A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

Solum,-i (s.n.II), abl. sg. solo: lowest part, bottom; pavement, floor (as of a house; the ground level); soil (esp. cultivated), ground, earth, land; the bottom or bed (of a river, ditch, trench or cavity); the foundation, bottom, base; the particular soil of a land, place, of a race (= territory, region, place, country); see soil; see habitatio,-onis (s.f.III); see terra,-ae (s.f.I); cf. tellus,-uris (s.f.III);

NOTE: not to be confused with forms solus, sola, solum (irregular adj.A), q.v., ‘alone;’

NOTE: also not to be confused with solum (adv.), q.v., 'only.'

- solum terrae, the soil of the earth or ground.

- ad solum minerale habitat, it dwells on mineral (i.e. inorganic, or infertile) soil, i.e. lacking in organic material, stony, rocky soil.

- solum natale (adj.B), solum patrium (adj.A): habitat, birth place, paternal soil, native soil, native country.

- solum maris (gen.sg. mare), bottom of the sea.

- in solo, on the ground.

- supra solum instabilem hydromorphicum, above unstable, hydromorphic soil.

- solum paludosum, swampy or marshy soil; solum siccum, dry soil.

- ad solum dirutum, destroyed or broken down to the ground.

- solum immum stagni, the deepest bottom [i.e. bed] of a swamp.

- in Epilobio tetragono, colore subochraceo, solo aprico sicciusculo, on Epilobium tetragonum, with a subochraceous color, on open somewhat dry soil.

- incolit loca maritima Jamaicae, solo calcareo(Swartz), it inhabits maritime places of Jamaica, on calcareous soil.

- [fungus] var. a, sylvas passim incolit ; b, solum laxius praefert cultum arvorum et hortorum, in quibus haud infrequens occurrit (S&A), the var. a, everywhere inhabits forests; [var.] b. prefers the looser cultivated soil of arable fields and gardens, in which it hardly infrequently occurs.

- [fungi] praeter fimum vaccinum etc., quem copiose vere humido colere solet , solo etiam pingui stercoroso hortensi vel sylvatico , rarius truncis putridissimis (S&A), in addition to cow dung etc., which it is wont copiously to inhabit, also rich manured gargen or woodland [i.e. native] soil, more rarely on the most rotten trunks.

- solum proscindere terrae, to plough up the soil of the ground.

- (plural) recente terrae sola sanguine maculans, spotting the lands of the earth with fresh blood.

- sola dura (adj.A): hard soils

- solum exile (adj.B) et macrum (adj.A), a soil that is meagre [i.e. sterile] and poor [i.e. barren].

- solum incultum et derelictum, ground that is uncultivated and abandoned

- solum viride (adj.B), a green soil, i.e. fertile.

- solum densum (adj.A): dense ground.

- saturare limo pingui sola, to saturate [i.e. drench] the grounds with a rich muck [i.e. manure].

- solum pulvereum, dusty soil.

- antequam contumacis lentaeque durititae semina solo committat, aquam defundit in catinum, nitri modicum superfundit ac distabescere sinit (Ray), before he would commit seeds of resistant and persistent hardness to the soil, he pours out water into a [cooking-]pot, pours over [it] a little of natron and it is allowed to gradually soften.'

solum (adv.): “alone,, only, q.v., solely, merely, barely, hardly, alone; “never with numerals, except unus;” (Lewis & Short); usu. placed after the word or phrase; syn. tantum, q.v.; syn. modo, q.v.

NOTE: strengthened by modo, and joined with it in one word, solummodo (adv.); syn. tantummodo (adv.), q.v.:

NOTE: with ‘non’ or ‘nec’, often directly following the negative;

non(nec) solum … sed [or verum]; often followed by etiam, quoque or et, “not only … but also; not only … but even; not merely or barely … but also.

NOTE: not to be confused with nom. & acc. sg. of solum,-i (s.n.II), q.v., soil:

- varietate solum humidiorem et umbrosiorem praeferente (Lindberg), with the variety preferring only wetter and shadier soil.

- solum unum, just one, only one, one alone.

- una solum vice, sed perfecta frequensque, in ligno pineo vetusto sicco inventa Junio (S&A), one time alone, but perfect [i.e. complete] and numerous, encountered on old dry pine wood.

- [fungus] rarissimum item unica solum vice inventum in pomario domestico ad folia Pyri Mali (S&A), very rare similarly encountered only a single time in a domestic orchard on the leaves of Pyrus Malus.

- styli 3-6, basi solum coaliti (F.Muell.), styles 3-6, united only at the base.

- ad hunc diem solum ad Kirjavalaks Karelliae Iadogensis lecta est (Lindb.), up to this day only collected at Kirjavalaks Karelliae Iadogensis.

- apicibus solum interdum deciduis, with the apices only sometimes deciduous.

- calyptra vertice solum cellulis giganteis clavatis grosse comata (Steph.), calyptra only at the top with gigantic clavate cells grossely tufted.

- squamis fere solum in innovationibus obviis (nec persistentibus et marginem frondis longe superantibus), with the scales almost always encountered in the innovations (not persistent and far overtopping the margin of the frond).

- [moss] in loco originali non est inventa antecedens, sed solum vera Gr. ovata W.M., quae jam ab auctoribus describitur et delineata est “dentibus latiusculis et operculo oblique rostrato” (Lindb.), the preceding [sc. species] was not found in the original location, but only the true Grimmia ovata William Mitten, which is already described and was illustrated “with the teeth somewhat broad and with an obliquely rostrate operculum.”

- speciem staminodii praesentia abnormem et forsan in proprium genus transmovendam solum ex adnotationibus tempore detectionis adeptis divulgavi, quum omnia ejus specimina in itinere amitterentur (F. Mueller), I have published a species abnormal by the presence of a staminodium and perhaps to be moved out into a special genus merely from notes obtained at the time of discovery, when all the specimens of it may have been lost on the journey.

solummodo (adv.);

- a Brassica differt solummodo cotyledonibus planis; a Conringia foliis tantum (B&H), it differs from Brassica only by the flat cotyledons; from Conringia [it differs] only by the leaves.

- Ordo ovarii indole ab omnibus Thalamifloris Disciflorisque facile distinguendus, nec ullis vere affinis nisi Ilicineis quae differunt solummodo ovario perfecte septato (B&H), the order [i.e. family] by the nature of the ovary is easy to distinguish from all the Thalamiflorae and Disciflorae, [[it is not truly related to anything except the Ilicineae, which differs only by the ovary completely septate.

- Scytophyllum, male descriptum, a Gymnosporia differt solummodo capsula subcarnosa, ad medium tantum v. ad basin dehiscente (B&H), Scitophyllum, poorly described, is different from Gymnosporia only by the somewhat fleshy capsule, dehiscing only to the middle or to the base.

not only ... but also: non solum ... sed etiam;

- pinnis non solum brevioribus sed etiam latioribus, with the pinnae not only shorter but also wider.

- non capsulae solum, sed folia quoque, not only the capsules but also the leaves.

- Meliosma Anacardiaceis et Sapindaceis relata est, sed ab utrisque differt non solum staminum positione sed insuper ab illis staminibus paucis (B&H), Meliosma is related to the Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae, but from both it differs not only by the position of the stamens but moreover from those by the small stamens.

- differt non solum minutie omnium partium, sed etiam stylo brevissimo et staminibus inclusis (F.Muell.), it differs not only by the minuteness [i.e. very small size] of all the parts, but also by the style very short and the stamens included.

- G. incana non solum fere iisdem notis recedit, sed etiam brevitate pedunculorum (F. Muell.), G. incana not only departs from it by nearly the same characters, but also by the shortness of the peduncles.

- hoc genus non solum filamentis liberis a Tristania, sed etiam staminibus dimorphis et facie singulari ab ullo alio genere hujus seriei longe distat (F. Muell.), this genus not only is far away from Tristania by the free [i.e. not united] filaments, but also from any other genus of this series by the stamens in two forms and by the singular [i.e. unusual] appearance.

- stirps differt a Macrozamia spirali non solum rachi et foliolis, vero etiam squamis antheriferis basi non aequaliter cuneatis sed in unguem 1-2 ½ ‴ longum distincte contractis (F. Muell.), the plant differs from Macrozamia spiralis not only by the rachis and leaflets, but also by the anther-bearing scales at the base not equally [i.e. symmetrically] cuneate but distinctly contracted into a claw 1 – 2 ½ lines [i.e. 2.1 mm – 5.25 mm] long.