.
Calophyllaceae (Malpighiales) - 13 genera, 460 species.
Calycanthaceae (Laurales) - 5 genera, 11 species.
Calyceraceae (Asterales) - 4 genera, 60 species.
Campanulaceae (Asterales) - 84 genera, 2380 species.
Campynemataceae (Liliales) - 2 genera, 4 species.
Canellaceae (Canellales) - 5 genera, 13 species.
Cannabaceae (Rosales) - 11 genera, 170 species.
Cannaceae (Zingiberales) - 1 genus, 19 species.
Capparaceae (Brassicales) - 16 genera, 480 species.
Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales) - 5 genera, 220 species.
Cardiopteridaceae (Aquifoliales) - 5 genera, 43 species.
Caricaceae (Brassicales) - 4(-6) genera, 34 species.
Carlemanniaceae (Lamiales) - 2 genera, 5 species.
Caryocaraceae (Malpighiales) - 2 genera, 21 species.
Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) - 86 genera, 2200 species.
Casuarinaceae (Fagales) - 4 genera, 95 species.
Celastraceae (Celastrales) - 89 genera, 1300 species.
Centrolepidaceae (Poales) - 3 genera, 35 species.
Centroplacaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Cephalotaceae (Oxalidales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Ceratophyllaceae (Ceratophyllales) - 1 genus, 1-2+ species.
Cercidiphyllaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Chloranthaceae (Chloranthales) - 4 genera, 75 species.
Chrysobalanaceae (Malpighiales) - 17 genera, 460 species.
Circaeasteraceae (Ranunculales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Cistaceae (Malvales) - 8 genera, 175 species.
Cleomaceae (Brassicales) - 10 genera, 300 species.
Clethraceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 76 species.
Clusiaceae (Malpighiales) - 14 genera, 595 species.
Colchicaceae (Liliales) - 19 genera, 225 species.
Columelliaceae (Bruniales) - 2 genera, 5 species.
Combretaceae (Myrtales) - 20 genera, 500 species.
Commelinaceae (Commelinales) - 40 genera, 652 species.
Connaraceae (Oxalidales) - 12 genera, 180 species.
Convolvulaceae (Solanales) - 57 genera, 1600 species.
Coriariaceae (Cucurbitales) - 1 genus, 5 species.
Cornaceae (Cornales) - 2 genera, 85 species.
Corsiaceae (Liliales) - 3 genera, 30 species.
Corynocarpaceae (Cucurbitales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Costaceae (Zingiberales) - 4 genera, 110 species.
Crassulaceae (Saxifragales) - 34 genera, 1370 species.
Crossosomataceae (Crossosomatales) - 4 genera, 12 species.
Crypteroniaceae (Myrtales) - 3 genera, 10 species.
Ctenolophonaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitales) - 118 genera, 845 species.
Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) - 26 genera, 280 species.
Cupressaceae (Pinales) - 29 genera, 140 species.
Curtisiaceae (Cornales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Cycadaceae (Cycadales) - 1 genus, 105 species.
Cyclanthaceae (Pandanales) - 12 genera, 225 species.
Cymodoceaceae (Alismatales) - 5 genera, 16 species.
Cynomoriaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Cyperaceae (Poales) - 98 genera, 4350 species.
Cyrillaceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Cytinaceae (Malvales) - 2 genera, 10 species.
Daphniphyllaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 10 species.
Dasypogonaceae (unplaced commelinid) - 4 genera, 16 species.
Datiscaceae (Cucurbitales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Degeneriaceae (Magnoliales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Diapensiaceae (Ericales) - 6 genera, 18 species.
Dichapetalaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 165 species.
Didiereaceae (Caryophyllales) - 7 genera, 16 species.
Didymelaceae (Buxales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Diervillaceae (Dipsacales) - 1-2 genera, 16 species.
Dilleniaceae (Dilleniales) - 12 genera, 300 species.
Dioncophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) - 3 genera, 3 species.
Dioscoreaceae (Dioscoreales) - 3 genera, 805 species.
Dipentodontaceae (Huerteales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) - 11 genera, 290 species.
Dipterocarpaceae (Malvales) - 17 genera, 680 species.
Dirachmaceae (Rosales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Doryanthaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Droseraceae (Caryophyllales) - 3 genera, 115 species.
Drosophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Ebenaceae (Ericales) - 4 genera, 548 species.
Ecdeiocoleaceae (Poales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Elaeagnaceae (Rosales) - 3 genera, 45 species.
Elaeocarpaceae (Oxalidales) - 12 genera, 625 species.
Elatinaceae (Malpighiales) - 2 genera, 35 species.
Emblingiaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Ephedraceae (Gnetales) - 1 genus, 65 species.
Ericaceae (Ericales) - 126 genera, 3995 species.
Eriocaulaceae (Poales) - 10 genera, 1160 species.
Erythropalaceae (Santalales) - 13 genera, 65 species.
Erythroxylaceae (Malpighiales) - 4 genera, 240 species.
Escalloniaceae (Escalloniales) - 8 genera, 68 species.
Eucommiaceae (Garryales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Euphorbiaceae (Malpighiales) - 222 genera, 5970 species.
Euphroniaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 1-2 species.
Eupomatiaceae (Magnoliales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Eupteleaceae (Ranunculales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Fabaceae (Fabales) - 730 genera, 19400 species.
Fagaceae (Fagales) - 7 genera, 670 species.
Flagellariaceae (Poales) - 1 genus, 4 species.
Fouquieriaceae (Ericales) - 1 genus, 11 species.
Francoaceae (Geraniales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Frankeniaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 90 species.
Garryaceae (Garryales) - 2 genera, 17 species.
Geissolomataceae (Crossosomatales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Gelsemiaceae (Gentianales) - 3 genera, 12 species.
Gentianaceae (Gentianales) - 87 genera, 1650 species.
Geraniaceae (Geraniales) - 7 genera, 805 species.
Gerradinaceae (Huales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Gesneriaceae (Lamiales) - 147 genera, 3870 species.
Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgoales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Gnetaceae (Gnetales) - 1 genus, 30 species.
Gomortegaceae (Laurales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Goodeniaceae (Asterales) - 12 genera, 440 species.
Goupiaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Griseliniaceae (Apiales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Grossulariaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 150 species.
Grubbiaceae (Cornales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Guamatelaceae (Crossosomatales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Gunneraceae (Gunnerales) - 1 genus, 40-50 species.
Gyrostemonaceae (Brassicales) - 5 genera, 18 species.
Haemodoraceae (Commelinales) - 14 genera, 116 species.
Halophytaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Haloragaceae (Saxifragales) - 8 genera, 145 species.
Hamamelidaceae (Saxifragales) - 27 genera, 82 species.
Hanguanaceae (Commelinales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Haptanthaceae (unplaced eudicot) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Hectorellaceae (Caryophyllales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Heliconiaceae (Zingiberales) - 1 genus, 100-200 species.
Helwingiaceae (Aquifoliales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Hemerocallidaceae (Asparagales) - 19 genera, 85 species.
Hernandiaceae (Laurales) - 5 genera, 55 species.
Himantandraceae (Magnoliales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Huaceae (Oxalidales) - 2 genera, 3 species.
Humiriaceae (Malpighiales) - 8 genera, 50 species.
Hyacinthaceae (Asparagales) - 41-70 genera, 770-1000 species.
Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales) - 2 genera, 10 species.
Hydnoraceae (Piperales) - 2 genera, 7 species.
Hydrangeaceae (Cornales) - 17 genera, 190 species.
Hydrocharitaceae (Alismatales) - 18 genera, 116 species.
Hydroleaceae (Solanales) - 1 genus, 12 species.
Hydrostachyaceae (Cornales/Lamiales) - 1 genus, 20 species.
Hypericaceae (Malpighiales) - 9 genera, 560 species.
Hypoxidaceae (Asparagales) - 7-9 genera, 100-220 species.
Icacinaceae (Near Garryales) - 23 genera, 149 species.
Iridaceae (Asparagales) - 66 genera, 2025 species.
Irvingiaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 10 species.
Iteaceae (Saxifragales) - 2 genera, 21 species.
Ixioliriaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Ixonanthaceae (Malpighiales) - 5 genera, 21 species.
Joinvilleaceae (Poales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Juglandaceae (Fagales) - 7-10 genera, 50 species.
Juncaceae (Poales) - 7 genera, 430 species.
Juncaginaceae (Alismatales) - 4 genera, 15 species.
Kirkiaceae (Sapindales) - 2 genera, 6 species.
Koeberliniaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Krameriaceae (Zygophyllales) - 1 genus, 18 species.
Lacistemataceae (Malpighiales) - 2 genera, 14 species.
Lamiaceae (Lamiales) - 236 genera, 7175 species.
Lanariaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Lardizabalaceae (Ranunculales) - 9 genera, 36 species.
Lauraceae (Laurales) - 50 genera, 2500 species.
Laxmanniaceae (Asparagales) - 14-15 genera, 178 species.
Lecythidaceae (Ericales) - 25 genera, 310 species.
Ledocarpaceae (Geraniales) - 3 genera, 12 species.
Lentibulariaceae (Lamiales) - 3 genera, 320 species.
Lepidobotryaceae (Celastrales) - 1 genus, 2-3 species.
Liliaceae (Liliales) - 16 genera, 635 species.
Limeaceae (Caryophyllales) - 2 genera, 23 species.
Limnanthaceae (Brassicales) - 1(2) genera, 8 species.
Linaceae (Malpighiales) - 10-12 genera, 300 species.
Linderniaceae (Lamiales) - 6 genera, 170 species.
Linnaeaceae (Dipsacales) - 4-5 genera, 36 species.
Loasaceae (Cornales) - 14 genera, 265 species.
Loganiaceae (Gentianales) - 13 genera, 420 species.
Lophiocarpaceae (Caryophyllales) - 2 genera, 6 species.
Lophopyxidaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Loranthaceae (Santalales) - 68 genera, 950 species.
Lowiaceae (Zingiberales) - 1 genus, 15 species.
Luzuriagaceae (Liliales) - 2 genera, 5 species.
Lythraceae (Myrtales) - 31 genera, 620 species.
Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) - 2 genera, 227 species.
Malesherbiaceae (Malpighiales) - 1 genus, 24 species.
Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales) - 68 genus, 1250 species.
Malvaceae (Malvales) - 243 genera, 4225 species.
Marantaceae (Zingiberales) - 31 genera, 550 species.
Marcgraviaceae (Ericales) - 7 genera, 130 species.
Martyniaceae (Lamiales) - 5 genera, 16 species.
Maundiaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Mayacaceae (Poales) - 1 genus, 4-10 species.
Melanthiaceae (Liliales) - 16 genera, 170 species.
Melastomataceae (Myrtales) - 188 genera, 5005 species.
Meliaceae (Sapindales) - 52 genera, 621 species.
Melianthaceae (Geraniales) - 3 genera, 11 species.
Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) - 70 genera, 420 species.
Menyanthaceae (Asterales) - 5 genera, 58 species.
Metteniusaceae (unplaced eudicot) - 1 genus, 7 species.
Misodendraceae (Santalales) - 1 genus, 11 species.
Mitrastemonaceae (Ericales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Molluginaceae (Caryophyllales) - 9 genera, 87 species.
Monimiaceae (Laurales) - 22 genera, 200 pecies.
Montiniaceae (Solanales) - 3 genera, 5 species.
Moraceae (Rosales) - 38 genera, 1100 species.
Morinaceae (Dipsacales) - 2 genera, 13 species.
Moringaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 12 species.
Muntingiaceae (Malvales) - 3 genera, 3 species.
Musaceae (Zingiberales) - 2 genera, 35 species.
Myodocarpaceae (Apiales) - 3 genera, 19 species.
Myricaceae (Fagales) - 3 genera, 57 species.
Myristicaceae (Magnoliales) - 20 genera, 475 species.
Myrothamnaceae (Gunnerales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Myrsinaceae (Ericales) - 41 genera, 1435 species.
Myrtaceae (Myrtales) - 131 genera, 4625 species.
Nartheciaceae (Dioscoreales) - 4-5 genera, 31 species.
Nelumbonaceae (Proteales) - 1 genus, 1-2 species.
Nepenthaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 90 species.
Neuradaceae (Malvales) - 3 genera, 10 species.
Nitrariaceae (Sapindales) - 3 genera, 16 species.
Nothofagaceae (Fagales) - 1 genus, 35 species.
Nyctaginaceae (Caryophyllales) - 30 genera, 395 species.
Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeales) - 5 genera, 48 species.
Nyssaceae (Cornales) - 5 genera, 22 species.
Ochnaceae (Malpighiales) - 32 genera, 535 species.
"Olacaceae" (Santalales) - 14 genera, 103 species.
Oleaceae (Lamiales) - 24 genera, 615 species.
Onagraceae (Myrtales) - 24 genera, 650 species.
Oncothecaceae (near Garryales, asterid I) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Opiliaceae (Santalales) - 10 genera, 72 species.
Orchidaceae (Asparagales) - 880 genera, 21950 species.
Orobanchaceae (Lamiales) - 99 genera, 2060 species.
Oxalidaceae (Oxalidales) - 6 genera, 770 species.
Paeoniaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 35 species.
Pandaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 15 species.
Pandanaceae (Pandanales) - 4 genera, 885 species.
Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - 41 genera, 760 species.
Paracryphiaceae (Paracryphiales) - 3 genera, 36 species.
Parnassiaceae (Celastrales) - 2 genera, 51 species.
Passifloraceae (Malpighiales) - 16 genera, 605 species.
Paulowniaceae (Lamiales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Pedaliaceae (Lamiales) - 13 genera, 75 species.
Penaeaceae (Myrtales) - 9 genera, 29 species.
Pennantiaceae (Apiales) - 1 genus, 4 species.
Pentadiplandraceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Pentaphragmataceae (Asterales) - 1 genus, 30 species.
Pentaphylacaceae (Ericales) - 12 genera, 337 species.
Penthoraceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 1-3 species.
Peraceae (Malpighiales) - 4 genera, 135 species.
Peridiscaceae (Saxifragales) - 4 genera, 11 species.
Petermanniaceae (Liliales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Petrosaviaceae (Petrosaviales) - 2 genera, 4 species.
Phellinaceae (Asterales) - 1 genus, 12 species.
Philesiaceae (Liliales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Philydraceae (Commelinales) - 4 genera, 5 species.
Phrymaceae (Lamiales) - 19 genera, 234 species.
Phyllanthaceae (Malpighiales) - 56 genera, 1745 species.
Phyllonomaceae (Aquifoliales) - 1 genus, 4 species.
Physenaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Phytolaccaceae (Caryophyllales) - 18 genera, 65 species.
Picramniaceae (Picramniales) - 2 genera, 46 species.
Picrodendraceae (Malpighiales) - 27 genera, 85 species.
Pinaceae (Pinales) - 11 genera, 210 species.
Piperaceae (Piperales) - 5 genera, 3600 species.
Pittosporaceae (Apiales) - 9 genera, 200 species.
Plantaginaceae (Lamiales) - 47 genera, 1350 species.
Platanaceae (Proteales) - 1 genus, 10 species.
Plocospermataceae (Lamiales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Plumbaginaceae (Caryophyllales) - 27 genera, 836 species.
Poaceae (Poales) - 668 genera, 10025 species.
Podocarpaceae (Pinales) - 18 genera, 130 species.
Podostemaceae (Malpighiales) - 48 genera, 270 species.
Polemoniaceae (Ericales) - 18 genera, 385 species.
Polygalaceae (Fabales) - 18 genera, 1045 species.
Polygonaceae (Caryophyllales) - 43 genera, 1100 species.
Polyosmaceae (unplaced near Apiales) - 1 genus, 60 species.
Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) - 9 genera, 33 species.
Portulacaceae (Caryophyllales) - 36 genera, 395 species.
Posidoniaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 9 species.
Potamogetonaceae (Alismatales) - 2 genera, 102 species.
Pottingeriaceae (unplaced eudicot) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Primulaceae (Ericales) - 9 genera, 900 species.
Proteaceae (Proteales) - 80 genera, 1600 species.
Putranjivaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 210 species.
Quillajaceae (Fabales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Rafflesiaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 20 species.
Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - 62 genera, 2525 species.
Rapateaceae (Poales) - 16 genera, 94 species.
Resedaceae (Brassicales) - 6 genera, 75 species.
Restionaceae (Poales) - 58 genera, 520 species.
Rhabdodendraceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Rhamnaceae (Rosales) - 50 genera, 900 species.
Rhipogonaceae (Liliales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Rhizophoraceae (Malpighiales) - 16 genera, 149 species.
Rhoipteleaceae (Fagales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Roridulaceae (Ericales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Rosaceae (Rosales) - 95 genera, 2830 species.
Rousseaceae (Asterales) - 4 genera, 13 species.
Rubiaceae (Gentianales) - 600+ genera, 10000+ species.
Ruppiaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 1-10 species.
Ruscaceae (Asparagales) - 26 genera, 475 species.
Rutaceae (Sapindales) - 161 genera, 1815 species.
Sabiaceae (basal eudicot) - 3 genera, 100 species.
Salicaceae (Malpighiales) - 55 genera, 1010 species.
Salvadoraceae (Brassicales) - 3 genera, 11 species.
Santalaceae (Santalales) - 44 genera, 935 species.
Sapindaceae (Sapindales) - 135 genera, 1580 species.
Sapotaceae (Ericales) - 53 genera, 975 species.
Sarcobataceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Sarcolaenaceae (Malvales) - 8 genera, 60 species.
Sarraceniaceae (Ericales) - 3 genera, 15 species.
Saururaceae (Piperales) - 4 genera, 6 species.
Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales) - 29 genera, 630 species.
Scheuchzeriaceae (Alismatales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Schisandraceae (Austrobaileyales) - 3 genera, 92 species.
Schlegeliaceae (Lamiales) - 4 genera, 25 species.
Schoepfiaceae (Santalales) - 3 genera, 35 species.
Sciadopityaceae (Pinales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) - 65 genera, 1700 species.
Setchellanthaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Simaroubaceae (Sapindales) - 19 genera, 95 species.
Simmondsiaceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Siparunaceae (Laurales) - 2 genera, 75 species.
Sladeniaceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 3 species.
Smilacaceae (Liliales) - 2 genera, 315 species.
Solanaceae (Solanales) - 102 genera, 2460 species.
Sparganiaceae (Poales) - 1 genus, 14 species.
Sphaerosepalaceae (Malvales) - 2 genera, 18 species.
Sphenocleaceae (Solanales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Stachyuraceae (Crossosomatales) - 1 genus, 5 species.
Staphyleaceae (Crossosomatales) - 2 genera, 45 species.
Stegnospermataceae (Caryophyllales) - 1 genus, 3 species.
Stemonaceae (Pandanales) - 4 genera, 27 species.
Stemonuraceae (Aquifoliales) - 12 genera, 80 species.
Stilbaceae (Lamiales) - 11 genera, 39 species.
Stixaceae (near Resedaceae, Brassicales) - 3 genera, 10 species.
Strasburgeriaceae (Crossosomatales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Strelitziaceae (Zingiberales) - 3 genera, 7 species.
Stylidiaceae (Asterales) - 6 genera, 245 species.
Styracaceae (Ericales) - 11 genera, 160 species.
Surianaceae (Fabales) - 5 genera, 8 species.
Symplocaceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 320 species.
Taccaceae (Dioscoreales) - 1 genus, 12 species.
Tamaricaceae (Caryophyllales) - 5 genera, 90 species.
Tapisciaceae (Huerteales) - 2 genera, 5 species.
Taxaceae (Pinales) - 6 genera, 30 species.
Tecophilaeaceae (Asparagales) - 8 genera, 23 species.
Tetracarpaeaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Tetrachondraceae (Lamiales) - 2 genera, 3 species.
Tetramelaceae (Cucurbitales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Tetrameristaceae (Ericales) - 3 genera, 5 species.
Theaceae (Ericales) - 7 genera, 195(-460!) species.
Themidaceae (Asparagales) - 12 genera, 62 species.
Theophrastaceae (Ericales) - 5 genera, 105 species.
Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) - 4 genera, 31 species.
Thomandersiaceae (Lamiales) - 1 genus, 6 species.
Thurniaceae (Poales) - 2 genera, 4 species.
Thymelaeaceae (Malvales) - 46-50 genera, 891 species.
Ticodendraceae (Fagales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Tofieldiaceae (Alismatales) - 3-5 genera, 27 species.
Torricelliaceae (Apiales) - 3 genera, 10 species.
Tovariaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Trigoniaceae (Malpighiales) - 5 genera, 28 species.
Trimeniaceae (Austrobaileyales) - 1-2 genera, 6 species.
Triuridaceae (Pandanales) - 8 genera, 48 species.
Trochodendraceae (Trochodendrales) - 2 genera, 2 species.
Tropaeolaceae (Brassicales) - 1 genus, 95 species.
Turneraceae (Malpighiales) - 10 genera, 205 species.
Typhaceae (Poales) - 1 genus, 8-13 species.
Ulmaceae (Rosales) - 6 genera, 35 species.
Urticaceae (Rosales) - 54 genera, 2625 species.
Vahliaceae (unplaced asterid I) - 1 genus, 8 species.
Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) - 17 genera, 315 species.
Velloziaceae (Pandanales) - 9 genera, 240 species.
Verbenaceae (Lamiales) - 30 genera, 1100 species.
Violaceae (Malpighiales) - 20 genera, 800 species.
Vitaceae (Vitales) - 14 genera, 850 species.
Vivianiaceae (Geraniales) - 1 or 4 genera, 6 species.
Vochysiaceae (Myrtales) - 8 genera, 210 species.
Welwitschiaceae (Gnetales) - 1 genus, 1 species.
Winteraceae (Canellales) - 4-7 genera, 60-90 species.
Xanthorrhoeaceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 30 species.
Xeronemataceae (Asparagales) - 1 genus, 2 species.
Xyridaceae (Poales) - 5 genera, 260 species.
Zamiaceae (Cycadales) - 9-10 genera, 200 species.
Zingiberaceae (Zingiberales) - 46-52 genera, 1075-1300 species.
Zosteraceae (Alismatales) - 2 genera, 14 species.
Zygophyllaceae (Zygophyllales) - 26 genera, 285 species.

LARGEST FAMILIES
[Back to Top]

Below is a list of families with more than 100 species arranged in descending order of size.

Asteraceae (Asterales) - 1620 genera, 22750 species.
Orchidaceae (Asparagales) - 880 genera, 21950 species.
Fabaceae (Fabales) - 730 genera, 19400 species.
Poaceae (Poales) - 668 genera, 10025 species.
Rubiaceae (Gentianales) - 600+ genera, 10000+ species.
Lamiaceae (Lamiales) - 236 genera, 7175 species.
Euphorbiaceae (Malpighiales) - 218 genera, 5735 species.
Melastomataceae (Myrtales) - 188 genera, 5005 species.
Myrtaceae (Myrtales) - 131 genera, 4625 species.
Apocynaceae (Gentianales) - 415 genera, 4555 species.
Cyperaceae (Poales) - 98 genera, 4350 species.
Malvaceae (Malvales) - 243 genera, 4225 species.
Araceae (Alismatales) - 106 genera, 4025 species.
Ericaceae (Ericales) - 126 genera, 3995 species.
Gesneriaceae (Lamiales) - 147 genera, 3870 species.
Apiaceae (Apiales) - 434 genera, 3780 species.
Brassicaceae (Brassicales) - 338 genera, 3710 species.
Piperaceae (Piperales) - 5 genera, 3600 species.
Acanthaceae (Lamiales) - 229 genera, 3500 species.
Rosaceae (Rosales) - 95 genera, 2830 species.
Boraginaceae (unplaced asterid I) - 148 genera, 2740 species.
Urticaceae (Rosales) - 54 genera, 2625 species.
Ranunculaceae (Ranunculales) - 62 genera, 2525 species.
Lauraceae (Laurales) - 50 genera, 2500 species.
Solanaceae (Solanales) - 102 genera, 2460 species.
Campanulaceae (Asterales) - 84 genera, 2380 species.
Arecaceae (Arecales) - 189 genera, 2361 species.
Annonaceae (Magnoliales) - 129 genera, 2220 species.
Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) - 86 genera, 2200 species.
Orobanchaceae (Lamiales) - 99 genera, 2060 species.
Amaranthaceae (Caryophyllales) - 174 genera, 2050 species.
Iridaceae (Asparagales) - 66 genera, 2025 species.
Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) - 123 genera, 2020 species.
Rutaceae (Sapindales) - 161 genera, 1815 species.
Phyllanthaceae (Malpighiales) - 56 genera, 1745 species.
Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) - 65 genera, 1700 species.
Gentianaceae (Gentianales) - 87 genera, 1650 species.
Convolvulaceae (Solanales) - 57 genera, 1600 species.
Proteaceae (Proteales) - 80 genera, 1600 species.
Sapindaceae (Sapindales) - 135 genera, 1580 species.
Cactaceae (Caryophyllales) - 100 genera, 1500 species.
Araliaceae (Apiales) - 43 genera, 1450 species.
Myrsinaceae (Ericales) - 41 genera, 1435 species.
Bromeliaceae (Poales) - 57 genera, 1400 species.
Begoniaceae (Cucurbitales) - 2 genera, 1400 species.
Crassulaceae (Saxifragales) - 34 genera, 1370 species.
Plantaginaceae (Lamiales) - 47 genera, 1350 species.
Celastraceae (Celastrales) - 89 genera, 1300 species.
Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales) - 68 genus, 1250 species.
Zingiberaceae (Zingiberales) - 46-52 genera, 1075-1300 species.
Eriocaulaceae (Poales) - 10 genera, 1160 species.
Verbenaceae (Lamiales) - 30 genera, 1100 species.
Moraceae (Rosales) - 38 genera, 1100 species.
Polygonaceae (Caryophyllales) - 43 genera, 1100 species.
Clusiaceae (Malpighiales) - 27 genera, 1050 species.
Polygalaceae (Fabales) - 18 genera, 1045 species.
Salicaceae (Malpighiales) - 55 genera, 1010 species.
Balsaminaceae (Ericales) - 2 genera, 1000 species.
Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) - 70 genera, 985 species.
Sapotaceae (Ericales) - 53 genera, 975 species.
Loranthaceae (Santalales) - 68 genera, 950 species.
Santalaceae (Santalales) - 44 genera, 935 species.
Primulaceae (Ericales) - 9 genera, 900 species.
Rhamnaceae (Rosales) - 50 genera, 900 species.
Pandanaceae (Pandanales) - 4 genera, 895 species.
Thymelaeaceae (Malvales) - 46-50 genera, 890 species.
Vitaceae (Vitales) - 14 genera, 850 species.
Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitales) - 118 genera, 845 species.
Plumbaginaceae (Caryophyllales) - 27 genera, 836 species.
Geraniaceae (Geraniales) - 7 genera, 805 species.
Dioscoreaceae (Dioscoreales) - 3 genera, 805 species.
Amaryllidaceae (Asparagales) - 59 genera, 800+ species.
Bignoniaceae (Lamiales) - 110 genera, 800 species.
Violaceae (Malpighiales) - 20 genera, 800 species.
Alliaceae (Asparagales) - 13 genera, 795 species.
Hyacinthaceae (Asparagales) - 41-70 genera, 770-1000 species.
Asphodelaceae (Asparagales) - ca 15 genera, 785 species.
Oxalidaceae (Oxalidales) - 6 genera, 770 species.
Papaveraceae (Ranunculales) - 44 genera, 760 species.
Berberidaceae (Ranunculales) - 14 genera, 701 species.
Dipterocarpaceae (Malvales) - 17 genera, 680 species.
Fagaceae (Fagales) - 7 genera, 670 species.
Commelinaceae (Commelinales) - 40 genera, 652 species.
Onagraceae (Myrtales) - 24 genera, 650 species.
Agavaceae (Asparagales) - 23 genera, 637 species.
Liliaceae (Liliales) - 16 genera, 635 species.
Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales) - 29 genera, 630 species.
Elaeocarpaceae (Oxalidales) - 12 genera, 625 species.
Meliaceae (Sapindales) - 52 genera, 621 species.
Lythraceae (Myrtales) - 31 genera, 620 species.
Oleaceae (Lamiales) - 24 genera, 615 species.
Passifloraceae (Malpighiales) - 16 genera, 605 species.
Hypericaceae (Malpighiales) - 9 genera, 560 species.
Burseraceae (Sapindales) - 18 genera, 550 species.
Marantaceae (Zingiberales) - 31 genera, 550 species.
Ebenaceae (Ericales) - 4 genera, 548 species.
Restionaceae (Poales) - 58 genera, 520 species.
Combretaceae (Myrtales) - 20 genera, 500 species.
Ochnaceae (Malpighiales) - 27 genera, 495 species.
Aristolochiaceae (Piperales) - 4 genera, 480 species.
Capparaceae (Brassicales) - 16 genera, 480 species.
Myristicaceae (Magnoliales) - 20 genera, 475 species.
Ruscaceae (Asparagales) - 26 genera, 475 species.
Chrysobalanaceae (Malpighiales) - 17 genera, 460 species.
Goodeniaceae (Asterales) - 12 genera, 440 species.
Juncaceae (Poales) - 7 genera, 430 species.
Loganiaceae (Gentianales) - 13 genera, 420 species.
Menispermaceae (Ranunculales) - 70 genera, 420 species.
Aquifoliaceae (Aquifoliales) - 1 genus, 405 species.
Nyctaginaceae (Caryophyllales) - 30 genera, 395 species.
Portulacaceae (Caryophyllales) - 36 genera, 395 species.
Polemoniaceae (Ericales) - 18 genera, 385 species.
Actinidiaceae (Ericales) - 3 genera, 355 species.
Pentaphylacaceae (Ericales) - 12 genera, 337 species.
Lentibulariaceae (Lamiales) - 3 genera, 320 species.
Symplocaceae (Ericales) - 1 genus, 320 species.
Smilacaceae (Liliales) - 2 genera, 315 species.
Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) - 17 genera, 315 species.
Lecythidaceae (Ericales) - 25 genera, 310 species.
Cleomaceae (Brassicales) - 10 genera, 300 species.
Dilleniaceae (Dilleniales) - 12 genera, 300 species.
Linaceae (Malpighiales) - 10-12 genera, 300 species.
Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) - 11 genera, 290 species.
Zygophyllaceae (Zygophyllales) - 26 genera, 285 species.
Asparagaceae (Asparagales) - 2 genera, 165-295 species.
Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) - 26 genera, 280 species.
Podostemaceae (Malpighiales) - 48 genera, 270 species.
Loasaceae (Cornales) - 14 genera, 265 species.
Xyridaceae (Poales) - 5 genera, 260 species.
Calceolariaceae (Lamiales) - 2 genera, 260 species.
Stylidiaceae (Asterales) - 6 genera, 245 species.
Erythroxylaceae (Malpighiales) - 4 genera, 240 species.
Velloziaceae (Pandanales) - 9 genera, 240 species.
Phrymaceae (Lamiales) - 19 genera, 234 species.
Magnoliaceae (Magnoliales) - 2 genera, 227 species.
Colchicaceae (Liliales) - 19 genera, 225 species.
Cyclanthaceae (Pandanales) - 12 genera, 225 species.
Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales) - 5 genera, 220 species.
Pinaceae (Pinales) - 11 genera, 210 species.
Putranjivaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 210 species.
Vochysiaceae (Myrtales) - 8 genera, 210 species.
Theaceae (Ericales) - 7 genera, 195(-460!) species.
Turneraceae (Malpighiales) - 10 genera, 205 species
Pittosporaceae (Apiales) - 9 genera, 200 species.
Adoxaceae (Dipsacales) - 5 genera, 200 species.
Monimiaceae (Laurales) - 22 genera, 200 species.
Zamiaceae (Cycadales) - 9-10 genera, 200 species.
Hydrangeaceae (Cornales) - 17 genera, 190 species.
Connaraceae (Oxalidales) - 12 genera, 180 species.
Laxmanniaceae (Asparagales) - 14-15 genera, 178 species.
Heliconiaceae (Zingiberales) - 1 genus, 100-200 species.
Cistaceae (Malvales) - 8 genera, 175 species.
Cannabaceae (Rosales) - 11 genera, 170 species.
Linderniaceae (Lamiales) - 6 genera, 170 species.
Melanthiaceae (Liliales) - 16 genera, 170 species.
Alstroemeriaceae (Liliales) - 3 genera, 165 species.
Dichapetalaceae (Malpighiales) - 3 genera, 165 species.
Styracaceae (Ericales) - 11 genera, 160 species.
Achariaceae (Malpighiales) - 30 genera, 150 species.
Grossulariaceae (Saxifragales) - 1 genus, 150 species.
Maesaceae (Ericales) - 1 genus, 150 species.
Hypoxidaceae (Asparagales) - 7-9 genera, 100-220 species.
Icacinaceae (Near Garryales) - 23 genera, 149 species.
Rhizophoraceae (Malpighiales) - 16 genera, 149 species.
Betulaceae (Fagales) - 6 genera, 145 species.
Haloragaceae (Saxifragales) - 8 genera, 145 species.
Cupressaceae (Pinales) - 29 genera, 140 species.
Peraceae (Malpighiales) - 4 genera, 135 species.
Marcgraviaceae (Ericales) - 7 genera, 130 species.
Podocarpaceae (Pinales) - 17 genera, 125 species.
Haemodoraceae (Commelinales) - 14 genera, 116 species.
Hydrocharitaceae (Alismatales) - 18 genera, 116 species.
Droseraceae (Caryophyllales) - 3 genera, 115 species.
Costaceae (Zingiberales) - 4 genera, 110 species.
Cycadaceae (Cycadales) - 1 genus, 105 species.
Theophrastaceae (Ericales) - 5 genera, 105 species.
Potamogetonaceae (Alismatales) - 2 genera, 102 species.
Sabiaceae (basal eudicot) - 3 genera, 100 species.

SUMMARY OF THE SYSTEM
[Back to Top]

Below is a formalised summary of the relationships within orders of the families of seed plants. There are a few families recognised in here that are not recognised, even as options, in APG II, and vice versa, as well as a few extra orders. The families to be recognised in the next edition of Mabberley's The Plant Book will also be largely consistent with those recognised here. But all differences are trivial and will - I hope - eventually disappear.

Square brackets - [....] - enclose clades, the plus sign - + - sister taxa, a comma - , - denotes part of a polychotomy, and quotation marks - "...." - denotes a paraphyletic group.

SEED PLANTS

GYMNOSPERMS

Cycadales

Cycadaceae + Zamiaceae

Ginkgoales

Ginkgoaceae

Pinales

Pinaceae [[Araucariaceae [Podocarpaceae + Phyllocladaceae]] [Sciadopityaceae [Taxaceae + Cupressaceae]]]

Gnetales

Ephedraceae [Gnetaceae + Welwitschiaceae]

ANGIOSPERMS/FLOWERING PLANTS

Amborellales

Amborellaceae

Nymphaeales [Austrobaileyales [Ceratophyllales, Chloranthales, Magnoliids [monocots + eudicots]]
Nymphaeales

Hydatellaceae [Cabombaceae + Nymphaeaceae]

Austrobaileyales [Ceratophyllales, Chloranthales, Magnoliids [monocots + eudicots]]
Austrobaileyales

Austrobaileyaceae [Schisandraceae + Trimeniaceae]

[Ceratophyllales, Chloranthales, Magnoliids [monocots + eudicots]]
Ceratophyllales

Ceratophyllaceae

Chloranthales

Chloranthaceae

MAGNOLIIDS [[Cannelales + Piperales] [Magnoliales + Laurales]]
Magnoliales + Laurales
Magnoliales

Myristicaceae [Magnoliaceae [[Himantandraceae + Degeneriaceae] [Eupomatiaceae + Annonaceae]]]

Laurales

Calycanthaceae [[Siparunaceae [Gomortegaceae + Atherospermataceae]] [Monimiaceae [Hernandiaceae + Lauraceae]]]

Cannellales + Piperales

Canellales

Canellaceae + Winteraceae

Piperales

[Hydnoraceae + Aristolochiaceae] [Piperaceae + Saururaceae]

MONOCOTS
Acorales

Acoraceae

Alismatales [Petrosaviales [[Dioscoreales + Pandanales] [Liliales [Asparagales + commelinids]]]]
Alismatales

Araceae [Tofieldiaceae [[[Hydrocharitaceae + Butomaceae] [Alismataceae + Limnocharitaceae]], [Scheuchzeriaceae [Aponogetonaceae [Juncaginaceae [[Posidoniaceae [Ruppiaceae + Cymodoceaceae]] [Zosteraceae + Potamogetonaceae]]]]]]]

Petrosaviales [[Dioscoreales + Pandanales] [Liliales [Asparagales + commelinids]]]
Petrosaviales

Petrosaviaceae

[Dioscoreales + Pandanales] [Liliales [Asparagales + commelinids]]
Dioscoreales + Pandanales
Dioscoreales

Nartheciaceae [[Taccaceae + Thismiaceae] [Burmanniaceae + Dioscoreaceae]]

Pandanales

Velloziaceae, Triuridaceae, Stemonaceae [Pandanaceae + Cyclanthaceae]

Liliales [Asparagales + commelinids]
Liliales

Corsiaceae [Campynemataceae [Petermanniaceae [Colchicaceae [Alstroemeriaceae + Luzuriagaceae]]] Melanthiaceae [[Philesiaceae + Rhipogonaceae] [Smilacaceae + Liliaceae]]]

Asparagales + commelinids
Asparagales

Orchidaceae [[Boryaceae [Blandfordiaceae [Lanariaceae [Asteliaceae + Hypoxidaceae]]]] [[Ixioliriaceae + Tecophilaeaceae] [Doryanthaceae [Iridaceae [Xeronemataceae [[Hemerocallidaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodelaceae] [[Agapanthaceae [Alliaceae + Amaryllidaceae]] [[Aphyllanthaceae [Themidaceae + Hyacinthaceae]] Agavaceae] [Laxmanniaceae [Asparagaceae + Ruscaceae]]]]]]]]]

COMMELINIDS
Unplaced

Dasypogonaceae

Arecales

Arecaceae

Poales [Commelinales + Zingiberales]
Poales

[Typhaceae + Sparganiaceae] Bromeliaceae [Rapateaceae [[Thurniaceae [Juncaceae + Cyperaceae]] [[Mayacaceae [Eriocaulaceae + Xyridaceae]] [Flagellariaceae [Anarthriaceae [Centrolepidaceae + Restionaceae]]] [Joinvilleaceae [Ecdeiocoleaceae + Poaceae]]]]]]]

Commelinales + Zingiberales
Commelinales

[Commelinaceae + Hanguanaceae] [Philydraceae [Haemodoraceae + Pontederiaceae]]

Zingiberales

Musaceae [Strelitziaceae + Lowiaceae] Heliconiaceae [[Cannaceae + Marantaceae] [Costaceae + Zingiberaceae]]

End of monocots!!

EUDICOTS [Ranunculales [Sabiales [Proteales [Trochodendrales [Buxales [Gunnerales + core eudicots]]]]]
Ranunculales

Eupteleaceae [Papaveraceae [[[Lardizabalaceae + Circaeasteraceae] [Menispermaceae [Berberidaceae + Ranunculaceae]]]]

[Sabiales [Proteales [Trochodendrales [Buxales [Gunnerales + core eudicots]]]]

Sabiales

Proteales [Trochodendrales [Buxales [Gunnerales + core eudicots]]]
Proteales

Nelumbonaceae [Platanaceae + Proteaceae]

[Trochodendrales [Buxales [Gunnerales + core eudicots]]
Trochodendrales

Trochodendraceae

Buxales [Gunnerales + core eudicots]
Buxales

?Haptanthaceae [Buxaceae + Didymelaceae]

Gunnerales + core eudicots
Gunnerales

Gunneraceae + Myrothamnaceae

CORE EUDICOTS Berberidopsidales [Dilleniales + Caryophyllales], Santalales, [Saxifragales, Vitales, Rosids], asterids
Berberidopsidales

Aextoxicaceae + Berberidopsidaceae

Dilleniales + Caryophyllales
Dilleniales

Dilleniaceae

Caryophyllales

[[Droseraceae [Nepenthaceae [Drosophyllaceae [Ancistrocladaceae + Dioncophylleaceae]]]]] [[Frankeniaceae + Tamaricaceae] [Polygonaceae + Plumbaginaceae]]] [Rhabdodendraceae [Simmondsiaceae [[Asteropeiaceae + Physenaceae] [[Caryophyllaceae [Achatocarpaceae + Amaranthaceae]] [Stegnospermataceae [Limeaceae [[Lophocarpaceae [Barbeuiaceae [Aizoaceae [Sarcobataceae, Phytolaccaceae, Nyctaginaceae]]]] [Molluginaceae [Halophytaceae, Montiaceae, Basellaceae, Didieraceae [Talinaceae [Portulacaceae [Anacampseros etc. + Cactaceae]]]]]]]]]]]]]

Santalales

Erythropalaceae ["Olacaceae" [[Misodendraceae, Schoepfiaceae, Loranthaceae] [Opiliaceae + Santalaceae]]], Balanophoraceae unplaced

Saxifragales, Vitales, Rosids
Saxifragales

Cercidiphyllaceae, Daphniphyllaceae, Peridiscaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Paeoniaceae, Cynomoriaceae [[Crassulaceae [Aphanopetalaceae [Tetracarpaeaceae [Penthoraceae + Haloragaceae]]]] [[Iteaceae + Pterostemonaceae] [Grossulariaceae + Saxifragaceae]]]

Vitales + Rosids
Vitales

Vitaceae

ROSIDS
Unplaced

Picramniaceae

Crossosomatales

[Staphyleaceae [Guamatelaceae [Crossosomataceae + Stachyuraceae]]] [Aphloiaceae [Geissolomataceae [Ixerbaceae + Strasburgeriaceae]]]

Geraniales

Geraniaceae [[Melianthaceae + Francoaceae] [Vivianaceae + Ledocarpaceae]]

Myrtales

Combretaceae [[Onagraceae + Lythraceae] [[Vochysiaceae + Myrtaceae] [Melastomataceae [Crypteroniaceae [Alzateaceae [Rhynchocalycaceae [Oliniaceae + Penaeaceae]]]]]]]

EUROSIDS I

Zygophyllales

Krameriaceae + Zygophyllaceae

Celastrales

Lepidobotryaceae [Parnassiaceae + Celastraceae]

Malpighiales

[Lacistemataceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae, Achariaceae [Turneraceae + Malesherbiaceae + Passifloraceae] Goupiaceae], [Lophopyxidaceae, Putranjivaceae], [Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae], Linaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Humiriaceae, Ctenolophonaceae, Irvingiaceae, [Bhesa + Centroplacaceae], Pandaceae, [Bonnetiaceae, Clusiaceae [Hypericaceae + Podostemaceae]], [Malpighiaceae + Elatinaceae], [Ochnaceae + Medusagynaceae + Quiinaceae], [Peraceae [Rafflesiaceae + Euphorbiaceae]], [Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae], [Balanopaceae [[Trigoniaceae + Dichapetalaceae] [Chrysobalanaceae + Euphroniaceae]]], Caryocaraceae

Oxalidales

Huaceae [Connaraceae + Oxalidaceae] [Cunoniaceae [Brunelliaceae + Cephalotaceae] Elaeocarpaceae]

N-fixing clade

Cucurbitales

Anisophylleaceae [[Corynocarpaceae + Coriariaceae] [Cucurbitaceae [Tetramelaceae [Datiscaceae + Begoniaceae]]]]

Fagales

Nothofagaceae [Fagaceae [[Myricaceae [Juglandaceae + Rhoipteleaceae]] [Casuarinaceae [Ticodendraceae + Betulaceae]]]]

Fabales

Polygalaceae [Surianaceae [Quillajaceae + Fabaceae]]

Rosales

Rosaceae [[Barbeyaceae [Elaeagnaceae, Dirachmaceae, Rhamnaceae]] [Ulmaceae [Cannabaceae [Moraceae + Urticaceae]]]]

EUROSIDS II

Sapindales

Biebersteiniaceae, Nitrariaceae, [Kirkiaceae [Anacardiaceae + Burseraceae]] [Sapindaceae [Simaroubaceae + Rutaceae + Meliaceae]]

Huerteales [Brassicales + Malvales]
Huerteales

Dipentodontaceae, Perrottetia, Gerradinaceae, Tapisciaceae

Brassicales + Malvales
Malvales

Neuradaceae, [Thymelaeaceae [Sphaerosepalaceae, Bixaceae [Cistaceae [Sarcolaenaceae + Dipterocarpaceae]] Muntingiaceae, Malvaceae]], Cytinaceae

Brassicales

[Akaniaceae + Tropaeolaceae] [[Moringaceae + Caricaceae] [Setchellanthaceae [Limnanthaceae [[Koeberliniaceae [Bataceae + Salvadoraceae]] [Emblingiaceae [Pentadiplandraceae [Gyrostemonaceae, Resedaceae, Stixis and relatives] Tovariaceae [Capparaceae [Cleomaceae + Brassicaceae]]]]]]]]

ASTERIDS
Cornales

[Cornaceae + Nyssaceae] [Hydrangeaceae + Loasaceae] Hydrostachyaceae [Curtisiaceae + Grubbiaceae]

Ericales [asterids I + II]
Ericales

[Balsaminaceae [Marcgraviaceae + Tetrameristaceae]] [[Polemoniaceae + Fouquieraceae], Lecythidaceae, [[Sladeniaceae + Pentaphylacaceae], [Sapotaceae [Ebenaceae [Maesaceae [Theophrastaceae [Myrsinaceae + Primulaceae]]]]], [Mitrastemonaceae, Theaceae [Symplocaceae [Styracaceae + Diapensiaceae]] [[Sarraceniaceae [Roridulaceae + Actinidiaceae] [Clethraceae [Cyrillaceae + Ericaceae]]]]]]

EUASTERIDS I + II

EUASTERIDS I
Unplaced

Metteniusaceae, Oncothecaceae, Icacinaceae, and some ex-Icacinaceae

Garryales

Garryaceae + Eucommiaceae

[Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales]
Unplaced

Boraginaceae, Vahliaceae, ?Hoplestigmataceae

Gentianales

Rubiaceae [Gentianaceae [Loganiaceae [Gelsemiaceae + Apocynaceae]]]

Lamiales

Plocospermataceae [Oleaceae [Tetrachondraceae [Calceolariaceae [Gesneriaceae, Peltanthera, [Pedaliaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Martyniaceae, Stilbaceae, Plantaginaceae, Linderniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Paulowniaceae, Schlegeliaceae, Thomandersiaceae, Phrymaceae, Rehmannia, Acanthaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae]]]]]

Solanales

[Montiniaceae [Sphenocleaceae + Hydroleaceae]] [Convolvulaceae + Solanaceae]

EUASTERIDS II
Aquifoliales

[[Cardiopteridaceae + Stemonuraceae] [Aquifoliaceae [Helwingiaceae + Phyllonomaceae]]

[Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales]
Unplaced

[Polyosmaceae + Escalloniaceae], [Quintiniaceae, Spenostemonaceae, Paracryphiaceae]

Apiales

Pennantiaceae [Torricelliaceae [Griseliniaceae [Araliaceae [[Pittosporaceae + Myodocarpaceae] Apiaceae]]]]

Unplaced

Bruniaceae

Asterales

Rousseaceae, Campanulaceae, Pentaphragmataceae, [[Alseuosmiaceae [Phellinaceae + Argophyllaceae]] Stylidiaceae [Menyanthaceae [Goodeniaceae [Calyceraceae + Asteraceae]]]]

Unplaced

[Columelliaceae + Desfontaineaceae]

Dipsacales

Adoxaceae [Diervillaceae [Caprifoliaceae [Linnaeaceae [Morinaceae [Dipsacaceae + Valerianaceae]]]]]

MORE COSMICALLY UNPLACED

Apodanthaceae, Brachynema, Medusandraceae.

HERBARIUM SEQUENCE
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This sequence is constructed so that as many terminals (families) as possible that are adjacent in the phylogeny of angiosperm families are adjacent in the sequence, given the constraints of the topology of this tree. This has been done by making the tree as pectinate as possible (see Introduction), i.e. as many taxa as possible are either adjacent branches along pectinations or are sister taxa. The sequence is then read left to right from the tree. It will be useful in for arranging herbaria, books, etc. Of course, any symmetrical parts of the tree can be rotated and the sequence amended accodingly.

Amborellaceae Hydatellaceae Cabombaceae Nymphaeaceae Austrobaileyaceae Schisandraceae Trimeniaceae Ceratophyllaceae Chloranthaceae Myristicaceae Magnoliaceae Himantandraceae Degeneriaceae Eupomatiaceae Annonaceae Calycanthaceae Siparunaceae Gomortegaceae Atherospermataceae Monimiaceae Hernandiaceae Lauraceae Canellaceae Winteraceae Hydnoraceae Lactoridaceae Aristolochiaceae Piperaceae Saururaceae Acoraceae Araceae Tofieldiaceae Hydrocharitaceae Butomaceae Alismataceae Limnocharitaceae Scheuchzeriaceae [Aponogetonaceae [Juncaginaceae Posidoniaceae [Ruppiaceae + Cymodoceaceae]] [Zosteraceae + Potamogetonaceae]]]]]]

Petrosaviaceae Dioscoreales
Nartheciaceae Taccaceae Thismiaceae Burmanniaceae Dioscoreaceae

Pandanales
Velloziaceae Triuridaceae Stemonaceae Pandanaceae Cyclanthaceae Corsiaceae Campynemataceae Petermanniaceae Alstroemeriaceae Luzuriagaceae Colchicaceae Melanthiaceae Philesiaceae Rhipogonaceae Smilacaceae Liliaceae

Orchidaceae Boryaceae Blandfordiaceae Lanariaceae Asteliaceae Hypoxidaceae Ixioliriaceae Tecophilaeaceae Doryanthaceae Iridaceae Xeronemataceae Hemerocallidaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Asphodelaceae Alliaceae Agapanthaceae Amaryllidaceae Hesperocallidaceae Aphyllanthaceae Themidaceae Hyacinthaceae Agavaceae Laxmanniaceae Asparagaceae + Ruscaceae]]]]]]]]]

Arecaceae Dasypogonaceae Typhaceae Sparganiaceae Bromeliaceae Rapateaceae Thurniaceae Juncaceae Cyperaceae Mayacaceae Eriocaulaceae Xyridaceae Anarthriaceae Centrolepidaceae Restionaceae Flagellariaceae Joinvilleaceae Ecdeiocoleaceae Poaceae Commelinaceae Hanguanaceae Philydraceae Haemodoraceae Pontederiaceae Musaceae [Strelitziaceae + Lowiaceae] Heliconiaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae Costaceae Zingiberaceae

End of monocots!!

Eupteleaceae Papaveraceae Lardizabalaceae Circaeasteraceae Menispermaceae Berberidaceae Ranunculaceae Sabiaceae Nelumbonaceae Platanaceae Proteaceae Trochodendraceae Buxaceae Didymelaceae Gunneraceae Myrothamnaceae Aextoxicaceae Berberidopsidaceae

Dilleniales + Caryophyllales
Dilleniales

Dilleniaceae

Caryophyllales
Rhabdodendraceae Droseraceae Nepenthaceae Drosophyllaceae Ancistrocladaceae Dioncophylleaceae Frankeniaceae Tamaricaceae Polygonaceae Plumbaginaceae Simmondsiaceae Asteropeiaceae Physenaceae Caryophyllaceae Achatocarpaceae Amaranthaceae Stegnospermataceae Limeaceae Lophocarpaceae [Barbeuiaceae [Aizoaceae [Sarcobataceae, Phytolaccaceae, Nyctaginaceae]]]] [Molluginaceae [Halophytaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, Basellaceae, Didieraceae, Hectorellaceae]]]]]]]]]

Santalales
Erythropalaceae Olacaceae Misodendraceae Schoepfiaceae Loranthaceae Opiliaceae Santalaceae Balanophoraceae

Saxifragales, Vitales, Rosids
Saxifragales
Peridiscaceae Cercidiphyllaceae Daphniphyllaceae Hamamelidaceae Altingiaceae Paeoniaceae Cynomoriaceae Crassulaceae Aphanopetalaceae Tetracarpaeaceae Penthoraceae Haloragaceae Iteaceae Pterostemonaceae Grossulariaceae Saxifragaceae

Vitales + Rosids
Vitales

Vitaceae

ROSIDS
Unplaced

Picramniaceae

Crossosomatales
Staphyleaceae Guametalaceae Crossosomataceae Stachyuraceae Aphloiaceae Geissolomataceae Ixerbaceae Strasburgeriaceae

Geraniales
Geraniaceae Melianthaceae Francoaceae Vivianaceae Ledocarpaceae

Myrtales
Combretaceae Onagraceae Lythraceae Vochysiaceae Myrtaceae Melastomataceae Crypteroniaceae Alzateaceae Rhynchocalycaceae Oliniaceae Penaeaceae

Zygophyllales

Krameriaceae + Zygophyllaceae

Lepidobotryaceae Parnassiaceae Celastraceae

Malpighiales

[Lacistemataceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae, Achariaceae [Turneraceae + Malesherbiaceae + Passifloraceae] Goupiaceae], Rafflesiaceae, [Lophopyxidaceae, Putranjivaceae], [Erythroxylaceae + Rhizophoraceae], Linaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Humiriaceae, Ctenolophonaceae, Irvingiaceae, [Bhesa + Centroplacaceae] Pandaceae, [Bonnetiaceae, Clusiaceae [Hypericaceae + Podostemaceae]], [Malpighiaceae + Elatinaceae], [Ochnaceae + Medusagynaceae + Quiinaceae], Euphorbiaceae, [Phyllanthaceae + Picrodendraceae], [Balanopaceae [[Trigoniaceae + Dichapetalaceae] [Chrysobalanaceae + Euphroniaceae]]], Caryocaraceae

Huaceae Connaraceae Oxalidaceae Cunoniaceae Brunelliaceae Cephalotaceae Elaeocarpaceae Polygalaceae Surianaceae Quillajaceae Fabaceae Rosaceae [Barbeyaceae [Elaeagnaceae, Dirachmaceae, Rhamnaceae Ulmaceae Cannabaceae Moraceae Urticaceae Anisophylleaceae Corynocarpaceae Coriariaceae Cucurbitaceae Tetramelaceae Datiscaceae Begoniaceae Nothofagaceae Fagaceae Myricaceae Juglandaceae Rhoipteleaceae Casuarinaceae Ticodendraceae Betulaceae

EUROSIDS II

Perrottetia Tapisciaceae Akaniaceae Tropaeolaceae Moringaceae Caricaceae Setchellanthaceae [Limnanthaceae [[Koeberliniaceae [Bataceae + Salvadoraceae]] [Emblingiaceae [Pentadiplandraceae Gyrostemonaceae Resedaceae Stixis and relatives] Tovariaceae Capparaceae Cleomaceae Brassicaceae Neuradaceae, [Thymelaeaceae [Sphaerosepalaceae, Bixaceae [Cistaceae [Sarcolaenaceae + Dipterocarpaceae]] Muntingiaceae, Malvaceae]], Cytinaceae Biebersteiniaceae, Kirkiaceae Simaroubaceae Rutaceae Meliaceae Simaroubaceae Anacardiaceae Burseraceae], Sapindaceae, Nitrariaceae

Cornaceae Nyssaceae Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae Hydrostachyaceae Curtisiaceae Grubbiaceae Balsaminaceae Marcgraviaceae Tetrameristaceae Polemoniaceae Fouquieraceae Lecythidaceae, [[Sladeniaceae + Pentaphylacaceae] Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Maesaceae Theophrastaceae Myrsinaceae Primulaceae [Mitrastemonaceae, Theaceae, [Symplocaceae [Styracaceae + Diapensiaceae Sarraceniaceae Roridulaceae Actinidiaceae Clethraceae Cyrillaceae Ericaceae Oncothecaceae Icacinaceae, and some ex-Icacinaceae Garryaceae Eucommiaceae

[Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales]
Unplaced

Boraginaceae, Vahliaceae

Gentianales

Rubiaceae, Gentianaceae Loganiaceae Gelsemiaceae Apocynaceae

Lamiales
Plocospermataceae Oleaceae Tetrachondraceae Calceolariaceae Gesneriaceae Pedaliaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Martyniaceae, Stilbaceae, Plantaginaceae, Linderniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Paulowniaceae, Schlegeliaceae, Phrymaceae, Acanthaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae]]]]]

Montiniaceae Sphenocleaceae Hydroleaceae Convolvulaceae Solanaceae

EUASTERIDS II
Cardiopteridaceae Stemonuraceae Aquifoliaceae Helwingiaceae Phyllonomaceae Unplaced

[Polyosmaceae + Escalloniaceae], [Quintiniaceae, Spenostemonaceae, Paracryphiaceae]

Apiales
Pennantiaceae Torricelliaceae Griseliniaceae Araliaceae Pittosporaceae Myodocarpaceae Apiaceae

Unplaced

Bruniaceae

Asterales
Rousseaceae Campanulaceae Pentaphragmataceae Alseuosmiaceae Phellinaceae Argophyllaceae Stylidiaceae Menyanthaceae Goodeniaceae Calyceraceae Asteraceae

Unplaced

[Columelliaceae + Desfontaineaceae]

Adoxaceae Diervillaceae Caprifoliaceae Linnaeaceae Morinaceae Dipsacaceae Valerianaceae
Apodanthaceae, Brachynema, Hoplestigmataceae, Medusandraceae, Metteniusaceae, Pottingeriaceae.

APG II SYSTEM (SEE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP 2003)

Below are listed the families in /APweb/ in the same order as the preceding list with indications as to how they are treated in APG II, both in terms of the optional synonymisations suggested there and the orders in which they are placed.

(Unplaced at the beginning of the sequence)

Amborellaceae

(Unplaced at the beginning of the sequence)

Cabombaceae (optionally included in) Nymphaeaceae

Austrobaileyales

Austrobaileyaceae [Trimeniaceae [Illiciaceae (optionally included in the next) + Schisandraceae]]

(Unplaced at the beginning of the sequence)

Chloranthaceae

MAGNOLIIDS
Magnoliales

Myristicaceae [Magnoliaceae [[Himantandraceae + Degeneriaceae] [Eupomatiaceae + Annonaceae]]]

Laurales

Calycanthaceae [[Siparunaceae [Gomortegaceae + Atherospermataceae]] [Monimiaceae [Hernandiaceae + Lauraceae]]]

Canellales

Canellaceae, Winteraceae

Piperales

[Hydnoraceae [Lactoridaceae + Aristolochiaceae]] [Piperaceae + Saururaceae]

Ceratophyllales + Monocots
Ceratophyllales

Ceratophyllaceae

MONOCOTS
Acorales

Acoraceae

Alismatales

Tofieldiaceae, Araceae [[[Hydrocharitaceae + Butomaceae] [Alismataceae + Limnocharitaceae]], [Scheuchzeriaceae [Aponogetonaceae [Juncaginaceae [[Posidoniaceae [Ruppiaceae + Cymodoceaceae]] [Zosteraceae + Potamogetonaceae]]]]]]

The rest:
Unplaced (at beginning of Monocots)

Petrosaviaceae

Asparagales

Orchidaceae, Boryaceae, [Blandfordiaceae [Lanariaceae [Asteliaceae + Hypoxidaceae]]]], [[Ixioliriaceae + Tecophilaeaceae] [Doryanthaceae [Iridaceae [Xeronemataceae [[Hemerocallidaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae (optionally to include the three families in this immediate clade), Asphodelaceae] [[Alliaceae (optionally to include the next two) [Amaryllidaceae + Agapanthaceae]] [Hesperocallidaceae [[[Aphyllanthaceae [Themidaceae + Hyacintheaceae]] Agavaceae] [Laxmanniaceae [Asparagaceae (optionally to include all the families in the clade that is sister to Alliaceae s.l.) + Ruscaceae]]]]]]]]

Dioscoreales

Nartheciaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Burmanniaceae

Liliales

Corsiaceae, Campynemataceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Colchicaceae, Luzuriagaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Philesiaceae, [Rhipogonaceae + Smilacaceae]

Pandanales

[Pandanaceae + Cyclanthaceae] Stemonaceae, Velloziaceae, Triuridaceae

COMMELINOIDS
Unplaced

Dasypogonaceae

Arecales

Arecaceae

Poales + Commelinales + Zingiberales
Poales

[Typhaceae + Sparganiaceae], Bromeliaceae, Rapateaceae, [[Mayacaceae, Hydatellaceae] [Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae]], [Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Thurniaceae], [Flagellariaceae [Anarthriaceae [Centrolepidaceae + Restionaceae]]] [Joinvilleaceae [Ecdeiocoleaceae + Poaceae]]]

Commelinales

[Commelinaceae + Hanguanaceae] [Philydraceae [Haemodoraceae Pontederiaceae]]

Zingiberales

Musaceae, [Strelitziaceae + Lowiaceae], Heliconiaceae [[Cannaceae + Marantaceae] [Costaceae + Zingiberaceae]]

EUDICOTS
Ranunculales

Eupteleaceae, [Lardizabalaceae + Circaeasteraceae (optionally to include Kingdoniaceae)] [Menispermaceae [Berberidaceae + Ranunculaceae]]] [Pteridophyllaceae [Papaveraceae (optionally to include the three members of this small clade) + Fumariaceae]]

The rest:
(Unplaced at the beginning of the Eudicots)

Sabiaceae

Proteales

Nelumbonaceae [Platanaceae (optionally to include the next) + Proteaceae]

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Eudicots)

Tetracentraceae (optionally to include) Trochodendraceae

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Eudicots)

Didymelaceae (optionally to include) Buxaceae

CORE EUDICOTS
Gunnerales

Gunneraceae (optionally to include) Myrothamnaceae

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Core Eudicots)

Aextoxicaceae, Berberidopsidaceae

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Core Eudicots)

Dilleniaceae

Caryophyllales

Rhabdodendraceae [[Droseraceae [Nepenthaceae [Drosophyllaceae [Ancistrocladaceae + Dioncophylleaceae]]]]] [[Frankeniaceae + Tamaricaceae] [Polygonaceae + Plumbaginaceae]]] [Simmondsiaceae, [[Asteropeiaceae + Physenaceae] [[Caryophyllaceae, Achatocarpaceae, Amaranthaceae] [Stegnospermataceae [Barbeuiaceae [Aizoaceae, Sarcobataceae, Phytolaccaceae, Nyctaginaceae]] [Molluginaceae [Halophytaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae (I include Didiereaceae here; not even optional in APG II), Basellaceae, Hectorellaceae]]]]]]]

Santalales

Olacaceae, Loranthaceae, Misodendraceae (I include these in Loranthaceae, in �conflict� with APG II, but note the serious problems still surrounding a phylogeny-based classification of basal Santalales), Opiliaceae, Santalaceae

Saxifragales

Cercidiphyllaceae, Daphniphyllaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Paeoniaceae, [[Crassulaceae [Aphanopetalaceae [Tetracarpaeaceae [Penthoraceae + Haloragaceae (optionally to include the two previous families)]]]] [[Iteaceae (optionally to include the next) + Pterostemonaceae] [Grossulariaceae + Saxifragaceae]]]

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Rosids)

Vitaceae

ROSIDS

Unplaced

Picramniaceae

Crossosomatales

Aphloiaceae, Staphyleaceae, Stachyuraceae, Crossosomataceae, Geissolomataceae, [Ixerbaceae + Strasburgeriaceae] (the first family and the last three families are unplaced at the beginning of the Rosids)

Geraniales

Geraniaceae (optionally to include Hypseocharitaceae) [Melianthaceae (optionally to include the next) + Francoaceae] [Vivianaceae + Ledocarpaceae]

Myrtales

[Combretaceae [Onagraceae + Lythraceae]] [[Myrtaceae [Heteropyxidaceae + Psiloxylaceae] Vochysiaceae] [[Melastomataceae (optionally to include the next) + Memecylaceae] [Crypteroniaceae [Alzateaceae [Rhynchocalycaceae [Oliniaceae + Penaeaceae]]]]

EUROSIDS I
Unplaced

Huaceae

(Unplaced at the beginning of the Eurosids I group)

Krameriaceae (optionally to be included in) Zygophyllaceae

Celastrales

Lepidobotryaceae, Parnassiaceae (optionally to include Lepuropetalaceae), Celastraceae

Malpighiales

Salicaceae, Violaceae, Achariaceae [Turneraceae + Malesherbiaceae Passifloraceae (optionally the two previous families to be included in the next) + Passifloraceae] [Erythroxylaceae (optionally to be included in the next) + Rhizophoraceae] Linaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Ctenolophonaceae, Lacistemataceae, Humiriaceae, Lophopyxidaceae, Irvingiaceae, Putranjivaceae [Elatinaceae [Bonnetiaceae, Clusiaceae [Hypericaceae + Podostemaceae]]] Malpighiaceae + Peridiscaceae] [Ochnaceae (optionally to include the two following) + Medusagynaceae + Quiinaceae] Pandaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae, Goupiaceae [Balanopaceae [[Trigoniaceae + Dichapetalaceae] [Chrysobalanaceae (optionally to include the other three members of this immediate clade) + Euphroniaceae]]] Caryocaraceae

Oxalidales

[Connaraceae + Oxalidaceae] Cunoniaceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Elaeocarpaceae

Fabales + Rosales + Cucurbitales + Fagales
Fabales

Polygalaceae [Surianaceae [Quillajaceae + Fabaceae]]

Rosales

Rosaceae [Barbeyaceae [Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae, Dirachmaceae]], [Ulmaceae [Cannabaceae [Moraceae + Urticaceae]]]

Cucurbitales

[Corynocarpaceae + Coriariaceae], Anisophylleaceae [Tetramelaceae [Datiscaceae + Begoniaceae]], Cucurbitaceae

Fagales

Nothofagaceae [Fagaceae [Myricaceae [Juglandaceae (optionally to include the next) + Rhoipteleaceae] [Casuarinaceae [Ticodendraceae + Betulaceae]]]]

EUROSID II
Unplaced

[Dipentodontaceae (in taxa of uncertain position) + Tapisciaceae]

Brassicales

[Akaniaceae (optionally to include Bretschneideraceae) + Tropaeolaceae] [[Moringaceae + Caricaceae] [Setchellanthaceae [Limnanthaceae [[Koeberliniaceae [Bataceae + Salvadoraceae]] [Pentadiplandraceae [[Gyrostemonaceae + Resedaceae], Emblingiaceae, Tovariaceae, Brassicaceae]]]]]]

Malvales

Neuradaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Sphaerosepalaceae, [Cochlospermaceae, Bixaceae (optionally to include the two other families of this immediate clade) + Diegodendraceae], Cistaceae, Sarcolaenaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Muntingiaceae, Malvaceae]

Sapindales

Biebersteiniaceae, Kirkiaceae [[Rutaceae + Meliaceae] Simaroubaceae]] [Anacardiaceae + Burseraceae] Sapindaceae, Nitrariaceae (optionally to include Peganaceae and Tetradiclidaceae)

ASTERIDS
Cornales

[Cornaceae (optionally to include the next) + Nyssaceae] [Hydrangeaceae + Loasaceae] Hydrostachyaceae, [Curtisiaceae + Grubbiaceae]

Ericales

[Balsaminaceae [Marcgraviaceae [Tetrameristaceae (optionally to be included in the next) + Pellicieraceae]]] [[Polemoniaceae + Fouquieraceae] [Ebenaceae, [Sladeniaceae + Ternstroemiaceae (Pentaphylacaceae, here included in Ternstroemiaceae, is the oldest name for this clade of two families, for which it can optionally be used)], Theaceae, Symplocaceae, [Maesaceae [Theophrastaceae [Myrsinaceae + Primulaceae]]], [Styracaceae + Diapensiaceae], [Lecythidaceae + Sapotaceae], [[Sarraceniaceae [Roridulaceae + Actinidiaceae] [Clethraceae [Cyrillaceae + Ericaceae]]]]]]

EUASTERIDS I
Garryales

Garryaceae (optionally to include Aucubaceae), Eucommiaceae: near Garryales are Oncothecaceae, Icacinaceae (both unplaced at the beginning of Eusterids I)

Gentianales + Lamiales + Solanales
Unplaced

Vahliaceae, Boraginaceae (both unplaced at the beginning of Eusterids I)

Gentianales

Rubiaceae [Gentianaceae [Loganiaceae [Gelsemiaceae + Apocynaceae]]]

Lamiales

Plocospermataceae [Oleaceae [Tetrachondraceae [Gesneriaceae, Calceolariaceae [Pedaliaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Martyniaceae, Stilbaceae, Plantaginaceae, Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Paulowniaceae, Schlegeliaceae, Phrymaceae, Acanthaceae, Scrophulariaceae (I include Myoporaceae separate from the previous family; not an option in APG II), Orobanchaceae, Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae]]]]

Solanales

Sphenocleaceae, Hydroleaceae, [Convolvulaceae + Solanaceae], Montiniaceae

EUASTERIDS II
Aquifoliales

[[Cardiopteridaceae + Stemonuraceae] [Aquifoliaceae [Helwingiaceae + Phyllonomaceae]]

Apiales + Asterales + Dipsacales
Unplaced

[Polyosmaceae [Escalloniaceae, Eremosynaceae, Tribelaceae]], [Quintiniaceae (included in APG II without an option in the following), Spenostemonaceae, Paracryphiaceae] (All these families unplaced at beginning of Eusterids II)

Apiales

Pennantiaceae [Torricelliaceae (I include Melanophyllaceae in synonymy here, not an option in APG II) [Griseliniaceae [Pittosporaceae [Araliaceae, Mackinlayaceae, Myodocarpaceae, Apiaceae]]]]

(Unplaced at beginning of Eusterids II)

Bruniaceae

Asterales

Rousseaceae, Campanulaceae (optionally includes Lobeliaceae), Pentaphragmataceae [[Alseuosmiaceae [Phellinaceae + Argophyllaceae]], Stylidiaceae (optionally includes Donatiaceae), [Menyanthaceae [Goodeniaceae [Calyceraceae + Asteraceae]]]]

(Unplaced at beginning of Eusterids II)

[Columelliaceae (optionally to include the next) + Desfontaineaceae]

Dipsacales

Adoxaceae [Diervillaceae (optionally this and all the rest of the clade can be placed in the next family) [Caprifoliaceae [Linnaeaceae [Morinaceae [Dipsacaceae + Valerianaceae]]]]]

Taxa of uncertain position

Aneulophus, Balanophoraceae, Centroplacus, Cynomoriaceae, Cytinaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Leptaulus, Medusandraceae, Metteniusaceae, Mitrastemonaceae, Pottingeriaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Soyauxia, Trichostephanus.