A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

Aurantium,-ii (s.n.II), abl. sg. aurantio: “a succulent superior fruit with a rough rind, such as the Orange” [Citrus; Rutaceae] (Jackson), used by DeCandolle (Jackson); DeCandolle seems to have used this word for an ‘Orange;’ technically, a hesperidium, q.v.;

The Orange belongs to the natural family Aurantiaceae or Hesperideae ....Linnaeus admitted only one species of it under the name of Citrus Aurantium; but botanists now generally follow the arrangement of Risso, who has adopted two species, the C. vulgaris, which produces the Bitter or Seville orange, and the C. Aurantium, which comprises a great number of varieties, producing the different kinds of sweet orange ...” [A Dispensatory, Or Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain ...By Sir Robert Christison]

NOTE: there was a genus Aurantium Mill. [Aurantium decumana, A. maximum, A. medicum etc.]

NOTE: Hesperidium was used as a generic name, as in Hesperidium triste (L.) Beck. after Hesperis tristis L.

Citrus aurantium Risso, ‘aurantium’ appears to be a noun in apposition. = Vulg. Aurantium dulce, ‘sweet orange.’

CITRUS LIMONUM (Risso) fructuum oblongorum cortice tenuissimo, pulpa acidissima (DeCandolle), with the rind of the oblong fruits very thin, with the pulp very sour; [limonum, gen. pl. limon,-onis (s.f.III).

Citrus vulgaris Risso = Aurantiacum amarum, the bitter orange.

- [Dillenia] fructus aurantii forma et magnitudine (DeCandolle), the fruit with the form and size of an aurantium [i.e. an orange, a hesperidium or citrus fruit].

- Cor. aurantii coloris (DeCandolle), corolla of the color of an orange.

- [Citrus japonica] Fructus colore et forma Aurantii, sed minutissimi, dulces et edules. (DeCandolle), the fruits with the color and form of the Orange, but very small, sweet and edible.

- Ordo XXXIII. AURANTIACEAE (DeCandolle).

- Fructus (Aurantium DC. )constans 1. Indusio crasso glanduloso evalvi indehiscente, verosimiliter pro toro continuato habendo. 2. Carpellis.plurimis (rarius abortu solitariis) circa axim rationalem verticillatis, sine laceratione saepe separabilibus, membranaceis, nunc semina tantum foventibus, nunc intus pulposis carnosisve; pulpa in sacculis innumeris e parietibus ortis reclusa (DeCandolle), the fruit (Aurantium DC.) composed of 1. a thick, glandulous, valveless, indehiscent, probably to be thought of for a prolonged torus [i.e. receptacle], 2. many carpels (more rarely solitary by abortion) verticillate around a relational [i.e. theoretical or reference] axis, without laceration [i.e. incision] often separable, membranaceous, sometimes only enfolding the seeds, sometimes inside pulpy or fleshy; with the pulp stored away in countless little sacks originating from the walls.

NOTE: this noun may also (or instead) be the neuter substantive of aurantius,-a,-um (adj.A), aurantium,-ii (s.n.II), meaning Orange Color;

- flores aurantio et flavo mixti (DeCandolle), the flowers mixed with orange [color] and yellow [color: flavum,-i (s.n.II), the color yellow].