Pollination Biology of Lapeirousia subgenus Lapeirousia (Iridaceae) in southern Africa; floral divergence and adaptation for long-tongued fly-pollination
Abstract | Materials and Methods | Results | Discussion | Literature
LITERATURE CITED
Baker, H. G. & I. Baker. 1983. Floral
nectar sugar constituents in relation to pollinator type. Pp.
117-141 in C. E. Jones & R. J. Little (editors), Handbook
of Experimental Pollination Biology. Scientific and Academic editions,
New York.
_____ & _____. 1990. The predictive
value of nectar chemistry to the recognition of pollinator types.
Israel J. Bot. 39: 157-166.
Barth, F. G. 1985. Insects and Flowers:
The Biology of a Partnership (transl. M. A. Biederman-Thorsen).
Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton.
Bernhardt, P. 1989. The floral ecology
of Australian Acacia. Pp. 127-135 in: C. H. Stirton
& J. L. Zarucchi (editors), Advances in Legume Biology. Monogr.
Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29.
_____. 1990. Anthecology of Schranckia
nuttallii (Mimosaceae) on the tallgrass prairie. Pl. Syst.
Evol. 170: 247-255.
_____. 1995. The floral ecology of
Dianella caerulea var. assera (Phormiaceae). Cunninghamia
4:1-12.
_____ & E. A. Montalvo. 1979. The
pollination of Echeandia macrocarpa (Liliaceae). Brittonia
31: 64-71.
Dafni, A. & P. Bernhardt. 1989. Pollination
of terrestrial orchids of southern Australia and the Mediterranean
Region: Systematic, ecological and evolutionary implications.
Pp. 193-252 in M. K. Hecht, B. Wallace & R. J. MacIntyre
(editors), Evolutionary Biology, Volume 24. Plenum Press, New York.
Darwin, C. 1862. The Various Contrivances
by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects.
D. Appleton, New York.
Faegri, K. & L. van der Pijl. 1979.
The Principles of Pollination Ecology. Third revised edition.
Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Farris, J. S. 1988. Hennig86 version
1.5. Program and software documentation. Published by the author,
Port Jefferson Station, New York.
Feinsinger, P. & R. K. Colwell. 1978.
Community organization among neotropical nectar-feeding birds.
American Zool. 18: 779-795.
_____, L. A. Swarm & J. A. Wolfe.
1985. Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: Comparison
of diverse and depauperate guilds. Ecol. Monogr. 55: 1-28.
Goldblatt, P. 1972. A revision of the
genera Lapeirousia Pourret and Anomatheca Ker in
the winter rainfall region of South Africa. Contr. Bolus Herb.
4: 1-111.
_____. 1978. An analysis of the flora
of southern Africa: Its characteristics, relationships and origins.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 369436.
_____. 1990. Systematics of Lapeirousia
(IridaceaeIxioideae) in tropical Africa. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 77: 430484.
_____. 1994. Geography of African Iridaceae.
Pp. 931-940 in: J. H. Seyani & A. C. Chikuni (editors),
Proceedings of the XIIIth Plenary Meeting AETFAT, Malawi, Volume
2. National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi, Zomba.
_____ & P. Bernhardt. 1990. Pollination
biology of Nivenia (Iridaceae) and the presence of heterostylous
selfcompatibility. Israel J. Bot. 39: 93111.
_____ & J. C. Manning. 1994. New
taxa and revisions to the taxonomy of southern African Lapeirousia
subgenus Lapeirousia (Iridaceae subfamily Ixioideae). Novon
4: 339-346.
_____, P. Bernhardt & J. C. Manning.
1989. Notes on the pollination of Moraea inclinata
and M. brevistyla (Iridaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 163: 201209.
Grant, V. 1971. Plant Speciation. Columbia
Univ. Press, New York.
_____. 1994. Modes and origins of mechanical
and ethological isolation in angiosperms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 91: 3-10.
_____ & K. Grant. 1965. Flower Pollination
in the Phlox Family. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Jeppe, B. 1989. Spring and Winter Flowering
Bulbs of the Cape. Oxford Univ. Press, Cape Town.
Johnson, S. D. 1992. Plant animal relationships.
Pp. 175-205 in R. M. Cowling (editor), The Ecology of Fynbos:
Nutrients, Fire and Diversity. Oxford Univ. Press, Cape Town.
_____ & W. J. Bond. 1994. Red flowers
and butterfly pollination in the fynbos of South Africa. Pp. 137-148
in M. Arianoutsou & R. Groves (editors), Plant-Animal
Interactions in Mediterranean Ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Press,
Dordrecht.
_____, A. Ellis, P. Carrick, A. Swift,
N. Horner, S. Janse van Rensburg & W. J. Bond. 1993. Moth
pollination and rhythms of advertisement and reward in Crassula
fascicularis (Crassulaceae). S. African J. Bot. 59: 311-313.
Marloth, R. 1908. Some observations on
entomophilous flowers. S. African J. Sci. 4: 110-113.
_____. 1917-1932. The Flora of South
Africa. Darter Brothers, Cape Town.
Nilsson, L. A. 1988. The evolution of
flowers with deep corolla tubes. Nature 334: 147-149.
Ogden, E. C., G. S. Raynor, J. V. Hayers
& D. M. Lewis. 1974. Manual of Sampling Airborne Pollen. Hafner
Press, London.
Schemske, D. W., M. F. Wilson, M. N.
Melampy, L. I. Littler, L. Werner & L. B. Best. 1978. Flowering
ecology of some spring woodland herbs. Ecology 59: 351-366.
Scott Elliot, G. E. 1890. Ornithophilous
flowers in South Africa. Ann. Bot. 4: 265-280.
_____. 1891. Notes of the fertilisation
of South African and Madagascar flowering plants. Ann. Bot. 5:
333-405.
Vogel, S. 1954. Blütenbiologische
Typen als Elemente der Sippengliederung. Bot. Stud. 1: 1338.
<< BACK | TOP
|