A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

cornutus,-a,-um (adj.A), compar. cornutior,-ius (adj.B), superl. cornutissimus,-a,-um (adj.A): cornute, horned, horn-shaped; pronged; “cornute, horned or spurred” (Jackson); (fungi) “horned; hornlike; (of aecia) hornlike, pointed, with the peridium made up of characteristically marked and imbricated cells and rupturing by longitudinal slits; ‘roestelioid’” (S&D); see roestelium,-i (s.m.II); see antlered;

cornute, horned or spurred leaves: “a sudden projection of the midrib forming a spine-like outgrowth, often in a different plane” (Jackson); folia (pl.n.II) cornuta, abl.pl. foliis cornutis.

NOTE: rostratus,-a,-um (adj.A), ‘beaked;’ cf. Corylus cornuta, (Horned Hazelnut), Beaked Hazelnut, the husk surrounding the fruit a tubular extension resembling a horn or beak; see calcaratus,-a,-um (adj.A).

NOTE: capsule, anther or silique valves are often crowned or otherwise ornamented at the apices with ‘horn-like’ appendages or extensions.

Corydalis cornutior; C. meifolia var. cornutior.

Aphanolejeunea cornutissima; Asplenium cornutissimum

2. Cornuti,-orum (pl.m.II), abl. pl. cornutis: bullocks (= tauri), ‘the horned ones;’ see ‘cow.’

- animalia cornuta, horned animals, such as rams, bullocks, etc.

3. Cornutus,-i (s.m.II) was a Roman cognomen; see note 4. below.

4. Cornutus, gen.sg. Cornuti; Cornut: Jacques Philippe Cornut (below).

- animalia cornuta, horned animals.

- aries cornutus, a horned ram.

- quadrupes,-pedis (s.f./n.III) cornuta or cornutum, i.e. elephant; see quadrupes,-edis.

- luna,-ae (s.f.I) cornuta, the horned, i.e. new moon.

- cocci saepissime 3, compressi, cornuti (B&H), mericarps most often 3, compressed, horned.

- [Cruciferae] stylus simplex v. interdum sub stigmatibus dilatatata v. cornutus (B&H), the style is simple or sometimes dilated under the stigmas or horned. [Hence often the fruits bear the remains of the ‘horned’ style on their edges].

- [Tropaeolum] Perianthium laciniis duabus inferioribus angustioribus, pone cornutum (Linn.), the perianth with two laciniae, the lower narrower, behind hornlike.

- [Mercurialis] styli duo, reflexi, cornuti, hispidi (Linn.) the styles two, reflexed, horned, hispid.

- [Corallina; algae] cystocarpiis ovatis, utrinque attenuatis, apice obtusisissimis, nec cornutis, with the cystocarps ovate, attenuate at both ends, at the apex very blunt, not horned.

- lobi laterales unguem marginantes v. erecti, saepe in massam solidam incrassati, hypochilium formantes globosum oblongum v. calceiforme, basi interdum 2-cornutum (B&H), the lateral lobes bordering the claw or erect, often thickened into a solid mass, forming the globose, oblong or slipper-shaped hypochile, at the base sometimes 2-horned.

- specimen eremoblum huius speciei unicum tantum observavi, insigne cellulae lobis divergentibus bicornutis, parte basilari cellulae rotundata, nec ut in eremobiis P. Ehrenbergii corniculata (Braun), I have observed only a single eremobic specimen of this species, remarkably, cells with divergent, two-horned lobes, with the basil part of the cell rounded, not as in eremobic cells of P. Ehrenbergii, horned.

- [algae] cystocarpiis concatenatis, terminalibus 2—3-cornutis (Kutz.), with the cystocarps concatenate [i.e. jointed], the terminal ones 2-3-horned [i.e. spurred].

- silique valvis basi in cornua subulata ascendentia verticaliter compressa productis, intus transverse septatis; septo crasso; stylo utrinque cornuto (B&H), the silique with valves at the base prolonged into subulate, ascendina vertically compressed horns, inside transversely septate; with the septum thick; with the style on both sides horned.

- [CERATOCAPNOS] species Mediterranea, habitu C. clavicúlatae simillima, et pariter ovario biovulato distincta, differt capsulis miro modo dimorphis. Superiores cujusve racemi iis C. claviculatae nisi longe cornuto-acuminatae nec breviter acutae accedunt, inferiores tamen indehiscentes monospermae fere Sarcocapni (B&H), a Mediterranean species, most similar in habit to C. claviculata, and equally distinct by the biovulate ovary, it differs by the capsules remarkably dimorphic. Or The upper racemes of which resemble those of C. claviculata except they are long horned-acuminate, not shortly acute, the lower ones, however, indehiscent, with a single seed, almost of the [genus] Sarcocapnos.

- [Tropaeolum] perianthium laciniis duabus inferioribus angustioribus, pone cornutum (Linn.), the perianth with two laciniae, the lower narrower, behind hornlike.

- [Cruciferae] valvae basi cornutae in Pyramidio et Lonchophora; apice bicornutae in Tetracme; apice cornutae in Andraejowskia, Notocerate, Diceratella, et Parolinia ubi cornua furcata sunt; apice appendice transversa auctae in Anastatica (B&H); the valves horned [i.e. with horn-like appendages] at the base in Pyramidium and Lonchophora; bihorned at the apex in Tetracme; at the apex horned in Andraejowskia, Notocerate, Diceratella, and Parolinia where the horns are furcate [i.e. forked]; at the apex augmented with a transverse appendage in Anastatica.

- silique valvis basi in cornua subulata ascendentia verticaliter compressa productis, intus transverse septatis; septo crasso; stylo utrinque cornuto (B&H), the silique with valves at the base prolonged into subulate, ascendina vertically compressed horns, inside transversely septate; with the septum thick; with the style on both sides horned.

- sepala lateralia basi saccata v. calcarata, glandulae hypogynae laterales cornutae (B&H), the lateral sepals at the base saccate or spurred, the lateral glands hypogynous, horned.

lacking or without horns: ecornutus,-a,-um (adj.A), q.v.;

- [Asclepiadeae] Tubus stamineus brevis ; antherae ecornutae (B&H), the stamen-tube short; the anthers lacking hornlike appendages.

- [Asclepiaceae] coronae exterioris lobi 5, breves, lati, interioris squamae incumbentes, ecornutae (B&H), lobes of the outer corona 5, short, broad, of the inner scale, incumbent, lacking horns.

rostrato-cornutus,-a,-um (adj.A): beaked-horned, the horns forming a beak or rostrum and also curved-horned (i.e. curved-conic);

- Melochia] loculis capaulae dehiscentibus duobus rostris cornutis (Linn.) with the locules of the capsule dehiscent, two, beaked, horned.

- olim generice distinguebatur acheniis rostrato-cornutis (B&H), at one time it was generically distinguished by the rostrate-horned achenes.

- CERATOCEPHALUS, species amplectens 7 ab auctoribus descriptas sed forte in unum conjungendas, in Europa v. Asia media crescentes olim generice distinguebatur acheniis rostrato-cornutis (B&H), embracing 7 species described by authors but perhaps should be united into one, growing in Europe or middle Asia once generically distinguished by the rostrate-horned achenia.

Asplenium cornutissimum X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang, 'The specific epithet refers the ultimate segment of lamina forked like a horn.'

[fungus] Aecidium cornutum

4. NOTE: Cornutus, gen.sg. cornuti; Cornut: Jacques Philippe Cornut; Jacques Philippe Cornuti]; Jacques-Philippe Cornut or Jacques-Philippe Cornuti or Jacobus Cornutus. French physician and botanist (1606-1652 Paris).

[NOTE] Cornutia,-ae (s.f.I) (Lamiaceae), trees or shrubs whose native range is Mexico to Tropical America. Linn. Named after Jacques Cornutus, a French physician and traveller. Linn. Verbenaccce (Paxton).

Gen.sg. epithets: Asclepias cornuti Decne. [= A. syriaca L.]; Aster cornuti Mill. ex Nees; Fritillaria cornuti Hort.Dorpat. ex Schult.f.; Plantago cornuti Jacq.; Thalictrum Cornuti L.; Thalictrum cornuti Torr. & A.Gray

Genus: Cornutia L. (Lamiaceae); Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne (= Asclepias syriaca, Linné); Plantago cornuti Gouan.; Thalictrum aquilegiifolium fo. cornuti, Boivin.

- “Corn. [=] Jacobi Cornuti Doctoris Medici Parisiensis Canadensium Plantarum, aliarumque nondum editarum Historia. Parisiis 1835. in 4o.; the [Natural] History of the Plants of Canada and others not yet published of Jacobus Cornutus Doctor of Medicine. [printed] At Paris. 4o [in folio quarto].

- Iac. Cornuti Canadensium plantarum aliarumque nondum editarum historia. Cui adiectum est ad calcem Enchiridion botanicum Parisiense, continens indicem plantarum quae in pagis, silvis, pratis & montosis iuxta Parisios locis nascuntur. 1635; the [natural] History of the plants of [Canada] and of others not yet published of Jacques Cornutus. To which is added at the end the Enchiridion botanicum Parisiense, containing an index [i.e. catalogue] of the plants which arise in the [rural] districts, forests, meadows and mountainous places near Paris. 1635. by Jacques Philippe Cornut.

NOTE The explorer Jacques Cartier brought seeds from voyages to North America. Clusius and Bauhin described Canadian species, cultivated in Europe; material cultivated by V. Robin, brought over by probably Champlain, Quebec; Cornut described ca. 60 Canadian plants in Canadensium... 1635...[The Canadian Encyclopedia, Marsh, ed.].

- Tum (Anno 1601, 1614 & 1618) Joannis Ponae Pharmacopaei Veronensis Descriptio Montis Baldi & (1635) Jacobi Cornuti Doctoris Medici Parisiensis Canadensium Plantarum Historia (Tourn.), next [there was], the Description of Mount Baldus of Johan Pona, pharmacist of Verona, and [then] (1635) the History [i.e. systematic account] of Canadian [i.e. French North American, ‘New France’] Plants of Jacob Cornutus [Jacques Philippe Cornuti], Doctor of Medicine of Paris.

NOTE: Ponaea,-ae (s.f.I): “Giovanni Pona: the Monte Baldo, named in memory of John Pona;” Monte Baldo is a mountain range in the Italian Alps (Trento and Verona provinces) Baldo = German Wald (‘forest’) (Wikipedia Monte Baldo Oct. 2019).

- Cornuti autem parum fuit in plantarum cognitione versatus, ut manifestum est ex ineptis appellationibus quibus utitur in Enchiridio Botanico Parisiensi & descriptionibus speciosis ab Herbariorum stylo tamen alienis, quibus rariores plantas a Joanne & Vespatiano Robino, caeterisque Rei Herbariae studiosis observatas & Parisiis educatas, adornare conatus est, additis iconibus 68 (Tourn.), Cornutus [Jacques Philippe Cornuti], however was not very experienced in the understanding of plants, as is obvious from the unsuitable names which he used in the Botanical Enchuridium [i.e. manual] of Paris, and by the substantial descriptions, foreign [i.e. incongruous], however, with the style [used by] Botanists, by which he undertook [i.e. presumed] to embellish the rarer plants observed [i.e. investigated] by Jean and Vespatian Robin and others expert in Botany and tended [i.e. grown, brought up] at Paris, with 68 additional illustrations.

NOTE: Jean Robin, French botanist (1550 - 1629 Paris):

Catalogus stirpium tam indigenarum quam exoticarum qua Lutetiae coluntur (= Catalogue of plants indigenous as well as exotic insofar as they are cultivated in Paris), Paris, 1601 [Jean Robin, French Botanist (1550 - 1629 Paris)].

NOTE: Enchiridion isagogicum ad facilem notitiam Stirpium tam indigenarum quam exoticarum qua coluntur in horto D.D. Joannis & Vespasiani Robin; Introductory Manual for the easy identification of plants indigenous as well as exotic insofar as cultivated in the garden, given as the gift [=D.D.] of Jean and [his son] Vespasien Robin, Paris, P. de Bresche, 1624, 71 pages.[ [Jean Robin, French Botanist (1550 - 1629 + son Vespasien Robin (1579-1662) Paris)].

- [John Parkinson: Paradisus Terrestris, 1629. London] In plaerisque [sic] C. Bauhini vestigiis insistit, multas tamen species addit ex Alpini Exoticis, Cornuti Canadensium Historia, aliisque, Ex altera etiam parce per oblivionem aut festinationem multas omisit, alias etiam repetit, ut monet Raius (Tourn.); he treads in most of the footprints of C. Bauhin; however he [adds] many species from the [De Plantis] Exoticis of [Prosperus] Alpinus, from the Historia [i.e. systematic account] of [the Canadian plants] of Cornutus, and others, and, on the other hand, he parsimoniously has omitted many species through forgetfulness or haste, and others he repeats, as Ray warns.

[Prospero Alpini [Prosperus Alpinus 1553 - 1617], Italian physician and botanist. Venice. De Plantis Exoticis, posthumously published in 1629, regarding the plants of Egypt].