A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

sursum (adv.): up, upwards (from below), upwardly; “denoting situation or locality, ‘high up, above’” (Lewis & Short); opp. deorsum (adv.), desuper (adv.), 'downwards from above'); see direction; cf. prorsus (adv.): forward, ahead, onward;

- [fungi] differt [var. a], pileo nonnisi levius umbilicato planiusculo et praesertim stipite sursum pileo concolore, sed deorsum villuloso - pulverulento ex olivaceo - nigricante(S&A), the variety a differs only by being more lightly umbilicate, somewhat flat and especially by the stipe upwardly the same color as the pileus, but downwardly villulous -pulverulent, from olivaceous to blackish.

- clava distincta, alba, item recta, deorsum cylindrica, sursum subulata (S&A), the club [fruiting structure] separate, white, also straight, downwardly cylindric, upwards subulate.

- valvula sursum patente, with the valvule spreading upwards [from below].

- antherae valvulis sursum dehiscentes, anthers by valvules from below upwards dehiscing.

- folium lacinia orbiculari vel rotundata, sursum curvata, basim versus angustata, leaf with a flap orbicular or rounded, curved above, toward the base narrowed.

- fronde carnosa a basi cuneata sursum expansa, with a fleshy frond expanded upwards from a cuneate base.

- capsulae valvulis sursum dehiscentes, capsules by valvules from below upwards dehiscing.

- conidiophora synanamorphae macronematica, mononematica, simplicia, erecta, late ampulliformia, sursum in collum tenuis angustata, conidiophores of the synanamorph macronematous, mononematous, simple, erect, broadly ampulliform, narrowed above into a thin neck.

- pinnis in apice sursum curvis, with pinnae in the apex curved upwards.

- caules inferne 4.0-6.0 cm diametro, sursum tenuior, the stem below 4.0-6.0 cm in diameter, upwards thinner.

- folia basilaria pseudo-rosulata, gradatim sursum disperse, basal leaves pseudo-rosulate, gradually dispersed upwards.

sursum, “upwards; as sursum hamulosus = bordered with hooks directed upwards; i.e. towards the point [i.e. apex] of the leaf” (Lindley).

NOTE: in combination with other adverbs:

- sursum versus, upwards (from below); see versum (adv.).

- sursum deorsum, up and down, to and fro.

NOTE: the school motto of Gill College, South Africa, is Sursum Prorsusque (upward and onward).

NOTE: adverbs do not take objects but prepositions do; see 'above.'