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Dendrocyathophorum Dix. (Hypopterygiaceae)

D. intermedium (Mitt.) Herzog == Cyathophorella intermedia

D. paradoxum(Broth.) Dix.
Illustrations. Gangulee (1969-80, Figs. 773, 774); Noguchi (187-94, Fig. 339A).
Habitat. Alt. 1800 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Tagawa & Kitagawa 2735 p.p. (NICH),
Noguchi 1973: 248.
Range in Asia: Mainland China, India, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

Desmotheca Lindb. (Orthotrichaceae)

D. apiculata (Dozy & Molk.) Lindb.
Illustrations. Eddy (1996, Fig. 394, A-K); Gangulee (1969-80, Fig. 581); Vitt et al. (1995, Figs. 3, f; 38, a-n).
Habitat. Alt. 20 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) SURAT. Chumphon: Kerr 365 (BM), Dixon 1935: 10.
Range in Asia: Borneo, India, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sumatra, and Vietnam.

Diaphanodon Ren. & Card. (Trachypodaceae)

D. blandus (Harv.) Ren. & Card.
Illustrations. Gangulee (1969-80, Fig. 592); Norris & Koponen (1985, Fig. 4, e-g); Zanten (1959, Pl. 6, fig. 1, a-i).
Habitat. Alt. 500-2530 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 9320, 10031 (both in L, MO), 9831 (L), Touw 1968: 242. PHITSANULOK. Phetchabun: Tixier s.n. (PC), Tixier 1971: 126.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Bhutan, Mainland China, India, Java, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

Dicranella (C. Müll.) Schimp. (Dicranaceae)

D. brasiliensis (Duby) Bartr. == Microdus brasiliensis

D. coarctata (C. Müll.) Bosch & Sande Lac.
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 103, A-G); Norris & Koponen (1990, Fig. 3, m-r).
Habitat. Alt. 700-1550 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SAWAN. Tak: Touw 8254, 8310 (both in L), Touw 1968: 221. PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 10357 (L), Touw 1968: 221. PHITSANULOK. Phitsanulok: LSmW 913 (AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China, India, Java, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
D. setifera (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 102, A-C); Norris & Koponen (1990, Fig. 4, a-f).
Habitat. Alt. 700-1300 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Tixier s.n. (PC), Tixier 1971: 108; LSaW 1905 (AAU, MO). PRACHINBURI. Nakhon Nayok: LSmW 403 (AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Bhutan, Borneo, Mainland China, India, Java, Philippines, Sikkim, and Sumatra.

Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp. (Dicranaceae)

D. asperulum (Mitt.) Broth.**
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 127, A-E).
Habitat. Alt. 2530 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 9804 (MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China and Indonesia.
D. didictyon (Mitt.) Jaeg.**
Illustrations. Gao Chien et al. (1994, Pl. 82, figs. 1-7).
Habitat. Alt. 2300-2570 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 9722, 9788, 9802, 10115, 10153 (all in MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China, India, Japan, Myanmar, Sikkim, and Vietnam.
D. fleischerianum Schultze-Motel
(as Dicranodontium nitidum, hom. illeg.,Tixier & Smitinand 1966: 167, Tixier 1971: 109).
Illustrations. Norris & Koponen (1990, Figs. 5, a-d).
Habitat. Alt. 1300 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) UDAWN. Loei: Smitinand 1111 (BKF, PC), Tixier & Smitinand 1966: 167.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Celebes, Mainland China, India, Japan, Java, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, and Sumatra.

D. nitidum (Dozy & Molk.) Fleisch., hom. illeg. = D. fleischerianum fide Norris & Koponen 1990: 19.

D. uncinatum (Harv.) Jaeg.
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 126, A-G).
Habitat. Alt. 900-2530 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Kerr 4b p.p. (BM), Dixon 1932: 10; Richards 5467 (BO), Giesy & Richards 1959: 577; Ogawa 68010, Yoda 67880, 67907, 67913, 67931, 67933, 67938, 67948, 67952, 67956, 67957 (all in HIRO), Horikawa & Ando 1964: 5; Robbins 3621, 3622, 3640, 3646 (all in BKF, PC), Tixier & Smitinand 1966: 167; Touw 9796 (MO); LSaW 2504 (AAU, MO). RACHABURI. Kanchanaburi: Kerr 139 (BM), Dixon 1932: 10. UDAWN. Loei: Touw 10906 (MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, India, Japan, Java, Kampuchea, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

Dicranoloma (Ren.) Ren. (Dicranaceae)

D. assimile (Hampe) Par.**
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 129, A-L); Norris & Koponen (1990, Fig. 7, g-l, as Dicranum assimile).
Habitat. Alt. 1650 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 10284 (MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China.
D. blumii (Nees) Par.
[Norris & Koponen (1990: 35) accepted this species under the genus Dicranum].
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 137, A-F); Norris & Koponen (1990, Fig. 10, a-f, as Dicranum blumii).
Habitat. Alt. 1200-1700 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Kerr 299 (BM), Dixon 1932: 7; Touw 11733 (MO). PATTANI. Yala: Kerr 60 (BM), Dixon 1932: 7.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Celebes, Mainland China, India, Java, Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, and Vietnam.
D. braunii (C. Müll.) Par.
[Norris & Koponen (1990: 37) accepted this species under the genus Dicranum, while Tan & Iwatsuki (1993: 344) considered it a synonym of Dicranoloma brevisetum (Dozy & Molk.) Par. var. samoanum (Broth.) Tan & Kop.].
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 140, A-H); Norris & Koponen (1990, Fig. 10, g-m, as Dicranum braunii).
Habitat. Alt. 1200-1685 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 8817 (L, MO), 8595, 8653, 8769, 9538 (all in L), Touw 1968: 221. RACHASIMA. Nakhon Ratchasima: Tixier s.n. (PC), Tixier 1971: 109. PRACHINBURI. Nakhon Nayok: Touw 12038 (L, MO), Touw 1968: 221. UDAWN. Loei: Touw 10579, 10662 (both in L, MO), Touw 1968: 221.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Celebes, Mainland China, Java, Laos, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, and Vietnam.
D. brevisetum (Dozy & Molk.) Par. var. samoanum (Broth.) Tan & Kop., sensus Tan & Iwatsuki (1993) =
Dicranoloma braunii fide by this study.
D. fragile Broth.
(as Dicranum fragile, hom. illeg., Dixon 1935: 4).
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 139, A-F).
Habitat. Alt. 700-2150 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Ogawa 68011, Yoda 67982, 67996 (all in HIRO), Horikawa & Ando 1964: 6; Touw s.n. (L), Touw 1968: 221; Tixier s.n. (PC), Tixier 1971: 110. PHITSANULOK. Phetchabun: Tixier s.n. (PC), Tixier 1971: 110. UDAWN. Loei: Kerr 575 (BM), Dixon 1935: 4.
Range in Asia: Bhutan, Mainland China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Sikkim, and Vietnam.
D. havilandii Broth.**
Illustrations. Eddy (1988, Fig. 131, A-E).
Habitat. Altitude unknown.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PATTANI. Yala: CLW 4049 (AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo.

Dicranum Hedw. (Dicranaceae)

D. blumii Nees == Dicranoloma blumii

D. braunii C. Müll. == Dicranoloma braunii

D. fragile Hook., hom. illeg. = Dicranoloma fragile fide Eddy 1988a: 158.

D. nipponense Besch.**
Illustrations. Gao Chien et al. (1994, Pl. 124, figs. 7-19); Noguchi (1987-94, Fig. 89).
Habitat. Alt. 1300 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: LSaW 2520 (AAU, MO). PHITSANULOK. Phetchabun: LSmW 1046, 1047 (both in AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.
Didymodon tophaceum auct. non. (Brid.) Lisa, sensus Tixier 1971: 119 = Trichostomum stenophyllum
fide by this study.

Dimorphocladon Dix. (Hookeriaceae)

D. borneense Dix.
Illustrations. Dixon (1922, Pl. 564, fig. 5, a-f).
Habitat. Alt. 50-300 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PATTANI. Yala: Kerr 28 p.p., 136a (both in BM), Dixon 1932: 33. PHUKET. Ranong: Kerr 196a (BM), Dixon 1932: 33. SURAT. Chumphon: Kerr 189 (BM), Dixon 1932: 33; Kerr 369 (BM), Dixon 1935: 17.
Range in Asia: Borneo, New Guinea, and Sumatra.

Diphyscium Mohr (Buxbaumiaceae)

D. calcareum Dix.* == Hymenostyliella calcarea fide Iwatsuki 1976: 146.
[Zander (1993) followed Iwatsuki's (1976) treatment, but Tan & Iwatsuki (1993) still placed this species under the genus Diphyscium].
D. involutum Mitt.**
Illustrations. Bartram (1939, Pl. 28. fig. 491); Hyvönen (1986, Fig. 22, a-h).
Habitat. Altitude unknown.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PHUKET. Trang: CLW 3754 (AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, India, Japan, Malay Peninsula, Philippines, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan,
D. rupestre Dozy & Molk.
Illustrations. Bartram (1939, Pl. 28, fig. 492); Hyvönen (1989a, Fig. 5, E).
Habitat. Alt. 1000-1600 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Touw 11614 (L), Touw 1968: 223. PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 8845 (L), Touw 1968: 223; LSaW 2436 (AAU, MO). PHITSANULOK. Phetchabun: LSmW 1045 (AAU, MO). UDAWN. Loei: Touw 10700 (L), 10986 (L, MO), Touw 1968: 223.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Java, and Malaysia.

Distichophyllum Dozy & Molk. (Hookeriaceae)

D. cirratum Ren. & Card. var. cirratum
[Tan & Robinson (1990: 20) treated this species as a variety of Distichophyllum nigricaule. Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 80) and Lin & Tan (1995: 36) both reported this species from Thailand in the species distribution range, but no Thai collections were cited].
Illustrations. Lin & Tan (1995, Fig. 27, a-d); Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 50, 52, 53, 56); Tan & Robinson (1990, Figs. 23, 24, as Distichophyllum nigricaule var. cirratum).
Habitat. Alt. 1000-1700 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Touw 11871, 11602 (both in MO). UDAWN. Loei: Touw 11031 (MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, Java, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sumatra, and Taiwan.
D. cirratum var. elmeri (Broth.) P.-J. Lin & B.C. Tan
(as Distichophyllum sinuosulum, Dixon 1935: 15, Tixier 1971: 137; as Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elemeri, Tan & Robinson 1990: 22).
[Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 19) did not recognize this variety, but considered it a synonym of Distichophyllum cirratum].
Illustrations. Lin & Tan (1995, Fig. 27, e-h); Tan & Robinson (1990, Figs. 25, 26, as Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elmeri).
Habitat. Alt. 700 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PHUKET. Trang: Kerr 535d (paratype of Distichophyllum sinuosulum, BM), Dixon 1935: 15.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, Malaya Peninsula, Philippines, and Taiwan.
D. cuspidatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
Illustrations. Lin & Tan (1995, Fig. 26, a-i); Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 43-49); Tan & Robinson (1990, Figs. 29, 30).
Habitat. Alt. 700-1100 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PHUKET. Krabi: Kerr 512 (BM); Trang: Kerr 535c (BM), both reported by Dixon 1935: 15.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
D. mittenii Bosch & Sande Lac.
Illustrations. Lin & Tan (1995, Fig. 31, a-e); Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 65-72).
Habitat. Alt. 150-1350 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) CHANTHABURI. Trat: CLW 5132 (AAU, MO). NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Touw 11927 (MO). PATTANI. Yala: CLW 4167 (AAU, MO). SURAT. Surat Thani: Kerr 226 (BM), Dixon 1932: 32. UDAWN. Loei: Touw 10640 (MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, Japan, Java, Kampuchea, Malaya Peninsula, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
D. nigricaule Mitt. ex Bosch & Sande Lac. **
[Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 26) reported this species from Thailand in the world distribution range, but no Thai specimen was cited].
Illustrations. Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 51, 54, 55, 57); Tan & Robinson (1990, Figs. 27, 28).
Habitat. Alt. 1650 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Touw 11709 (MO).
Range in Asia: Borneo, Java, Nepal, Philippines, and Vietnam.
D. nigricaule var. elemeri (Broth.) Tan & Robinson = D. cirratum var. elmeri fide P. -J. Lin & Tan 1995: 36.
[Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 19) considered Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elemeri a synonym of D. cirratum].
D. schmidtii Broth.*
Illustrations. Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 80-86).
Habitat. Altitude unknown.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) CHANTHABURI. Trat: Lem Dan, Schmidt s.n. (type, H), Brotherus 1901: 122. PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 11323 (L), Mohamed & Robinson 1991: 29. [The collection, Touw 11323 (MO), was identified as Distichophyllum mittenii by Touw on the herbarium label].
Range in Asia: Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Singapore.
D. sinuosulum Dix.* = D. cirratum var. elmeri fide P. -J. Lin & Tan 1995: 36.
[Tan & Robinson (1990: 22) accepted this species as Distichophyllum nigricaule var. elmeri, while Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 19) considered it a synonym of D. cirratum].
D. spathulatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
[Mohamed & Robinson (1991: 29) listed this species from Thailand in the species distribution range without citing any Thai specimen. It is treated as a provisional record].
D. tortile Dozy & Molk. ex Bosch & Sande Lac.
Illustrations. Lin & Tan (1995, Fig. 34, a-c); Mohamed & Robinson (1991, Figs. 94-98).
Habitat. Alt 700-800 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) NAKHON SI THAMMARAT. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Touw 11979 (L, MO), Touw 1968: 225.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, Java, Philippines, and Vietnam.

Ditrichum Hampe, nom. cons. (Ditrichaceae)

D. difficile (Duby) Fleisch.
[Norris & Koponen (1988) reported this species from Thailand in the species distribution range, but no Thai specimen was cited. It is treated as a provisional record of Thailand. Tan & Iwatsuki (1993) did not report this species from Indo-china].
Illustrations: Eddy (1988, Fig. 93, A-D); Norris & Koponen (1988, Fig. 3, A-E).
Distribution in Thailand. Unknown.
Range in Asia: Borneo, Mainland China, India, Mainland China, Japan, Java, Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra.

Dixonia Horik. & Ando (Lembophyllaceae)

D. thamnioides (Broth. & Dix.) Horik. & Ando
Illustrations. Gangulee (1969-80, Fig. 726); Horikawa & Ando (1964, Fig. 5).
Habitat. Alt. 1180-2550 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Ogawa 67854, Yoda 67893 (both in HIRO), Horikawa & Ando 1964: 23; Touw 8970, 9170, 9235, 9570, 10192 (all in L), Touw 1968: 227. PHITSANULOK. Phetchabun: LSmW 1070a (AAU, MO). UDAWN. Loei: Touw 10932 (L), Touw 1968: 227.
Range in Asia: India and Sri Lanka.

Duthiella C. Müll. in Broth. (Trachypodaceae)

D. wallichii (Mitt.) C. Müll.
Illustrations. Gangulee (1969-80, Fig. 598); Noguchi (1987-94, Fig. 412B); Zanten (1959, Pl. 9, fig. 1, a-f).
Habitat. Alt. 740-2590 m.
Distribution in Thailand. (MAP) PAYAP. Chiang Mai: Touw 9196, 9212, 9226, 9510 (all in L), Touw 1968: 243; Tagawa & Kitagawa 2727, 2987, 4324 (all in NICH), Noguchi 1973: 241; LSaW 2609 (AAU, MO).
Range in Asia: Mainland China, India, Japan, Java, Nepal, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

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