Articles or books by two or more authors are cited as follows. When there are two authors, citation is alphabetical after the second author's name. When there are three or more authors, references are cited in the body of the text as (e.g.) Chase et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, and are listed following these sometimes alphabetically qualified dates of publication immediately after all the single- or two-authored articles by the first author.

Aagard, J. A. [et al. 2005], Olmstead, R. G., Willis, J. H., & Phillips, P. C. 2005. Duplication of floral regulatory genes in Lamiales. American J. Bot. 92: 1284-1293.

Aagesen, L. 1999. Phylogeny of the tribe Colletieae, Rhamnaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 131: 1-43.

Aagesen, L., & Sanso, A. M. 2003. The phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, based on morphology, rps16 intron, and rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 28: 47-69.

Aagesen, L. [et al. 2005], Medan, D., Kellermann, J., & Hilger, H. H. 2005. Phylogeny of the tribe Colletieae (Rhamnaceae) - a sensitivity analysis of the plastid region trnL-trnF combined with morphology. Plant Syst. Evol. 250: 197-214.

Aagesen, L. [et al. 2016], Biganzoli, F., Bena, J., Godoy-Bürki, A. C., Reinheimer, R., & Zuloaga, F. O. 2016. Macro-climatic distribution limits show both niche expansion and niche specialization among C₄ panicoids. PLoS ONE 11(3):e0151075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151075

Aanen, D. K. [et al. 2002], Eggleton, P., Rouland-LeFèvre, C., Guldberg-Frøslev, T., Rosendahl, S., & Boomsma, J. J. 2002. The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 23: 14887-14892.

Aanen, D. K. [et al. 2007], Ros, V. I. D., Licht, H. H. de F., Mitchell, J., de Beer, Z. W., Slippers, B., Rouland-LeFèvre, C., & Boomsma, J. J. 2007. Patterns of interaction specificty of fungus-growing termites and Termitomyces symbionts in South Africa. BMC Evol. Biol. 7:115. doi:10.1186/1471-2i48-7-115

Aase, H. C. 1915. Vascular anatomy of the megasporophyll of conifers. Bot. Gaz. 60: 277-313.

Abbasi, M. [et al. 2005], Goodwin, S. B., & Scholler, M. 2005. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution of Puccinia graminis, the black stem rust: New insights based on rDNA sequence data. Mycoscience 46: 241-247.

Abbe, E. C. 1935. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy and morphology. Bot. Gaz. 97: 1-67.

Abbe, E. C. 1974. Flowers and inflorescences of the "Amentiferae". Bot. Review 40: 159-261.

Abbott, J. R. 2011. Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae), with four new genera for the Flora of North America. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 125-137.

Abbott, J. R. [et al. 2013], Neubig, K., & Carlsward, B. 2013. Further insight into the disintegration of the polyphyletic mess that was Polygala s.l. (Polygalaceae). P. 254, in Botany 2013. Celebrating Diversity! July 27-31 - New Orleans. Abstracts.

Abdallah, J. M., & Monela, G. G. 2007. Overview of the Miombo woodlands in Tanzania. Finnish Forest. Res. Inst. 50: 9-23.

Abdallah, M. S. 1967. The Resedaceae: A taxonomical revision of the family. Meded. Landbouwhoog. Wageningen 67(8): 1-98, fig. 2-17. [Reprint: Belmontia N.S. 8, 1978.]

Abdallah, M. S., & de Wit, H. C. D. 1978. The Resedaceae: A taxonomical revision of the family (final instalment). Meded. Landbouwhoog. Wageningen 78(14): 96-416, fig. 1, 18-91. [Reprint: Belmontia N.S. 8, 1978.]

Abdelaziz, M. [et al. 2019], Bakkali, M., Gómez, M., Olivieri, E., & Perfectti, F. 2019. Anther rubbing, a new mechanism that actively promotes selfing in plants. American Naturalist 193: 140-147.

Abdelgaleil, S. A. M., & Hashinaga, F. 2007. Allelopathic potential of two sequiterpene lactones from Magnolia grandiflora L. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 737-742.

Abdel Khalik, K. [et al. 2008], Abd El-Ghani, M., & El Kordy, A. 2008. Fruit and seed morphology in Galium (Rubiaceae) and its importance for taxonomic identification. Act. Bot. Croatica 67: 1-20.

Abdel-Massih, R. M. [et al. 2023], Debst, E., Othman, L., Attieh, J., & Cabrerizo, F. M. 2023. Glucosinolates, a natural chemical arsenal: More to tell than the myrosinase story. Front. Microbiol. 14:1130208. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130208

Abdelrhaman, M. A. 2016. Modeling water clarity and light quality in oceans. J. Marine Sci. Engin. 4:80. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse4040080.

Abdillahi, H. S. [et al. 2010], Stafford, G. I., Finnie, J. F., & van Stade, J. 2010. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Podocarpus sensu latissimo. South African J. Bot. 76: 1-24.

Abdullah [et al. 2020a], Henriquez, C. L., Mehmood, F., Carlsen, M. M., Islam, M., Waheed, M. T., Poczai, P., Croat, T. B., & Ahmed, I. 2020a. Complete chloroplast genomes of Anthurium huixtlense and Pothos scandens (Pothoideae, Araceae): Unique inverted repeat expansion and contraction affect rate of evolution. J. Molec. Evol. 88: 562-574.

Abdullah [et al. 2020b], Henriquez, C. L., Mehmood, F., Shahzadi, I., Ali, Z., Waheed, M. T., Croat, T. B., Poczai, P., & Ahmed, I. 2020b. Comparison of chloroplast genomes among species of unisexual and bisexual clades of the monocot family Araceae. Plants 9:737.

Abe, J. P. 2005. An arbuscular mycorrhizal genus in the Ericaceae. Inoculum 56(4): 6.

Abe, K. 1972a. Contribution to the embryology of the family Orchidaceae. VI. Development of the embryo sac in 15 species of orchids. Sci. Reports Tôhoko Univ. Ser. IV Biol., 36: 135-178.

Abe, K. 1972b. Contribution to the embryology of the family Orchidaceae. VII. A comparative study of the orchid embryo sac. Sci. Reports Tôhoko Univ. Ser. IV Biol., 36: 179-201.

Abele, D. [et al. 2005], Rudolph, B., Thiede, J., & Schirarend, C. 2005. Phylogeny of the genus Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. based on morphological and molecular data. Pp. 111-116, in Raynal-Roques, A., Roguenant, A., & Prat, D. (eds), Proceedings of the 18th World Orchid Conferemnce. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.

Abercrombie, J. M. [et al. 2011], O'Meara, B. C., Moffatt, A. R., & Williams, J. H. 2011. Developmental evolution of flowering plant pollen tube cell walls: Callose synthase (CalS) gene expression pattern. EvoDevo 2011, 2:14. doi: 10.1186/2041-9139-2-14

Aberhan, M., & Kiessling, W. 2015. Persistent ecological shifts in marine molluscan assemblages across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 7207-7212.

Abgrall, C. [et al. 2018], Forey, E., Mignot, L., & Chauvat, M. 2018. Invasion by Fallopia japonica alters soil food webs through secondary metabolites. Soil Biol. Biochem. 127: 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.09.016

Abraham, Y., & Elbaum, R. 2013. Hygroscopic movements in Geraniaceae: The structural variations that are responsible for coiling or bending. New Phytol. 199: 584-594.

Abrahamczyk, S., & Renner, S. S. 2015. The temporal build-up of hummingbird/plant mutualisms in North America and temperate South America. BMC Evol. Biol. 15:104.

Abrahamczyk, S., & Steudel, B. 2022. Why are some hummingbird-pollinated plant clades so species-rich? American J. Bot. 109: 1059-1062.

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2014], Souto-Vilarós, D., & Renner, S. S. 2014. Escape from extreme specialization: Passionflowers, bats and the sword-billed hummingbird. Proc. R. Soc. B 281:20140888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0888

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2015], Souto-Vilarós, D., McGuire, J. A., & Renner, S. S. 2015. Diversity and clade ages of West Indian hummingbirds and the largest plant clades dependent on them: A 5-9 Myr young mutualistic system. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 114: 848-859.

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2016], Kessler, M., Hanley, D., Karger, D. N., Müller, M. P. J., Knauer, A. C., Keller, F., Schwerdtfeger, M., & Humphreys, A. M. 2016. Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar concentration. J. Evol. Biol. 30: 112-127.

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2017a], Poretschkin, C., & Renner, S. S. 2017a. Evolutionary flexibility in five hummingbird/plant mutualistic systems: Testing temporal and geographic matching. J. Biogeog. 44: 1847-1855.

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2017b], Lozada-Gobilard, S., Ackermann, M., Fischer, E., Krieger, V., Redling, A., & Weigend, M. 2017b. A question of data quality - testing pollination syndromes in Balsaminaceae. PLoS ONE 12(10):e0186125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186125

Abrahamczyk, S. [et al. 2021], Humphreys, A. M., Trabert, F. Droppelmann, F., Gleichmann, M., Krieger, V., Linnartz, M., Lozada-Gobilard, S., Rahelivololona, M. E., Schubert, M., Janssens, S. B., Weigend, M., & Fischer, E. 2021. Evolution of brood-site mimicry in Madagascan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 49:125590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2021.125590

Abrahamson W. G., & Weis A. E. 1997. Evolutionary Ecology Across Three Trophic levels: Goldenrods, Gallmakers, and Natural Enemies. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Abrahamson, W. G. [et al. 1998], Melika, G., Scrafford, R., & Csóka, G. 1998. Gall-inducing insects provide insights into plant systematic relationships. American J. Bot. 85: 1159-1165.

Abrahamson, W. G. [et al. 2023], Abrahamson, C. R., Koontz, S. M., Tran, E. H., Menges, E. S., & David, A. S. 2023. What kills the virtually immortal palms of the Florida scrub? American J. Bot. 110: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16234

Abrams, M. 1895. Bau und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wandverdickungen in den Samenoberhautzellen einiger Cruciferen. Jahrb. Wissens. Bot. 16: 599-637.

Abrams, M. D. 1992. Fire and the development of oak forests. BioScience 42: 346-353.

Abrams, M. D. 1996. Distribution, historical development and ecophysiological attributes of oak species in the eastern United States. Ann. Sci. Forest. 53: 487-512.

Abrams, M. D. 2003. Where has all the white oak gone? BioScience 53: 927-939.

Abril, A. 2011. The leaf cutting ant-plant interaction from a microbial ecology perspective. Pp. 39-63, in Seckbach, J., & Dubinsky, Z. (eds), All Flesh is Grass: Plant-Animal Interrelationships. Springer, Dordrecht.

Abrouk, M. [et al. 2010], Murat, F., Pont, C., Messing, J., Jackson, S., Faraut, T., Tannier, F., Plomion, C., Cooke, R., Feuillet, C., & Salse, J. 2010. Palaeogenomics of plants: Synteny-based models of extinct ancestors. Trends Plant Sci. 15: 479-487.

Accorsi, W. R. A. 1949. Características morfólogicas, anatómicas e citológicas da epiderme inferior da folha das Rubiaceae. Lilloa 16: 5-59.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. [et al. 2011], van Welzen, P. C., Adema, F., & van der Ham, R. W. J. M. 2011. Sapindaceae. Pp. 357-407, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Flowering Plants. X. Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer, Berlin.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. [et al. 2017], Wurdack, K. J., Ferrucci, M. S., Johnson, G., Dias, P., Coelho, R. G., Somner, G. V., Steinmann, V. W., Zimmer, E. A., & Strong, M. T. 2017. Genetic relationships and classification of tribe Paullinieae (Sapindaceae) with a new concept of supertribe Paulliniodae. Syst. Bot. 42: 96-114.

Acevedo-Rosas, R. [et al. 2004], Cameron, K., Sosa, V., & Pell, S. 2004. A molecular phylogenetic study of Graptopetalum (Crassulaceae) based on ETS, ITS, rpl16 and trnL-F nucleotide sequences. American J. Bot. 91: 1099-1104.

Acha, S., & Majure, L. C. 2022. A new approach using targeted sequence capture for phylogenomic studies across Cactaceae. Genes 13: 350. 10.3390/genes13020350

Acha, S. [et al. 2021], Linan, A., MacDougal, J., & Edwards, C. 2021. The evolutionary history of vines in a Neotropical biodiversity hotspot: Phylogenomics and biogeography of a large passion flower clade (Passiflora section Decaloba). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 164:107260.

Achille, F. [et al. 2006], Motley, T. J., Lowry, P. P. II, & Jérémie, J. 2006. Polyphyly in Guettarda L. (Rubiaceae, Guettardeae) based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 103-121.

Ackerfield, J. [et al. 2020], Susanna, A., Funk, V., Kelch, D., Park, D. S., Thornhill, A. H., Yildiz, B., Arabaci, T., & Dirmenci, T. 2020. A prickly puzzle: Generic delimitations in the Carduus-Cirsium group (Compositae: Cardueae: Carduini). Taxon 69: 715-738.

Ackerley, D. 2009. Conservatism and diversification of plant functional traits: Evolutionary rates versus phylogenetic signal. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106, suppl. 2: 19699-19706.

Ackerman, J. D. 1983. Specificity and mutual dependency of the orchid-euglossine bee interaction. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 20: 301-314.

Ackerman, J. D. 1985. Euglossine bees and their nectar hosts. Pp. 225-233, in D'Arcy, W. G., & Correa, M. D. (eds), The Botany and Natural History of Panama. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.

Ackerman, J. D. 1986. Mechanisms and evolution of food-deceptive pollination systems in orchids. Lindleyana 1: 108-113.

Ackerman, J. D. 1993. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L.. Aquat. Bot. 46: 189-202.

Ackerman, J. D. 1995. Convergence of filiform pollen morphologies in seagrasses: Functional mechanisms. Evol. Ecol. 9: 139-153.

Ackerman, J. D. 2000. Abiotic pollen and pollination: Ecological, functional, and evolutionary perspectives. Plant Syst. Evol. 222: 167–185.

Ackerman, J. D. 2006. Sexual reproduction in seagrasses: Pollination in the marine context. Pp. 89-109, in Larkum, A. W. D., Orth, R. J., & Duarte, C. M. (eds), Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Springer, Dordrecht.

Ackerman, J. D., & Roubik, D. W. 2012. Can extinction risk help explain plant-pollinator specificity among euglossine bee pollinated plants? Oikos 121: 1821-1827.

Ackerman, J. D., & Williams, N. H. 1980. Pollen morphology of the tribe Neottieae and its impact on the classification of the Orchidaceae. Grana 19: 7-18.

Ackerman, J. D. [et al. 2023], Phillips, R. D., Tremblay, R. L., Karremans, A., Reiter, N., Peter, C. I., Bogarín, D., Pérez-Escobar, O. A., & Liu, H. 2023. Beyond the various contrivances by which orchids are pollinated: Gobal patterns in orchid pollination biology. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 202: 292-324.

Ackermann, M., & Weigend, M. 2006. Nectar, floral morphology and pollination syndrome in Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae (Cornales). Ann. Bot. 98: 503-514.

Ackery, P. R. 1988. Hostplants and classification: A review of nymphalid butterflies. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 33: 95-203.

Ackery, P. R. 1991. Hostplant utilization by African and Australian butterflies. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 44: 335-351.

Ackery, P. R., & Vane-Wright, R. I. 1984. Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

Acosta, K. [et al. 2021], Appenroth, K. J., Borisjuk, L., Edelman, M., Heinig, U., Jansen, M. A. K., Oyama, T., Pasaribu, B., Schubert, I., Sorrels, S., Sree, K. S., Xu, S., Michael, T. P., & Lam, E. 2021. Return of the Lemnaceae: Duckweed as a model plant system in the genomics and postgenomics era. Plant Cell 33: 3207-3234.

Acosta, M. C. [et al. 2006], Ordóñez, A. del V., Cocucci, A. A., & Moscone, E. A. 2006. Chromosome reports in South American Nicotianeae (Solanaceae), with particular reference to Nierembergia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 634-646.

Acosta, J. M. [et al. 2009], Perreta, M., Amsler, A., & Vegetti, A. C. 2009. The flowering unit in the synflorescences of Amaranthaceae. Bot. Review 75: 365-376.

Acosta, J. M. [et al. 2019], Zuloaga, F. O., & Reinheimer, R. 2019. Nuclear phylogeny and hypothesized allopolyploidization events in the subtribe Otachyriinae (Paspaleae, Poaceae). Syst. Biodiv. 17: 277-294.

Ács, Z. [et al. 2009], Challis, R. J., Bihari, P., Blaxter, M., Hayward, A., Melika, G., Csóka, G., Pénzes, Z., Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L., Schönrogge, K., & Stone, G. N. 2010 [= 2009]. Phylogeny and DNA barcoding of inquiline oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Western Palaearctic. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 55: 210-225.

Acuña, R. [et al. 2017], Fließwasser, S., Ackermann, M., Henning, T., Luebert, F., & Weigend, M. 2017. Phylogenetic relationships and generic re-arrangements in "South Andean loasas" (Loasaceae). Taxon 66: 385-378.

Acuña Castillo, R. [et al. 2019], Luebert, F., Henning, T., & Weigend, M. 2019. Major lineages of Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae diversified during the Andean uplift. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 141:106616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106616

Acuña-Castillo, R. [et al. 2021], Romolereux, K., Luebert, F., Henning, T., & Weigend, M. 2021. Morphological, ecological and geographical evolution of the Neotropical genus Nasa (Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 196: 480-505.

Adachi, J. [et al. 1995], Kosuge, K., Denda, T., & Watanabe, K. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae based on partial sequences of the gapA gene. Pp. 351-353, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Adachi, S. A. [et al. 2015], Machado, S. R., & Guimarães, E. 2015. Structural and ultrastructural characterization of the floral lip in Gongora bufonia (Orchidaceae): Understanding the slip-and-fall pollination mechanism. Botany 93: 759-768.

Adam, H. [et al. 2007], Jouannic, S., Morcillo, F., Verdeil, J.-L., Duval, Y., & Tregear, J. W. 2007. Determination of flower structure in Elaeis guineensis: Do palms use the same homeotic genes as other species? Ann. Bot. 100: 1-12.

Adamczyk, B. [et al. 2010], Smolander, A., Kitunen, V., & Godlewski, M. 2010. Proteins as nitrogen source for plants. A short story about exudation of proteases by plant roots. Plant Signall. Behav. 5: 817-819.

Adamec, L. 2009. Ecophysiological investigation on Drosophyllum lusitanicum: Why doesn't the plant dry out? Carniv. Plant Newsl. 38: 71-74.

Adamec, L. 2011a. Functional characteristics of traps of aquatic carnivorous Utricularia species. Aquatic Bot. 95: 226-233.

Adamec, L. 2011b. Ecophysiological look at plant carnivory. Why are plants carnivorous? Pp. 457-489, in Seckbach, J., & Dubinsky, Z. (eds), All Flesh is Grass: Plant-Animal Interrelationships. Springer, Dordrecht.

Adamec, L. 2012. News in ecophysiological research on aquatic Utricularia traps. Carniv. Plants Newsl. 41: 92-104.

Adamec, L., & Poppinga, S. 2016. Measurement of critical negative pressure inside traps of aquatic carnivorous Utricularia species. Aquatic Bot. 133: 10-16.

Adamec, L. [et al. 2006], Kohout, P., & Benes, K. 2006. Root anatomy of three carnivorous plant species. Carniv. Plant Newsl. 35: 19-22.

Adamec, L. [et al. 2021], Matusíková, I., & Pavolic, A. 2021. Recent ecophysiological, biochemical and evolutional insights into plant carnivory. Ann. Bot. 128: 241-259.

Adams, B. J. [et al. 2017], Schnitzer, S. A., & Yanoviak, S. P. 2017. Trees as islands: Canopy ant species richness increases with the size of liana-free trees in a Neotropical forest. Ecography 40: 1067-1075.

Adams, D. G. 2002. Cyanobacteria in symbiosis with hornworts and liverworts. Pp. 117-135, in Rai, A. N., Bergman, B., & Rasmussen, U. (eds), Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Adams, D. G., & Duggan, P. S. 2008. Cyanobacteria-bryophyte symbioses. J. Experim. Bot. 59: 1047-1058.

Adams, D. G. [et al. 2006], Bergman, B., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. A., Rai, A. N., & Schubler, A. 2006. Cyanobacterial-plant symbioses. Pp. 331-363, in Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, K.-H., & Stackebrandt, E. (eds), The Prokaryotes, Vol. 1. Springer, New York.

Adams, F. [et al. 2006], Reddell, P., Webb, M. J., & Shipton, W. A. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas on Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae) trees and seedlings in native forests of tropical north-eastern Australia. Australian J. Bot. 54: 271-281.

Adams, K. L., & Palmer, J. D. 2003. Evolution of mitochondrial gene content: Gene loss and transfer to the nucleus. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 29: 380-395.

Adams, K. L., & Wendel, J. F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 8: 135-141.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2001], Rosenblueth, M., Qiu, Y.-L., & Palmer, J. D. 2001. Multiple losses and transfers to the nucleus of two mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase genes during angiosperm evolution. Genetics 158: 1289-1300.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2002a], Daly, D. O, Whelan, J., & Palmer, J. D. 2002a. Genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in flowering plants are derived from their chloroplast or cytosolic counterparts. Plant Cell 14: 931-943.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2002b], Qiu, Y.-L., Stoutemyer, M., & Palmer, J. D. 2002b. Punctuated evolution of mitochondrial gene content: High and variable rates of mitochondrial gene loss and transfer to the nucleus during angiosperm evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 99: 9905-9912.

Adams, J. E. 1949. Studies in the comparative anatomy of the Cornaceae. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 65: 219-244.

Adams, J. M. [et al. 2011], Ahn, S., Ainuddin, N., & Lee, M.-L. 2011. A further test of a palaeoecological thermometer: Tropical rainforests have more herbivore damage than temperate forests. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 164: 60-66.

Adams, L. G. 1987. Philydraceae. Pp. 40-45, in George, A. S. (ed.), Flora of Australia. Volume 35. Hydatellaceae to Liliaceae. Australian Government, Canberra.

Adams, M. A. [et al. 2016], Turnbull, T. N., Sprent, J. I., & Buchmann, N. 2016. Legumes are different: Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 113: 4098-4103.

Adams, N. F. [et al. 2016], Collinson, M. E., Smith, S. Y., Bamford, M. K., Forest, F., Malakasi, P., Marone, F., & Sykes, D. 2016. X-rays and virtual taphonomy resolve the first Cissus (Vitaceae) macrofossils from Africa as early-diverging members of the genus. American J. Bot. 103: 1657-1677.

Adams, P. [et al. 1998], Nelson, D. E., Yamada, S. Chmara, W., Jensen, R. G., Bohnert, H. J. ,& Griffiths, H. 1998. Growth and development of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae). New Phytol. 138: 171-190.

Adams, P. B. 2011. Systematics of Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae) with special reference to Australian taxa. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 166: 105-126.

Adams, R. P. 2010. Junipers of the World: The Genus Juniperus. Ed. 3. Trafford, Bloomington, IN.

Adams, R. P. 2019. Inheritance of chloroplasts and mitochondria in conifers: A review of paternal, maternal, leakage and facultative inheritance. Phytologia 101: 134-138.

Adams, R. P., & Schwarzbach, A. 2013. Phylogeny of Juniperus using nrDNA and four cpDNA regions. Phytologia 95: 179-187.

Adams, S. P. [et al. 2001], Hartman, T. P. V., Lim, K. Y., Chase, M. W., Bennett, M. D., Leitch, I. J., & Leitch, A. R. 2001. Loss and recovery of Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequences 5'-(TTTAGGG)_n-3' in the evolution of a major radiation of flowering plants. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 268: 1541-1546.

Adamson, R. S. 1958a. The South African species of Aizoaceae. IV. Mollugo, Pharnaceum, Coelanthum and Hypertelis. J. South African Bot. 24: 11-65.

Adamson, R. S. 1958b. The South African species of Aizoaceae. V. Corbichonia. J. South African Bot. 24: 67-69.

Adamson, R. S. 1959. The South African species of Aizoaceae. VI. Acrosanthes. J. South African Bot. 25: 23-28.

Adatia, R. D., & Gavde, S. G. 1962. Embryology of the Celastraceae. Pp. 1-11, in Maheshwari, P. (ed.), Plant Embryology - a Symposium. CSIR, New Delhi.

Addo-Fordjour, P., & Rahmad, Z. B. 2015. Liana assemblages in tropical forests of Africa and Southeast Asia: Diversity, abundance and management. Pp. 81-98, in Parthasaranthy, N. (ed.), Biodiversity of Lianas. Springer, Heidelberg.

Adhikari, B. [et al. 2015], Milne, R., Pennington, R. T., Särkinen, T., & Pendry, C. A. 2015. Systematics and biogeography of Berberis s.l. inferred from nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. Taxon 64: 39-48.

Adie, H., & Lawes, M. J. 2011. Podocarps in Africa: Temperate zone relicts or rainforest survivors? Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 45: 79-100.

Adjoud-Sadadou, D., & Halli-Hargas, R. 2000. Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on aged Eucalyptus. Mycorrhiza 9: 287-290.

Adlassnig, W. [et al. 2005], Peroutka, M., Lambers, H., & Lichtscheidl, I. K. 2005. The roots of carnivorous plants. Plant and Soil 274: 127-140.

Adlassnig, W. [et al. 2011], Peroutka, M., & Lendl, T. 2011. Traps of carnivorous pitcher plants as a habitat: Composition of the fluid, biodiversity and mutualistic activities. Ann. Bot. 107: 181-194.

Adler, I. [et al. 1997], Barabé, D., & Jean, R. V. 1997. A history of the study of phyllotaxis. Ann. Bot. 80: 231-244.

Adler, L. S. 2000. Alkaloid uptake increases fitness in a hemiparasitic plant via reduced herbivory and increased pollination. American Naturalist 156: 92-99.

Adler, L. S. 2002. Host effects on herbivory and pollination in a hemiparasitic plant. Ecology 83: 2700-2710.

Adler, L. S. 2003. Host species affects herbivory, pollination, and reproduction in experiments with parasitic Castilleja. Ecology 84: 2083-2091.

Adler, L. S., & Wink, M. 2001. Transfer of quinolizidine alkaloids from hosts to hemiparasites in two Castilleja-Lupinus associations: Analysis of floral and vegetative tissues. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29: 551-561.

Adler, P. B. [et al 2006], HilleRisLambers, J., Kyriakidis, P. C., Guan, G., & Levine, J. M. 2006. Climate variability has a stabilizing effect on the coexistence of prairie grasses. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 102: 12793-12798. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0600599103

Adler, P. B. [et al. 2011], Seabloom, E. W., Borer, E. T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W. S., O'Halloran, L. R., Grace, J. B., Anderson, T. M., Bakker, J. D., Biederman, L. A., Brown, C. S., Buckley, Y. M., Calabrese, L. B., Chu, C.-J., Cleland, E. S., Collins, S. L., Cottingham, K. L., Crawley, M. J., Damschen, E. I., Davies, K. F., DeCrappeo, N. M., Fay, P. A., Firn, J., Frater, P., Gasarch, E. I., Gruner, D. S., Nagenah, N., HilleRisLambers, J., Humphries, H., Jin, V. L., Kay, A. D., Kirkman, K. P., Klein, J. A., Knops, J. M. H., La Pierre, K. J., Lambrinos, J. G., Li, W., Macdougall, A. S., McCulley, R. L., Melbourne, B. A., Mitchell, C. E., Moore, J. L., Morgan, J. W., Mortenson, B., Orrock, J. L., Prober, S. M., Pyke, D. A., Risch, A. C., Schuetz, M., Stevens, C. J., Sullivan, L. L., Wang, G., Wragg, P. D., Wright, J. P., & Yang, L. H. 2011. Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness. Science 333: 1750-1753.

Adsersen, A. [et al. 2007], Smitt, U. W., Simonsen, H. T., Christensen, S. B., & Jaroszewski, J. W. 2007. Prenylated acetophenones from Melicope obscura and Melicope obtusifolia ssp. obtusifolia var. arborea and their distribution in Rutaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol 35: 447-453.

Aecyo, P. [et al. 2021], Marques, A., Huettel, B., Silva, A., Esposito, T., Ribeiro, E., Leal, I. R., Gagnon, E., Souza, G., & Pedrosa-Harand, A. 2021. Plastome evolution in the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) and its application in phylogenomics and populations genetics. Planta 254:27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03655-8

Aedo, C. [et al. 1998], Garmendia, F. M., & Pando, F. 1998. World checklist of Geranium L. (Geraniaceae). An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 56: 211-252.

Aedo, C. [et al. 2005], Navarro, C., & Alarcón, M. L. 2005. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Andina and Chilensia (Geraniaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 149: 1-68.

Aerne-Hains, L., & Simpson, M. G. 2017 [= 2016]. Vegetative anatomy of the Haemodoraceae and its phylogenetic significance. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 178: 117-156.

Aerts, R. 1997. Climate, leaf litter chemistry and leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: A triangular relationship. Oikos 79: 439-449.

Affenzeller, M. [et al. 2018], Kadereit, J. W., & Comes, H. P. 2018. Parallel bursts of recent and rapid radiation in the Mediterranean and Eritreo-Arabian biodiversity hotspots as revealed by Globularia and Campylanthus (Plantaginaceae). J. Biogeog. 45: 552-566.

Afkhami, M. E. 2012. Fungal endophyte-grass symbioses are rare in the California floristic province and other regions with Mediterranean-influenced climates. Fungal Ecol. 5: 345-352.

Afkhami, M. E., & Stinchcombe, J. R. 2016. Multiple mutualist effects on genomewide expression in the tripartite association between Medicago trunctula, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. Molec. Ecol. 25: 4946-4962.

Afkhami, M. E. [et al. 2014], McIntyre, P. J., & Strauss, S. Y. 2014. Mutualist-mediated effects on species' range limits across large geographic scales. Ecol. Lett. 17: 1265-1273.

Afkhami, M. E. [et al. 2017], Mahler, D. L., Burns, J. H., Weber, M. G., Wojciechowski, M. F., Sprent, J., & Strauss, S. Y. 2018 [= 2017]. Symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Nodulation and phylogenetic data across legume genera. Ecology 99: 502. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2110

Agapakis, C. M. [et al. 2014], Lum, M. R., Angus, A. A., & Hirsch, A. M. 2014. Legume nodule development and host range of the ß-rhizobial genus Burkholderia. P. 348, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Agarwal, M. [et al. 2005], Gupta, S., & Painuly, V. 2005. Xylotomic study of the family Sapindaceae: Microstructure, systematics and ecological trends. Indian Forester 131: 1024-1040.

Agarwal, S. 1961a. The embryology of Strombosia Blume. Phytomorph. 11: 269-272.

Agarwal, S. 1961b. The synergid haustoria of Quinchamalium chilense Lam. Nature 192: 1313-1314.

Agarwal, S. 1962. Embryology of Quinchamalium chilense Lam. Pp. 162-169, in Plant Embryology - a Symposium. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.

Agarwal, S. 1963a. Morphological and embryological studies in the family Olacaceae - I. Olax L.. Phytomorph. 13: 185-196.

Agarwal, S. 1963b. Morphological and embryological studies in the family Olacaceae - II. Strombosia Blume. Phytomorph. 13: 345-356.

Agee, J. K. 1998. Fire and pine ecosystems. Pp. 193-218, in Richardson, D. M. (ed.), Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Agerbirk, N., & Olsen, C. E. 2012. Glucosinolate structures in evolution. Phytochem. 77: 16-45.

Agerbirk, N. [et al. 2008], Warwick, S. I., Hansen, P. R., & Olsen, C. E. 2008. Sinapis phylogeny and evolution of glucosinolates and specific nitrile degrading enzymes. Phytochem. 69: 2937-2949.

Agerbirk, N. [et al. 2010], Olsen, C. E., Poulsen, E., Jacobsen, N., & Hansen, P. R. 2010. Complex metabolism of aromatic glucosinolates in Pieris rapae caterpillars involving nitrile formation, hydroxylation, demethylation, sulfation and host plant dependent carboxylic acid formation. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 40: 126-137.

Agerbirk, N. [et al. 2021a], Hansen, C. C., Olsen, C. E., Kiefer, C., Hauser, T. P., Christensen, S., Jensen, K. R., Ørgaard, M., Pattison, D. J., Lange, C. B. A., Cipollini, D., & Koch, M. A. 2021a. Glucosinolate profiles and phylogeny im Barbarea compared to other tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) and Resda (Resedaceae), based on a library of ion trap HPLC-MS/MS data of reference desulfoglucosinolates. Phytochem. 185:112658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112658

Agerbirk, N. [et al. 2021b], Hansen, C. C., Kiefer, C., Hauser, T. P., Ørgaard, M., Lange, C. B. A., Cipollini, D., & Koch, M. A. 2021b. Comparison of glucosinolate diversity in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae and the remaining order Brassicales highlights repetitive evolutionary loss and gain of biosynthetic steps. Phytochem. 185:112668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112668

Agerer, R. 2001. Exploration types of ectomycorrhizae: A proposal to classify ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems according to their patterns of differentiation and putative ecological importance. Mycorrhiza 11: 107-114.

Agnew, A. D. Q. [et al. 1993], Rapson, G. L., Sykes, M. T., & Bastow Wilson, J. 1993. The functional ecology of Empodisma minus (Hook, f.) Johnson & Cutler in New Zealand ombrotrophic mires. New Phytol. 124: 703-710. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03861.x

Agrawal, A. A. 2017. Monarchs and Milkweed A Migrating Butterfly, a Poisonous Plant, and The Remarkable Story of Coevolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Agrawal, A. A., & Fishbein, M. 2006. Plant defense syndromes. Ecology 87:(Supplement, 7) S132-S149.

Agrawal, A. A., & Fishbein, M. 2008. Phylogenetic escalation and decline of plant defense strategies. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 10057-10060.

Agrawal, A. A., & Hastings, A. P. 2023. Tissue-specific plant toxins and adaptation in a specialist root herbivore. Proic. National Acas. Sci. 120(22):e2302251120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.230225112

Agrawal, A. A., & Konno, K. 2009. Latex: A model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review Ecol. Evol. Syst. 40: 311-331.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2008], Lejeunesse, M. J., & Fishbein, M. 2008. Evolution of latex and its constituent defensive chemisty in milkweeds (Asclepias): A phylogenetic test of plant defense escalation. Entomol. Experim. Applic. 128: 126-138.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2009a], Salminen, J.-P., & Fishbein, M. 2009a. Phylogenetic trends in phenolic metabolism of milkweeds (Asclepias): Evidence for escalation. Evolution 63: 663-673.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2009b], Fishbein, M., Halitschke, R., Hastings, A. P., Rabosky, D. L., & Rasmann, S. 2009b. Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 18067-18072.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2009c], Fishbein, M., Jetter, R., Salminen, J.-P., Goldstein, J. B., Freitag, A. E., & Sparks, J. P. 2009. Phylogenetic ecology of leaf surface traits in the milkweeds (Asclepias spp.): Chemistry, ecophysiology, and insect behavior. New Phytol. 183: 848-867.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2012], Petschenka, G., Bingham, R. A., Weber, M. G., & Rasmann, S. 2012. Toxic cardenolides: Chemical ecology and coevolution of specialized plant-herbivore interactions. New Phytol. 194: 28-45.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2015], Rasmann, S., & Fishbein, M. 2015. Macroevolutionary trends in the defense of milkweeds against monarchs: Latex, cardenolides, and tolerance of herbivory. Pp. 47-59, in Oberhauser, K., Altizer, S., & Nail, K. (eds), Monarchs in a Changing World: Biology and Conservation of an Iconic Insect. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2018], Ali, A., Johnson, M. D., Hastings, A. P., Bunge, D., & Weber, M. G. 2018. Toxicity of the spiny thick-foot Pachypodium. American J. Bot. 105: 677-686.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2021], Böröczky, K., Haribal, M., Hastings, A. P., White, R. A., Jiang, R.-W., & Duplais, C. 2021. Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 118(16):e2024463118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024463118

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2022], del Alba, L. E., López-Goldar, X., Hastings, A. P., White, R. A., Halitschke, R., Dobler, S., Petschenka, G., & Duplais, C. 2022. Functional evidence supports adaptive plant chemical defence along a geographical cline. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 119(25):e2052073119. https://doi.org/10.1013/pnas.2052073119

Agrawal, J. S. 1952. The embryology of Lilaea subulata H.B.K. with a discusion on its systematic position. Phytomorph. 2: 15-29.

Águeda, B. [et al. 2014], Parlade, J., Fernández-Toirán, M., Martínez-Peña, F., & de Miguel, A. M. 2014. How ectomycorrhizae structures boost the root system? Pp. 171-191, in Morte, A., & Varma, A. (eds), Root Engineering. Springer, Berlin. [Soil Biology vol. 40.]

Aguiar A. J. C. [et al. 2019], Melo, G. A. R., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Gonçalves, R. B., & Giuliano, L., Martins, A. C. 2019. Biogeography and early diversification of Tapinotaspidini oil-bees support presence of Paleocene savannas in South America. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 143:106692. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.10669

Aguilar-Cano, J. [et al. 2023], Guzmán-Guzmán, S., & Lopera-Toro, A. 2023. Thismia andicola sp. nov. (Thismiaceae): A new species from the northern Andes in Colombia. Phytotaxa 579: 107-116.

Aguilar-Cruz, Y. [et al. 2021], García-Franco, J. G., & Zotz, G. 2022 [= 2021]. Litter-trapping tank bromeliads in five different forests: Carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes. Biotropica 54: 170-180.

Aguilar-Meléndez, A. [et al. 2009], Morrell, P. L., Roose, M. L., & Kim, S.-C. 2009. Genetic diversity and structure in semiwild and domesticated chiles (Capsicum anuum; Solanaceae) from Mexico. American J. Bot. 96: 1190-1202.

Aguilar-Ortigoza, C. J., & Sosa, V. 2004. The evolution of toxic phenolic compounds in a group of Anacardiaceae genera. Taxon 53: 357-364.

Aguilar-Ortigoza, C. J. [et al. 2003], Sosa, V., & Aguilar-Ortigosa, M. 2003. Toxic phenols in various Anacardiaceae species. Econ. Bot. 57: 354-364.

Aguilar-Eodríguez, P. A. [et al. 2019], Krömer. T., Tschapka, M., García-Franco, J. G., Escobedo-Sarti, J., & MacSwiney G., M. C. 2019. Bat polleination in Bromeliaceae. Plant Ecol. Evol. 12: 1-19.

Aguirre-Santoro, J. [et al. 2015], Betancur, J., Brown, G. K., Evans, T. M., Salgueiro, F., Alves-Ferreira, M., & Wendt, T. 2015. Is Ronnbergia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) a geographically disjunct genus? Evidence from morphology and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Phytotaxa 219: 261-275.

Aguirre-Santoro, J. [et al. 2016], Michelangeli, F., & Stevenson, D. W. 2016. Molecular phylogenetics of the Ronnbergia alliance (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) and insights into their molecular evolution. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 100: 1-20.

Aguirre-Santoro, J. [et al. 2019], Salinas, N. R., & Michelangeli, F. A. 2020 [= 2019]. The influence of floral variation and geographic disjunction on the evolutionary dynamics of Ronnbergia and Wittmackia (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 192: 609-624.

Ahedor, A. R., & Elisens, W. 2015. Seed morphology and its taxonomic significance in the subtribe Gratiolinae (Plantaginaceae). Syst. Bot. 40: 845-852.

Ahern, C. P., & Staff, I. A. 1994. Symbiosis in cycads: The origin and development of coralloid roots in Macrozamia communis (Cycadaceae). American J. Bot. 81: 1559-1570.

Ahimsa-Müller, A. A. [et al. 2007], Markert, A., Hellwig, S., Knoop, V., Steiner, U., Drewke, C., & Leistner, E. 2007. Clavicipitaceous fungi associated with ergoline-containing Convolvulaceae. J. Natural Prod. 70: 1955-1960.

Ahlquist, T. K. [et al. 2009], Howard, J. M., Farrugia, F. T., & Wojciechowski, M. F. 2009. A genus-level phylogeny of the inverted-repeat lacking clade of legumes. P. 201, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Ahlstrand, N. I. [et al. 2019], Verstraete, B., Hassemer, G., Dunbar-Co, S., Hoggard, R., Meudt, H. M., & Rønsted, N. 2019. Ancestral range reconstruction of remote oceanic island species of Plantago (Plantaginaceae) reveals differing scales and modes of dispersal. J. Biogeog. 46: 706-722.

Ahmad, S. M. [et al. 2009], Hoot, S. B., Qazi, P. H., & Verma, V. 2009. Phylogenetic patterns and genetic diversity of Indian Tinospora species based on chloroplast sequence data and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. Plant Syst. Evol. 281: 87-96.

Ahmed, S. [et al. 2009], Compton, S. G., Butlin, R. K., & Gilmartin, P. M. 2009. Wind-borne insects mediate directional pollen transfer between desert fig trees 160 kilometers apart. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 20342-20347.

Ahn, S.-M. [et al. 2023], Kim, H.-Y., & Heo, K. 2023. Seed and seed coat morphology in monotypic and endemic genera of Korean angiosperms. Korean J. Plant Tax. 53: 102-109.

Ahonen, L. [et al. 2003], Muaona, J., & Piippo, S. 2003. Inferring the phylogeny of the Lejeunaceae (Jungermanniopsida): A first appraisal of molecular data. Bryologist 106: 297-308.

Ahrendt, L. W. A. 1961. Berberis and Mahonia, a taxonomic revision. J. Linnean Soc. (Bot.) 57: 1-410.

Ahrens, D. [et al. 2014], Schwarzer, J., & Vogler, A. P. 2014. The evolution of scarab beetles tracks the sequential rise of angiosperms and mammals. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 281:20141470. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1470

Ahuja, M. R., & Neale, D. B. 2005. Evolution of genome size in conifers. Silvae Genet. 54: 126-137.

Aiba, S. [et al. 2007], Hanya, G., Tsujino, R., Takyu, M., Seino, T., Kimura, K., & Kitayama, K. 2007. Comparative study of additive basal area of conifers in forest ecosystems along elevational gradients. Ecol. Res., 22: 439-450.

Aïnouche, A.-K., & Bayer, R. J. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships in Lupinus (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) based on internal transcribed sequences (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American J. Bot. 86: 590-607.

Aïnouche, A.-K. [et al. 2004], Bayer, R. J., & Misset, M.-T. 2004. Molecular phylogeny, diversification and character evolution in Lupinus (Fabaceae), with special attention to Mediterranean and African lupines. Plant Syst. Evol. 246: 211-222.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1953 [1952]. On the Dioncophyllaceae, a remarkable new family of flowering plants. Kew Bull. 6: 327-347.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1954. Pentaphragmataceae. Pp. 517-528, in Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 4. Noordhoff, Groningen.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1958. "Unrelated" foodplants? Entomol. Monthly Mag. 94: 232.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1965. On a new species of the genus Silvianthus Hook. f., and on the family Carlemanniaceae. Kew Bull. 19: 507-512.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1966. Willis, J. C. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Ed. 7, revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1973. Willis, J. C. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Ed. 8, revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Airy Shaw, H. K. [et al. 1973], Cutler, D. E., & Nilsson, S. 1973. Pottingeria, its taxonomic position, anatomy and palynology. Kew Bull. 28: 97-104.

Aiso, H. [et al. 2013], Hiraiwa, T., Ishiguri, F., Iizuka, K., Yokota, S., & Yoshizawa, N. 2013. Anatomy and lignin distribution of "compression-wood-like reaction wood" in Gardenia jasminoides. IAWA J. 34: 263-272.

Aiso, H. [et al. 2014], Ishiguri, F., Takashima, Y., Iizuka, K., & Yokota, S. 2014. Reaction wood anatomy in a vessel-less angiosperm Sarcandra glabra. IAWA J. 35: 116-126.

Aiso, H. [et al. 2016], Ishiguri, F., Ohkubo, T., & Yokota, S. 2016. Tension-like reaction wood in vessel-less Tetracentron sinense. IAWA J. 37: 372-382.

Aitzen, M. A. [et al. 2012], Sabatino, M., & Tylianakis, J. M. 2012. Specialization and rarity predict norandom loss of interactions from mutualistic networks. Science 335: 1486-1489.

Aitzetmüller, K. 1995. Fatty acid patterns of Ranunculaceae seed oils. Pp. 229-240, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Aitzetmüller, K. 1996. An unusual fatty acid pattern in Eranthis seed oil. Lipids 31: 201-205.

Aitzetmüller, K. 2012. Santalbic acid in the plant kingdom. Plant Syst. Evol. 298: 1609-1617.

Aitzetmüller, K., & Vosmann, K. 1998. Cyclopropenoic fatty acids in gymnosperms: The seed oil of Welwitschia. J. American Oil Chemists' Soc. 75: 1761-1765.

Aitzetmüller, K. [et al. 1997a], Tsevegsüren, N., & Vosmann, K. 1997a. A new allenic fatty acid in Phlomis (Lamiaceae) seed oil. European J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 99: 74-78.

Aitzetmüller, G. [et al. 1997b], Werner, G., & Ivanov, S. A. 1997b. Seed oils of Nigella species and closely related genera. Oleag. Corps Gras Lipides 4: 385-388.

Aitzetmüller, K. [et al. 1999], Tsevegsüren, N., & Werner, G. 1999. Seed oil fatty acid patterns of the Aconitum-Delphinium-Helleborus complex (Ranunculaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 215: 37-47.

Ajani, Y. [et al. 2008], Ajani, A., Cordes, J. M., Watson, M. F., & Downie, S. R. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences reveals relationships within five groups of Iranian Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. Taxon 57: 383-401.

Ajani, Y. [et al. 2016], Bull-Hereñu, K., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2016. Patterns of flower development in Apiaceae-Apioideae. Flora 221: 38-45.

Akagi, T., & Charlesworth, D. 2019. Pleiotropic effects of sex-determining genes in the evolution of dioecy in two plant species. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 286:20191805. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1805

Akagi, T. [et al. 2019], Pilkington, S. M. Varkonyi-Gasic, E., Henry, I. M., Sugano, S. S., Sonoda, M., Firl, A., McNeilage, M. A., Douglas, M. J., Wang, T., Rebstock, R., Voogd, C., Datson, P., Allan, A. C., Beppu, K., Kataoka, I., & Tao, R. 2019. Two Y-chromosome-encoded genes determine sex in kiwifruit. Nature Plants 5: 801-809.

Aker, S., & Healy, W. 1990. The phytogeography of the genus Alstroemeria. Herbertia 46: 76-87.

Akhalkatsi, M., & Wagner, J. 1997. Comparative embryology of three Gentianaceae species from the Central Caucasus and the European Alps. Plant Syst. Ecol. 204: 39-48.

Akhani, H., & Ghasemkhani, M. 2007. Diversity of photosynthetic organs in Chenopodiaceae from Golestan National Park (N.E. Iran) based on carbon isotype composition and anatomy of leaves. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 131: 265-277.

Akhani, H. [et al. 1997], Trimborn, P., & Ziegler, H. 1997. Photosynthetic pathways in Chenopodiaceae from Africa, Australia and Europe with their ecological, phytogeographical and taxonomica; importantance. Plant Syst. Evol. 206: 187-221.

Akhani, H. [et al. 2007], Edwards, G., & Roalson, E. H. 2007. Diversification of the Old World Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast data sets and a revised classification. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 931-956.

Akhani, H. [et al. 2013], Malekmohammadi, M., Mahdavi, P., Gharibiyan, A., & Chase, M. W. 2013. Phylogenetics of the Irano-Turanian taxa of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) based on ITS nrDNA sequences and leaf anatomy provides evidence for species delimitation and relationships of lineages. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 171: 519-550.

Akhmetzhanova, A. A. [et al. 2012], Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Onipchenko, V. G., Cornwell, W. K., Agafonov, V. A., Selivanov, I., & Cornelissen, J. H. C. 2012 A rediscovered treasure: mycorrhizal intensity database for 3000 vascular plant species across the former Soviet Union. Ecology 93: 2012. [Ecological Archives E093-059].

Akiyama, K. [et al. 2010], Ogasawara, S., Ito, S., & Hayashi, H. 2010. Structural requirements of strigolactones for hyphal branching in AM fungi. Plant Cell. Physiol. 51: 1104-1117.

Aköz, G., & Nordborg, M. 2019. The Aquilegia genome reveals a hybrid origin of core eudicots. Genome Biol. 20:256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1888-8

Aköz, G., & Nordborg, M. 2020. Response to a "A reappraisal of the Aquilegia whole genome duplication." [See Shi & Chen 2020]. Genome Biol. 21:297. https://doi.oeg/10.1186/s13059-020-02211-z

Aksoy, A., & Atasagun, B. 2023. Pollen morphology of Scabiosa L. and Lomelosia Raf. (Caprifoliaceae) taxa in Türkiye. Turkish J. Bot. 47: 567-585.

Alakonya, A. [et al. 2012], Kumar, R., Koenig, D., Kimura, S., Townsley, B., Runo, S., Garces, H. M., Kang, J., Yanez, A., David-Schwartz, R., Machuka, J. & Sinha, N. R. 2012. Interspecific RNA interference of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS-Like disrupts Cuscuta pentagona plant parasitism. Plant Cell 24: 3153-3166.

Alali, F. Q. [et al. 1999], Liu, X.-X., & McLaughlin, J. L. 1999. Annonaceous acetogenins:? Recent progress. J. Natural Prod. 62: 504-540. https://doi.org/10.1021/np980406d

Alapetite, E. [et al. 2014], Baker, W. J., & Nadot, S. 2014. Evolution of stamen number in Ptychospermatinae (Arecaceae): Insights from a new molecular phylogeny of the subtribe. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 76: 227-240.

Alamsyah, F., & Ito, M. Phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae, based on internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 64: 113-126.

Alawfi, M. S., & Alzahrani, D. A. 2023 [= 2022]. Insights into the phylogenetic relationship of the lamiids orders based on whole chloroplast genome sequencing. J. King Saud Univ. - Sci. 35:102398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102398

Albach, D. C. 2008. Further arguments for the rejection of paraphyletic taxa: Veronica subgen. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae). Taxon 57: 1-6.

Albach, D. C., & Meudt, H. M. 2010. Phylogeny of Veronica in the Southern and Northern hemispheres based on plastid, nuclear ribosomal and nuclear low-copy DNA. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 54: 457-471.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 1998], Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., & Olmstead, R. G. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of Asteridae s.l. based on sequences of four genes. American J. Bot. 85(6, suppl.): 111-112.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001a], Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2001a. Patterns of embryological and biochemical evolution in the Asterids. Syst. Bot. 26: 242-262.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001b], Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E., & Olmstead, R. G. 2001b. Phylogenetic analysis of Asterids based on sequences of four genes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 163-212.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001c], Soltis, D. E., Chase, M. W., & Soltis, P. S. 2001c. Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic angiosperm Hydrostachys. Taxon 50: 781-805.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2004a], Martínez-Ortega, M. M., Fischer, M. A., & Chase, M. W. 2004a. A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae - problems and a possible solution. Taxon 53: 429-452.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2004b], Gotfredsen, C. H., & Jensen, S. R. 2004b. Iridoid glucosides of Paederota lutea and the relationships between Paederota and Veronica. Phytochem. 65: 2129-2134.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2004c], Martínez-Ortega, M. M., & Chase, M. W. 2004c. Veronica: Parallel morphological evolution and phylogeography in the Mediterranean. Plant Syst. Evol. 246: 177-194.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005a], Meudt, H. M., & Oxelman, B. 2005a. Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae. American J. Bot. 92: 297-315.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005b], Utteridge, T., & Wagstaff, S. J. 2005b. Origin of Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae, formerly Scrophulariaceae) on New Guinea. Syst. Bot. 30: 412-423.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005c], Jensen, S. R., Özgökce, F., & Grayer, R. J. 2005c. Veronica: Chemical characters for the support of phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 33: 1087-1106.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2007], Li, H.-Q., Zhao, N., & Jensen, S. R. 2007. Molecular systematics and phytochemistry of Rehmannia (Scrophulariaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 293-300.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2009], Yan, K., Jensen, S. R., & Li, H. Q. 2009. Phylogenetic placement of Triaenophora (formerly Scrophulariaceae) with some implications for the phylogeny of Lamiales. Taxon 58: 749-756.

Albach, C. C. [et al. 2021], Tsymbalyuk, Z. M., & Mosyakin, S. L. 2021. Pollen morphology of Ellisophyllum and Sibthorpia (Plantaginaceae, tribe Sibthorpieae) and phylogenetics of the tribe. Plant Syst. Evol. 207:66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01786-9

Albers, F., & Becker, M. 2020. Phylogeny and speciation in succulent Geraniaceae (Geraniales). Schumannia 6: 59-67. [Biodivers. Ecol. 3.]

Albers, F., & Meve, U. 2001. A karyological survey of Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae and Secamonoideae, and evolutionary considerations within Apocynaceae s.l. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 624-656.

Albers, F., & Meve, U. (eds.). 2002. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Asclepiadaceae. Springer, Berlin.

Albers, F., & Becker, M. 2020. Phylogeny and speciation in succulent Geraniaceae (Geraniales). Schumannia 6: 59-67. [Biodivers. Ecol. 3.]

Albers, F., & Meve, U. (eds). 2002. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Asclepiadaceae. Springer, Berilin.

Albers, F., & van der Walt, J. J. A. 2006. Geraniaceae. Pp. 157-167, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume IX. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales.... Springer, Berlin.

Albers, P., & van der Maesen, L. J. G. 1994. Pollination of Apocynaceae. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 94(3): 61-81.

Albert, B. [et al. 2010], Matamoro-Vidal, A., Raquin, C., & Nadot, S. 2010. Formation and function of a new pollen aperture pattern in angiosperms: The proximal sulcus of Tillandsia leiboldiana (Bromeliaceae). American J. Bot. 97: 365-368.

Albert, B. [et al. 2011], Ressayre, A., & Nadot, S. 2011. Correlation between pollen aperture pattern and callose deposition in late tetrad stage in three species producing atypic pollen grains. American J. Bot. 98: 189-196.

Albert, B. [et al. 2014], Toghranegar, Z., & Nadot, S. 2014. Diversity and evolution of microsporogenesis in Bromeliaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 176: 36-45.

Albert, V. A. 1994. Cladistic relationships of the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae) from congruent morphological and molecular data. Lindl;eyana 9: 115-132.

Albert, V. A., & Stevenson, D. W. 1996. Morphological cladistics of the Nepenthales. American J. Bot. 83(6, suppl.): 135.

Albert, V. A., & Struwe, L. 1997. Phylogeny and classification of Voyria (saprophytic Gentianaceae). Brittonia 49: 466-479.

Albert, V. A. [et al. 1992], Williams, S. F., & Chase, M. W. 1992. Carnivorous plants: Phylogeny and structural evolution. Science 257: 1491-1494.

Albert, V. A. [et al. 1998], Gustaffson, M. H. G., & Dilaurenzio, L. 1998. Ontogenetic systematics, molecular developmental genetics, and the angiosperm petal. Pp. 349-374 in Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., & Doyle, J. J. (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants, II. New York, Kluwer.

Albini, F. M. [et al. 1999], Murelli, C., Finzi, P. V., Ferrarotti, M., Cantoni, B., Puliga, S., & Vazzana, C. 1999. Galactinol in the leaves of the resurrection plant Boea hygroscopica. Phytochem. 51: 499-505.

Albrecht, D. E. [et al. 2010], Owens, C. T., Weiller, C. M., & Quinn, C. J. 2010. Generic concepts in Ericaceae-Styphelioideae- the Monotoca group. Australian Syst. Bot. 23: 320-332.

Albrecht, J. [et al. 2023], Wappler, T., Fritz, S. A., & Schleuning, M. 2023. Fossil leaves reveal drivers of herbivore functional diversity during the Cenozoic. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 120(32):e2300514120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300514120

Albrizio, M. [et al. 1994], de Gara, L., de Benedetto, C., Arrigoni, O, Gallerani, R. 1994. Investigations of the coxII intron structure in the mitochondrial genomes of angiosperms. Plant Sci. 100: 179-186.

Alcantara, S., & Lohmann, L. G. 2010. Evolution of floral morphology and pollination system in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). American J. Bot. 97: 782-796.

Alcantara, S., & Lohmann, L. G. 2011. Contrasting phylogenetic signals and evolutionary rates in floral traits of Neotropical lianas. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 102: 378-390.

Alcantara, S. [et al. 2013], de Oliveira, F. B., & Lohmann, L. G. 2013. Phenotypic integration in flowers of Neotropical lianas: Diversification of form with stasis of underlying pattern. J. Evol. Biol. 26: 2283-2296.

Alcantara, S. [et al. 2014], Ree, R. H., Martins, F. R., & Lohmann, L. G. 2014. The effect of phylogeny, environment and morphology on communities of a Lianescent Clade (Bignonieae-Bignoniaceae) in Neotropical biomes. PLoS ONE 9(3):e90177. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090177

Alcantara, S. [et al. 2018], Ree, R. H., & Mello-Silva, R. 2018. Accelerated diversification and functional trait evolution in Velloziaceae reveal new insights into the origins of the campos rupestres' exceptional floristic richness. Ann. Bot. 122: 165-180.

Aldasoro, J. J. [et al. 2000], Aedo, C., & Navarro, C. 2000. Insect attracting structure on Erodium petals (Geraniaceae). Plant Biol. (Stuttgart) 2: 471-481.

Aldasoro, J. J. [et al. 2001], Navarro, C., Vargas, P., & Aedo, C. 2001. Anatomy, morphology, and cladistic analysis of Monsonia L. (Geraniaceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 59: 75-100.

Aldasoro, J. J. [et al. 2005], Aedo, C., & Navarro, C. 2005. Phylogenetic and phytogeographical relationships in Maloideae (Rosaceae) based on morphological and anatomical characters. Blumea 50: 3-32.

Aldous, S. H. [et al. 2014], Weise, S. E., Sharkey, T. D., Waldera-Lupa, D. M., Stühler, K., Mallmann, J., Groth, G., Gowik, U., Westhoff, P., & Arsova, B. 2014. Evolution of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein kinase family in C₃ and C₄ Flaveria spp.. Plant Physiol. 165: 1076-1091.

Aleamotu'a, M. [et al. 2018], Tai, Y.-T., McCurdy, D. M., & Collings, D. A. 2018. Developmental biology and induction of phi thickenings by abiotic stress in roots of the Brassicaceae. Plants 7(2):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants7020047

Aleamotu'a, M. [et al. 2019], McCurdy, D. W., & Collings, D. A. 2019. Phi thickenings in roots: Novel secondary wall structures responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses. J. Experim. Bot. 70: 4631-4641.

Alejandro, G. C. D. [et al. 2005], Razafimandimbison, S. G., & Liede-Schumann, S. 2005. Polyphyly of Musssaenda inferred from ITS and trnT-F data and its implications for generic limits in Mussaendeae (Rubiaceae). American J. Bot. 92: 544-555.

Alejandro, G. C. D. [et al. 2011], Meve, U., Mouly, A., Thiv, M., & Liede-Schumann, S. 2011. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the Philippine endemic Villaria Rolfe (Rubiaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 296: 1-20.

Alemán, M. [et al. 2014], Figueroa-Fleming, T., Etcheverry, Á., Sühring, S., & Ortega-Baes, P. 2014. The explosive pollination mechanism in Papilionoideae (Leguminosae): An analysis with three Desmodium species. Plant Syst. Evol. 300: 177-186.

Alemán, M. M. [et al. 2017], Hoc, P., Spahr, D. L., Yáñez, C., & Gómez, C. 2017. Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae. Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 52: 623-646.

Alemán, M. M. [et al. 2022], Hoc, P., Etcheverry, A, V., Ortega-Baes, P., Sühring, S., & Lopéz-Spahr, D. 2022. Morphological traits in keel flowers of Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) and their relationships with the pollination mechanisms. Plant Syst. Evol. 308:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01826-y

Alencar, A. C. [et al. 2020], Tölke, E. D., & Mayer, J. L. S. 2020. New perspectives on secretory structures in Clusia (Clusiaceae - Clusiod clade): Production of latex or resins? Botany 98: 161-172. dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0103

Alexander, I. J. 1989a. Mycorrhizas in tropical forests. Pp. 169-188, in Proctor, J. (ed.), Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forest and Savanna Ecosystems. Oxford, Blackwell. [British Ecological Society, Spec. Publ. 9.]

Alexander, I. J. 1989b. Systematics and ecology of ectomycorrhizal legumes. pp. 607-624, in Stirton, C. H., & Zarucchi, J. L. (eds), Advances in Legume Biology. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St Louis. [Monographs in Systematic Botany 29.]

Alexander, I. J. 2006. Ectomycorrhizas - out of Africa? New Phytol. 172: 589-591.

Alexander, I. J., & Lee, S. S. 2005. Mycorrhizas and ecosystem processes in tropical rain forest: Implications for diversity. Pp. 165-203, in Burslem, D. F. R. P., Pinard, M. A., & Hartley, S. E. (eds), Biotic Interactions in the Tropics: Their Role in the Maintenance of Species Diversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Alexander, P. J. [et al. 2013], Windham, M. D., Beck, J. B., Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Allphin, L., & Bailey, C. D. 2013. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the genus Boechera and related genera (Brassicaceae: Boechereae). Syst. Bot. 38: 192-209.

Alexandersson, R., & Johnson, S. D. 2002. Pollinator-mediated selection on flower-tube length in a hawkmoth-pollinated Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Proc. Royal Soc. B, 269: 631-636.

Alexandre, H. [et al. 2015], Vrignaud, J., Mangin, B., & Joly, S. 2015. Genetic architecture of pollination syndrome transition between hummingbird-specialist and generalist species in the genus Rhytidophyllum (Gesneriaceae). PeerJ 3e:1028. doi:10.7717/peerj.1028

Alexeyeva, N. 2008. Genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 11(2): 5-68. [In Russian.]

Alfaro Reyna, T. [et al. 2018], Retana, J., & Martínez-Vilalta, J. 2018. Is there a substitution of Pinaceae by Fagaceae in temperate forests at the global scale? Global Planet. Change 166: 41-47.

Alfaro Reyna, T. [et al. 2019], Martínez-Vilalta, J., & Retana, J. 2019. Regeneration patterns in Mexican pine-oak forests. Forest Ecosystems 6:50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0209-8

Alford, É. R. [et al. 2014], Lindblom, S. D., Pittarello, M., Freeman, J. L., Fakra, S. C., Marcus, M. A., Broeckling, C., Pilon-Smits, E. A. H., & Paschke, M. W. 2014. Roles of rhizobial symbionts in selenium hyperaccumulation in Astragalus (Fabaceae). American J. Bot. 101: 1895-1905.

Alford, M. H. 2003. Claves para los géneros de Flacourtiaceae de Perú y del Nuevo Mundo. Arnaldoa 10(2): 19-38.

Alford, M. H. 2005. Systematic Studies in Flacourtiaceae. Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell University.

Alford, M. H. 2006. Gerrardinaceae: A new family of African flowering plants unresolved among Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales. Taxon 55: 959-964.

Alford, M. H., & Dement, A. D. 2015. Irenodendron, a new genus of Samydaceae from South America. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 331-334.

Alford, M. H. [et al. 2009], Brantley, R. J., Hernández, C. L., & Samarakoon, T. 2009. What are the closest relatives of Salix and Populus? Pp. 166-167, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Algeo T. J. [et al. 2001], Scheckler, S. E., & Maynard, J. B. 2001. Effects of the Middle to Late Devonian spread of vascular land plants on weathering regimes, marine biotas, and global climate. Pp. 213-236, in Gensel, P. G., & Edwards, D. (eds), Plants Invade the Land: Evolutionary and Environmental Perspectives. Columbia University Press, New York.

Al-Hakkimi, A. S. [et al. 2017], Maideen, H., Saeed, A. A., Faridah, Q. Z., & Latiff, A. 2017. Pollen and seed morphology of Justicieae (Ruellioideae, Acanthaceae) of Yemen. Flora 233: 31-50.

Ali, A. [et al. 2024], Manchester, S. R., Patel, R., Rana, R. S., & Khan, M. A. 2024. The frst fossil of Ancistrocladus Wall. (Ancistrocladaceae) found from India. Brittonia 76: 62-73.

Ali, M. A. [et al. 2013], Al-Hemaid, F. M. A., Pandey, A. K., & Lee, J. 2013. Taxonomic significance of spermoderm pattern in Cucurbitaceae. Bangladesh J. Plant Tax. 20: 61-65.

Ali, J. G., & Agrawal, A. A. 2012. Specialist versus generalist insect herbivores and plane defense. Trends Plant Sci. 17: 293-302.

Ali, S. S. [et al. 2012], Yu, Y., Pfosser, M., & Wetschnig, W. 2012. Inferences of biogeographical histories within subfamily Hyacinthoideae using S-DIVA and Bayesian binary MCMC analysis implemented in RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies). Ann. Bot. 109: 95-107.

Ali, T. [et al 2016], Schmuker, A., Runge, F., Solovyeva, I., Nigrelle, L., Paule, J., Buch, A.-K., Xia, X., Ploch, S., Orren, O., Kummer, V., Linde-Laursen, I., Ørgaard, M., Hauser, T. P., Çelik, A., & Thines, M. 2016. Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Microthlaspi (Brassicaceae: Coluteocarpeae) and related genera. Taxon 65: 79-98.

Alibertis, A. 2015. The Self-Sown Orchids of Greece. Mystis, Iraklion, Crete.

Alicandri, E. [et al. 2020], Paolacci, A. R., Osadolor, S., Sorgonà, A., Badiani, M., & Ciaffi, M. 2020. On the evolution and functional diversity of terpene synthases in the Pinus species: A review. J. Molec. Evol. 88: 253-283.

Alice, L. A, & Campbell, C. S. 1999. Phylogeny of Rubus (Rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences. American J. Bot. 86: 81-97.

Aliscioni, N. L. [et al. 2021], Delbón, N., & Gurvich, D. E. 2021. Spine function in Cactaceae, a review. J. Prof. Assoc. Cactus Devel. 23: 1-11.

Aliscioni, S. S. [et al. 2003], Giussani, L. M., Zuloaga, F. O., & Kellogg, E. A. 2003. A molecular phylogeny of Panicum (Poaceae: Paniceae): Tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae. American J. Bot. 90: 796-821.

Aliscioni, S. [et al. 2011], Bell, H. L., Besnard, G., Christin, P.-A., Columbus, J. T., Duvall, M. R., Edwards, E. J., Giussani. L., Hasenstab-Lehman, K., Hilu, K. W., Hodkinson, T. R., Ingram, A. L., Kellogg, E. A., Mashayekhi, S., Morrone, O., Osborne, C. P., Salamin, N., Schaefer, H., Spriggs, E., Smith, S. A., & Zuloaga, F. 2012 [= 2011]. New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C₄ origins. New Phytol. 193; 304-312.

Aliscioni S. S. [et al. 2022], Gomiz N. E., Agüero J. I., & Torretta J. P. 2022. Structural diversity of elaiophores in Argentine species of Malpighiaceae: Morphology, anatomy, and interaction with pollinators. Protoplasma 259: 789-807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01699-x

Alkhalaf, I. A. [et al. 2009], Hübener, T., & Porembski, S. 2009. Prey spectra of aquatic Utricularia species (Lentibulariaceae) in northeastern Germany: The role of planktonic algae. Flora 204: 700-708.

Alkhalaf, I. A. [et al. 2011], Hübener, T., & Porembski, S. 2011. Microalgae trapped by carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae): Analysis, attributes and structure of the microalgae trapped. Plant Divers. Evol. 129: 125-138.

Allaby, R. G. 2023. Two domestications for grapes. Science 379: 880-881. [See also Dong et al. 2023.]

Allan, G. 2019a. Evidence of motile traps in Byblis. Carniv. Plants Newsl. 48: 51-63.

Allan, G. 2019b. Nocturnal and diurnal digestive responses in Byblis gigantea, Drosophyllum lusitanicum, and Roridula gorgonias. Carniv. Plants Newsl. 48: 64-73.

Allan, G. J. [et al. 2003], Zimmer, E. A., Wagner, W. L., & Sokoloff, D. D. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tribe Loteae (Leguminosae): Implications for classification and biogeography. Pp. 371-393, in Klitgaard, B. B., & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Part 10. Higher Level Systematics Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Allan G. J. [et al. 2004], Francisco-Ortega, J., Santos-Guerra, A., Boerner, E., & Zimmer, E. A. 2004. Evidence for the geographic origin and classification of Canary Island Lotus (Fabaceae: Loteae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 32: 123-138.

Allen, A. A. 1960. Foodplants of Gymnetrini (Col., Curculionidae), etc., as an indication of botanical affinities. Entomol. Monthly Mag. 96: 48.

Allen, A. A. 1961. The foodplants of Phalonia degreyana McLach. (Lep., Phaloniidae) as further evidence of affinity between the Scrophulariaceae and Plantaginaceae. Entomol. Monthly Mag. 96: 214.

Allen, A. M., & Hiscock, S. J. 2008. Evolution and phylogeny of self-incompatability systems in angiosperms. Pp. 73-101, in Franklin-Tong, V. E. (ed.), Self Incompatability in Flowering Plants: Evolution, Diversity, and Mechanisms. Springer, Berlin.

Allen, A. P. [et al. 2002], Brown, J. H., & Gillooly, J. F. 2002. Global biodiversity, biochemical kinetics, and the energetic-equivalence rule. Science 297: 1545-1548.

Allen, B. J. [et al. 2020], Wignall, P. B., Hill, D. J., Saupe, E. E., & Dunhill, A. M. 2020. The latitudinal gradient of tetrapods across the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and recovery interval. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 287: 20201125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/pspb.2020.1125

Allen, J. G. 1998. Toxins and lupinosis. Pp. 411-435, in Gladstones, J. S., Atkins, C. A., & Hamblin, J. (eds), Lupins as Crop Plants: Biology, Production and Utilization. CAB International, Wallingford.

Allen, M. F. (ed.). 1992. Mycorrhizal Functioning. An Integral Plant-Fungal Process. Chapman & Hall, New York.

Allen, M. F., & Kitajima, K. 2014. Net primarty production of ectomycorrhizas in a California forest. Fungal Ecol. 10: 81-90.

Allen, M. L., & Ayers, T. 2021. A revised classification of Glossopetalon (Crossosomataceae) based on restriction site associated DNA sequencing. Syst. Bot. 46: 562-572.

Allen, S. E. [et al. 2015], Stull, G. W., & Manchester, S. R. 2015. Icacinaceae from the Eocene of North America. American J. Bot. 102: 725-744.

Allessio Leck, M., & Schütz, W. 2005. Regeneration of Cyperaceae, with particular reference to seed ecology and seed banks. Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 7: 95-133.

Allio, R. [et al. 2019], Scornavacca, C., Nabholz, B., Clamens, A.-L., Sperling, F. A. H., & Condamine, F. L. 2020 [= 2019]. Whole genome shotgun phylogenomics resolves the pattern and timing of swallowtail butterfly evolution. Syst. Biol. 69: 38-60.

Allio, R. [et al. 2020/2021], Nabholz, B., Wanke, S., Chomicki, G., Pérez-Escobar, O. A., Cotton, A. M., Clamens, A.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Sperling, F. A. H., & Condamine, F. L. 2020. Genome-wide macroevolutionary signatures of key innovations in butterflies colonizing new host plants. bioRχiv https://www.doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193086 = Allio, R. [et al. 2021], Nabholz, B., Wanke, S., Chomicki, G., Pérez-Escobar, O. A., Cotton, A. M., Clamens, A.-L., Kergoat, G. J., Sperling, F. A. H., & Condamine, F. L. 2021. Genome-wide macroevolutionary signatures of key innovations in butterflies colonizing new host plants. Nature Communic. 12:354. https://doi.org/10/1038/s41467-020-2057-3

Allison, I., & van Wyk, B.-E. 1997. A revision of the genus Anginon (Apiaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 17: 561-577.

Allorge, L. 1976. Morpholgie et biologie florale des Apocynacées. Applications taxonomiques. These, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 3^e Section, Paris.

Allorge, V. G. 1920. Recherches anatomiques sur le pédoncule et la fleur des Liliacées. Imprimerie Nemourienne, Nemours.

Ally, D. [et al. 2010], Ritland, K., & Otto, S. P. 2010. Aging in a long-lived clonal tree. PLoS Biol. 8(8):e1000454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000454

Almario, J. [et al. 2017], Jeena, G., Wunder, J., Langen, G., Zuccaro, A., Coupland, G., & Bucher, M. 2017. Root-associated fungal microbiota of nonmycorrhizal Arabis alpina and its contribution to plant phosphorus nutrition. Proc. National Acad. Sci. E9403-E9412.

Almasi, M., & Ranjbar, M. 2013. Karyoevolution in the genus Onosma L. (Boraginaceae): Quantification of chromosome number heterogeneity. Feddes Repert. 124: 139-153.

Almeda, F. 1997. Chromosomal observations on the Alzateaceae (Myrtales). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 305-308.

Almeda, F., & Penneys, D. S. 2022. Patterns of chromsome number diversity and evolution in Malestomataceae. Pp. 533-561, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A. & Almeda, F. 2022 (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Almeda, F. [et al. 2009], Alvear, M., Penneys, D. S., & Michelangeli, F. A. 2009. Colombia, a major center of diversity for Neotropical Melastomataceae. P. 202, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah, July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Almeida, A. L., & Paiva, E. A. S. 2019. Colleters in Mabea fistulifera Mart. (Euphorbiaceae): Anatomy and biology of the secretory process. Flora 258:151439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.151439

Almeida, A. L. [et al. 2020], de Freitas, P. F., Ferreira, C. P., & Ventrella, M. C. 2021 [= 2020]. Syncytial development of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) pigment gland: A curious type of anastomosed articulated laticifer. Flora 274:151727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2020.151727

Almeida, A. M. R. [et al. 2013], Brown, A., & Specht, C. 2013. Tracking the development of the petaloid fertile stamen in Canna indica: Insights into the origin of androecial petaloidy in the Zingiberales. AoB Plants 5:plt009. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plt009

Almeida, A. M. R. de [et al. 2014], Yockteng, R., Schnable, J., Alvarez-Buylla, E. R., Freeling, M., & Specht, C. 2014. Co-option of the polarity gene network shapes filament morphology in angiosperms. Sci. Reports 4:6194. doi:10.1038/srep06194

Almeida, A. M. R. de [et al. 2018], Piñetro-Nelson, A., Yockteng, R., & Specht, C. 2018. Comparative analysis of whole flower transcriptomes in the Zingiberales. PeerJ 6:e5490. doi:10.7717/peerj.5490

Almeida, E. A. B., & Danforth, B. N. 2009. Phylogeny of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) inferred from four nuclear genes. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 50: 290-309.

Almeida, E. A. B. [et al. 2011], Pie, M. R., Brady, S. G., & Danforth, B. N. 2012 [= 2011]. Biogeography and diversification of colletid bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): Emerging patterns from the southern end of the world. J. Biogeog. 39: 526-544.

Almeida, E. A. B. [et al. 2023], Bossert, S., Danforth, B. N., Porto, D. S., Freitas, F. V., Davis, C. C., Murray, E. A., Blaimer, B. B., Spasojevic, T., Ströher, P. R., Orr, M. C., Packer, L., Brady, S. G., Kuhlmann, M., Branstetter, M. G., & Pie, M. R. 2023. The evolutionary history of bees in time and space. Curr. Biol. 33: 1-14

Almeida, E. M. [et al. 2019], Wanderley, A. M., Santos, A. de S., Iranildo, J., de Melo, M., Souza, G., Batista, F. R. da C., Christenhusz, M. J. M., & Felix, L. P. 2019. Two new genera and species of Linderniaceae (Lamiales) from inselbergs in northeastern Brazil: Morphological and karyological evidence. Phytotaxa 400: 215-226.

Almeida, N. M. [et al. 2015a], Cotarelli, V. M., Souza, D. P., Novo, R. R., Siqueira Filho, J. A., Oliveira, P. E., & Castro, C. C. 2015a. Enantiostylous types of Cassiinae species (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae). Plant Biol. 17: 740-745.

Almeida, N. M. [et al. 2015b], Bezerra, T. T., Oliveira, C. R. S., Novo, R. R., Siqueira-Filho, J. A., Oliveira, P. E., & Castro, C. C. 2015b. Breeding systems of enantiostylous Cassiinae species (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae). Flora 215: 9-15.

Almeida, N. M. [et al. 2018], Souza, J. T., Oliveira, C. R. S., Bezerra, T. T., Novo, R. R., Siqueira Filho, J. S., Oliveira, P. E., & Castro, C. C. 2018. Functional dimorphic enantiostyly in monomorphic enantiostylous species of the subtribe Cassiinae (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae). Plant Biol. 20: 797-801.

Almeida, O. J. D. [et al. 2013], Cota-Sánchez, J. H., & Paoli, A. A. S. 2013. The systematic significance of floral morphology, nectaries, and nectar concentration in epiphytic cacti of tribes Hylocereae and Rhipsalidae (Cactaceae). Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 15: 255-268.

Almeida, R. F., & van den Berg, C. 2021. Molecular phylogeny and character mapping support generic adjustments in the Tetrapteroid clade (Malpighiaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 39:e02876. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02876

Almeida, T. E. [et al. 2016], Hennequin, S., Schneider, H., Smith, A. R., Batista, J. A. N., Ramalho, A. J., Proite, K., & Salino, A. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of Neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phyl. Evol 94: 688-700.

Aloni, R. 2021. Vascular Differentiation and Plant Hormones. Springer, Cham.

Alpert, P., & Oliver, M. J. 2002. Drying without dying. Pp. 3-43, in Black, M., & Pritchard, H. W. (eds), Dessication and Survival in Plants. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.

Alrich, P., & Higgins, W. 2008. Illustrated Dictionary of Orchid Genera. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Al-Shammary, K. I. A., & Gornall, R. J. 1994. Trichome anatomy of the Saxifragaceae s.l. from the southern hemisphere. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 114: 99-131.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1984. The genera of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 65: 343-373.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1991. The genera of Boraginaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. Suppl. Ser. 1: 1-169.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2012. A generic and tribal synopsis of Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Taxon 61: 931-954.

Al-Shehbaz, I. 2014. A synopsis of the genus Noccaea (Cruciferae) (Coluteocarpeae, Brassicaceae). Harvard Papers Bot. 19: 25-51.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A., & Schubert, B. G. 1989. The Dioscoreaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 70: 57-95.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. [et al. 2006], Beilstein, M. A., & Kellogg, E. A. 2006. Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): An overview. Plant Syst. Evol. 259: 89-120.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. [et al. 2023], Salariato, D. L., Cano, A., & Zuloaga, F. O. 2023. A revised generic delimitation of the South American-endemic tribe Eudemeae (Brassicaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 108: 250-287.

Althoff, D. M. 2016. Specialization in the yucca-yucca moth obligate pollination mutualism: A role for antagonism? American J. Bot. 103: 1803-1811.

Althoff, D. M. [et al. 2006], Segraves, K. A., Leebens-Mack, J., & Pellmyr, O. 2006. Patterns of speciation in the yucca moths: Parallel species radiations within the Tegeticula yuccasella species complex. Syst. Biol. 55: 398-410.

Althoff, D. M. [et al. 2012], Leebens-Mack, J., & Pellmyr, O. 2012. Geographic isolation trumps coevolution as a driver of yucca and yucca moth diversification. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 62: 898-906.

Althoff, D. M. [et al. 2014], Segraves, K. A., & Johnson, M. T. J. 2014. Testing for coevolutionary diversification: Linking pattern with process. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29: 82-89.

Al-Turki, T. A. [et al. 2003], Swarupanadan, K., & Wilson, P. G. 2003. Primary vasculature in Chenopodiaceae: A re-interpretation and implications for systematics and evolution. Proc. Linnean Soc. London 143: 337-374.

Alvarado-Cárdenas, L. O. 2009. Systemática del género Bdallophytum (Cytinaceae). Acta Bot. Mexicana 87: 1-21.

Álvarez, A., & Cameron, K. M. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Precottiinae s.l. and their close allies (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. American J. Bot. 96: 1020-1040. 2009.

Alvarez, A., & Köhler, E. 1987. Morfologiá de polen de las Agavaceae y algunos géneros afines. Grana 26: 25-46.

Álvarez, I., & Wendel, J. F. 2003. Ribosomal ITS sequences and plant phylogenetic inference. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 29: 417-434.

Alvarez, M. [et al. 2012], Martín, J. S., & Deil, U. 2012. Nanism and ephemerism as reasons for hidden abundance in vernal pool plants: The example of Lepuropetalon spathulatum in Chile. Feddes Repert. 123: 55-66.

Álvarez-Buylla, E. R. [et al. 2010], Ambrose, B. A., Flores-Sandoval, E., Englund, M., Garay-Arroyo, A., Garciá-Ponce, B., de la Torre-Bárcena, E., Espinosa-Matiás, S., Martínez, E., Piñeyro-Nelson, A., Engström, P., & Meyerowitz, E. M. 2010. B-function expression in the flower center underlies the homeotic phenotype of Lacandonia schismatica (Triuridaceae). Plant Cell 22: 3543-3559.

Alverson, A. J. [et al. 2010], Wei, X.X., Rice, D. W., Stern, D. B., Barry, K., & Palmer, J. D. 2010. Insights into the evolution of mitochondrial genome size from complete sequences of Citrullus lanatus and Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae). Molec. Biol. Evol. 27: 1436-1448.

Alverson, A. J. [et al. 2011], Rice, D. W., Dickinson, S., Barry, K., & Palmer, J. D. 2011. Origins and recombination of the bacterial-sized multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of cucumber. Plant Cell 23: 2499-2513.

Alverson, W. S. [et al. 1998], Karol, K. G., Baum, D. A., Chase, M. W., Swensen, S. M., McCourt, R., & Systma, K. J. 1998. Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: Evidence from rbcL sequence data. American J. Bot. 85: 876-887.

Alverson, W. S. [et al. 1999], Whitlock, B. A., Nyffeler, R., Bayer, C., & Baum, D. A. 1999. Phylogeny of core Malvales: Evidence from ndhF sequence data. American J. Bot. 86: 1474-1486.

Alves, G. G. N. [et al. 2016], El Ottra, J. H. L., Devecchi, M. E., Demarco, D., & Pirani, J. R. 2017 [= 2016]. Structure of the flower of Simaba (Simarubaceae) and its anatomical novelties. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 182: 162-176.

Alves, G. G. N. [et al. 2022], Fonseca, L. H. M., Devecchi, M F., El Ottra, J. H. L., Demarco, D., & Pirani, J. R. 2022. What reproductive traits tell us about the evolution and diversification of the tree-of-heaven family, Simaroubaceae. Brazilian J. Bot. 45: 367-397.

Alves, P. G. M. [et al. 2013], Scatena, V. L., & Trovo, M. 2013. Aanatomy of scapes, bracts and leaevs of Paepalanthus sect. Diphyomene (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and its taxonomic implications. Brittonia 65: 262-272.

Alves-dos-Santos, I. [et al. 2007], Machado, I. C., & Gaglianone, M. C. 2007. História natural das abelhas coletoras de oléo. Oecol. Brasiliensis 11: 544-557.

Alzate, J. F. [et al. 2024], González, F. A., & Pabón-Mora, N. 2024. Back together: Over 1000 single-copy nuclear loci and reproductive features support the holoendoparasitic Apodanthaceae and Rafflesiaceae as sister lineages in the order Malpighiales. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 201:108217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108217

Alzer, F. da C. [et al. 2024], Couto, R., Gonçalves-Esteves, V., & Mendonça, C. B. F. 2024. Pollen variability in species of Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae). Grana 63: 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2024.2311307

Amador-Vargas, S. 2019. Plant killing by Neotropical acacia ants: Ecology, decision-making, and head morphology. Biotropica 51: 692-699.

Amador-Vargas, S. [et al. 2020], Dyer, J., Arnold, N., Cavanaugh, L., & Sánchez-Brenes, E. 2020. Acacia trees with parasitic ants have fewer and less spacious spines than trees with mutualistic ants. Sci. Nature 107:3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114.019.1647.4

Amaral, M. C. E. 1991. Phylogenetische Systematik der Ochnaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 113: 105-196.

Amaral, M. C. E., & Bittrich, V. 1998. Ontogenia inicial do androceu de espécias de Ochnaceae subfam. Sauvagesioideae através sa análise em microscopia electrônica de varredura. Revista Brasilica Bot. 21: 269-273.

Amaral, M. C. E., & Bittrich, V. 2014 [= 2013]. Ochnaceae. Pp. 253-268, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Flowering Plants. XI. Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Malpighiales. Springer, Berlin.

Amaral, M. do C. E. [et al. 2017], Bittrich, V., Endress, P. K., & Stevens, P. F. 2016. The unique morphology of resin-producing multilocellate anthers and their evolution in Clusia (Clusiaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 184: 79-93.

Amaral, M. M., & Mello-Silva, R. 2005. The role of spatial constraint on the ontogenesis of stomata: A case in Velloziaceae. P. 213, in XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, Europe. [Abstracts.]

Amaral, M. M. do, & Mello-Silva, R. de. 2008. Ontogenesis of stomata in Velloziaceae: Paracytic versus tetracytic? Revista Brasiliera Bot. 31: 529-536.

Amaral-Neto, L. P. [et al. 2015], Westerkamp, C., & Melo, G. A. R. 2015. From keel to inverted keel flowers: Functional morphology of "upside down" papilionoid flowers and the behavior of their bee visitors. Plant Syst. Evol. 301: 2161-2178.

Amarasinghe, P. [et al. 2021], Joshi, S., Page, N., Wijedasa, L. S., Merello, M., Kathriaachchi, H., Stone, R. D., Judd, W., Kodandaramaiah, U., & Cellinese, N. 2021. Evolution and biogeography of Memecylon. American J. Bot. 108: 628-646.

Amarasinghe, V., & Watson, L. 1988. Comparative ultrastructure of microhairs in grasses. Bot. J. Linnean Society 98: 303-319.

Amarasinghe, V., & Watson, L. 1990. Taxonomic significance of microhair morphology in the genus Eragrostis Beauv. (Poaceae). Taxon 39: 59-65.

Amarilla, L. D. [et al. 2015], Chiapella, J. O., Sosa, V., Moreno, N. C., & Anton, A. M. 2015. A tale of North and South America: Time and mode of dispersal of the amphitropical genus Munroa (Poaceae, Chloridoideae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 110-125.

Amborella Genome Project. 2013. The Amborella genome and the evolution of flowering plants. Science 342:1241089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1241089.

Ambrose, B. A. 2013. The morphology and development of lycophytes. Ann. Plant Rev. 45: 91-114. [Ambrose, B. A., & Purugganan, M. (eds). 2013. The Evolution of Plant Form. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.]

Ambrose, B. A., & Vasco, A. 2016 [= 2015]. Bringing the multicellular fern meristem into focus. New Phytol. 210: 790-793. doi: 10.1111/nph.13825

Ambrose, B. A., & Vasco, A. 2016. Equisetum morphology: An evo-devo perspective. P. 31, in Botany 2016. Celebrating our History, Conserving our Future. Savannah, Georgia. [Abstracts.]

Ambrose, B. A. [et al. 2000], Lerner, D. R., Ciceri, P., Padilla, C. M., Yanofsky, M. F., & Schmidt, R. J. 2000. Molecular and genetic analyses of the Silky gene reveal conservation in floral organ specification between eudicots and monocots. Molecular Cell 5: 569-579.

Ambrose, B. A. [et al. 2006], Espinosa-Matís, S., Vázquez-Santana, S., Márquez-Guzmán, J., & Alvarez-Buylla, E. R. 2006. Comparative developmental series of the Mexican triurids support a euanthial interpretation for the unusual reproductive axes of Lacandonia schismatica (Triuridaceae. American J. Bot. 93: 15-35.

Ambrose, J. D. 1975. Comparative Anatomy and Morphology of the Melanthioideae (Liliaceae). Ph. D. Dissertation, Cornell University.

Ambrose, J. D. 1980. A re-evaluation of the Melanthioideae (Liliaceae) using numerical analyses. Pp. 65-81, pl. 1-2, in Brickell, C. D., Cutler, D. F., & Gregory, M. (eds), Petaloid Monocotyledons. Academic Press, London.

Ambrose, K. V. [et al. 2014], Koppenhöfer, A. M., & Belanger, F. C. 2014. Horizontal gene transfer of a bacterial insect toxin gene into the Epichloë fungal symbionts of grasses. Sci. Reports 4:5562. doi: 10.1038/srep05562

Ambrozovâ, K. [et al. 2011], Mandáková, T., Bureš, P., Neumann, P., Leitch, I. J., Koblizkova, A., Macas, J., & Lysak, M. A. 2011. Diverse retrotransposon families and an AT-rich satellite DNA revealed in giant genomes of Fritillaria lilies. Ann. Bot. 107: 255-268.

Ameka, K. G. [et al. 2002], Pfeifer, E., & Rutishauser, R. 2002. Developmental morphology of Saxicolella amicorum and S. submersa (Podostemaceae: Podostemoideae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 139: 255-273.

Amend, A. S. [et al. 2019], Cobian, G. M., Laruson, A. J., Remple, K., Tucker, S. J., Poff, K. E., Antaky, C., Boraks, A., Jones, C. A., Kuehu, D., Lensing, B. R., Pejhanmehr, M., Richardson, D. T., & Riley, P. P. 2019. Phytobiomes are compositionally nested from the ground up. PeerJ 7:e6609 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6609

American Chemical Society. 1997-2004. SciFinder Scholar, 2002 edition. A.C.S., Washington, DC.

Amico, G., & Aizen, M. A. 2000. Mistletoe seed dispersal by a marsupial. Nature 408: 929-930. doi: 10.1038/35050170

Amico, G. C. [et al. 2007], Vidal-Russell, R., & Nickrent, D. L. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships and ecological speciation in the mistletoe Tristerix (Loranthaceae): The influence of pollinators, dispersers, and hosts. American J. Bot. 94: 558-567.

Amini, E. [et al. 2018], Kazempour-Osaloo, S., Maassoumi, A. A., & Zare-Maivan, H. 2019 [= 2018]. Phylogeny, biogeography and divergence times in Astragalus section Incani DC. (Fabaceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS and plastid rpl32-trnL_UAG sequences. Nordic J. Bot. 2019:e02059. doi: 10.1111/njb.02059

Amirahmadi, A. [et al. 2014], Kasempour Osaloo, S., Moein, F., Kaveh, A., & Maassoumi, A. A. 2014. Molecular systematics of the tribe Hedysareae (Fabaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and plastid trnL-F and mat K sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 300: 729-747.

Amirahmadi, A. [et al. 2016], Kasempour Osaloo, S., Kaveh, A., Maassoumi, A. A., & Naderi, R. 2016. The phylogeny and new classification of the genus Onobrychis (Fabaceae-Hedysareae): Evidence from molecular data. Plant Syst. Evol. 302: 1445-1456.

Amorim, B. S. [et al. 2019], Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Souza, G., Alves, M., Antonelli, A., & Lucas, E. 2019. Advanced understanding of phylogenetic relationships, morphological evolution and biogeographic history of the mega-diverse plant genus Myrcia and its relatives (Mytaceae: Myrteae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 138: 65-88.

Amorim, F. W. [et al. 2020], Ballarin, C. S., Mariano, G., Lacerda-Barbosa, P. A., Costa, J. G., Hachuy-Filho, L., Zabi, D. A., Queiroz, H. G. D., Servilha, J. H., Moraes, A. P., & Morellato, L. P. C. 2020. Good heavens what animal can pollinate it? A fungus-like holoparasitic plant potentially pollinated by opossums. Ecology 10:E03001. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3001

Amorim, T. [et al. 2017], Marazzi, B., Soares, A. A., Forni-Martins, E. R., Muniz, C. R., & Westerkamp, C. 2017. Ricochet pollination in Senna (Fabaceae) - petals deflect pollen jets and promote division of labour among flower structures. Plant Biol. 19: 951-962.

Amorim, T. [et al. 2019], Soares, A. A., & Westerkamp, C. 2019. More on buzz pollination - pollen rebounds in asymmetrical flowers. Pp. 333-354, in Bahadur, B., Krishamurthy, K. V., Ghose, M., & Adams, S. J. (eds), Asymmetry in Plants Biology of Handedness. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Ampornpan, L.-a. 1992. Ontogeny of Zygomorphic Flowers in the Solanaceae. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal.

Ampornpan, L.-a., & Armstrong, J. E. 2002. Floral ontogeny of Salpiglossis (Solanaceae) and the oblique gynoecium. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 85-95.

Amoroso, V. B. [et al. 2018], Mendez, N. P., & Lagunday, N. E. 2018. Mitrastemonaceae: A new family record from the Philippines. Philippine J. Sci. 147: 775-779.

Amshoff, G. J. H. 1958. Myrtaceae. In Woodson, R. E., & Schery, R. W. (eds), Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot Gard. 45: 165-201.

An, D. [et al. 2018], Li, C., Zhou, Y., Wu, Y., & Wang, W. 2018. Genomes and transriptomes of duckweeds. Front. Chem. 6:230. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00230

An, D. [et al. 2019], Zhou, Y., Li, C., Xiao, Q., Wang, T., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Chao, D.-Y., Messing, J., & Wang, W. 2019. Plant evolution and environmental adaptation unveiled by long-read whole-genome sequencing of Spirodela. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 18893-18899.

Anantaswamy Rau, M. 1940a. An embryological study of Suriana maritima Linn. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B, 11: 100-106.

Anantaswamy Rau, M. 1940b. Studies in the Apocynaceae. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 19: 33-42.

Anantaswamy Rau, M. 1951. Development of the embryo in some members of the Papilionaceae. Phytomorph. 1:b 80-86.

Anantaswamy Rau, M. 1953. Some observations on the endosperm in Papilionaceae. Phytomorph. 3: 209-222.

Ancibor, E. 1969. Los nectarios florales en leguminosas-Mimósoideas. Darwiniana 15: 128-142.

Ancibor, E. 1979. Systematic anatomy of vegetative organs of the Hydrocharitaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 78: 237-266.

Anderberg, A. A. 1991a. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). Opera Bot. 104: 1-195.

Anderberg, A. A. 1991b. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Inuleae (Asteraceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 176: 75-123.

Anderberg, A. A. 1991c. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Plucheeae (Asteraceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 176: 145-177.

Anderberg, A. A. 1992. The circumscription of the Ericales, and their cladistic relationships to other families of "higher" dicotyledons. Syst. Bot. 17: 660-675.

Anderberg, A. A. 1993. Cladistic interrelationships and major clades of the Ericales. Plant Syst. Evol. 184: 207-231.

Anderberg, A. A. 2004. Primulaceae. Pp. 313-319, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VI. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin.

Anderberg, A. A., & Ohlson, J. I. 2012. The genus Cavea, an addition to the tribe Gymnarrheneae (Asteraceae-Gymnarrhenoideae). Compositae Newsl. 50: 46-55.

Anderberg, A. A., & Ståhl, B. 1994. Phylogenetic interrelationships in the order Primulales, with special emphasis on the family circumscriptions. Canadian J. Bot. 73: 1699-1730.

Anderberg, A. A., & Swenson, U. 2003. Evolutionary lineages in Sapotaceae (Ericales): A cladistic analysis based on ndhF sequence data. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 164: 763-773.

Anderberg, A. A., & Zhang, X. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrillaceae and Clethraceae (Ericales) with special emphasis on the genus Purdiaea Planch. Organisms Divers. Evol. 2: 127-137.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 1998], Zhang, X., & Källersjö, M. 1998. Phylogenetic interrelationships in the Primulales inferred from rbcL sequence data. Plant Syst. Evol. 211: 93-102.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2000], Zhang, X., & Källersjö, M. 2000. Maesaceae, a new primuloid family in the order Ericales s.l. Taxon 49: 183-187.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2001], Peng, C.-I., Trift, I., & Källersjö, M. 2001. The Stimpsonia problem; evidence from DNA sequences of plastid genes atpB, ndhF and rbcL. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 123: 369-376.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2002], Rydin, C., & Källerjö, M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the order Ericales s.l.: Analyses of molecular data from five genes from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. American J. Bot. 89: 677-687.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2005], Eldenäs, P., Bayer, R. J., & Englund, M. 2005. Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheae) evidenced by DNA sequences of ndhF; with notes on the systematic positions of some aberrant genera. Organisms Divers. Evol. 5: 135-146.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2006], Baldwin, B. G., Bayer, R. G., Breitwieser, J., Jeffrey, C., Dillon, M. O., Eldenäs, P., Funk, V., Garcia-Jacas, N., Hind, D. J. N., Karis, P. O., Lack, H. W., Nesom, G., Nordenstam, B., Oberprieler, C., Panero, J. L., Puttock, C., Robinson, H., Stuessy, T. F., Susanna, A., Urtubey, E., Vogt, R., Ward, J., & Watson, L. E. 2006. Asteraceae. Pp. 61-588, in Kadereit, J. W. & Jeffrey, C. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume VIII. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Asterales. Springer, Berlin.

Anderberg, A. A. [et al. 2007], Manns, U., & Källerjö, M. 2007. Phylogeny and floral evolution of the Lysimachieae (Ericales, Myrsinaceae): Evidence from ndhF sequence data. Willdenowia 37: 407-421.

Andermann, T. [et. al. 2020], Faurby, S., Turvey, S. T., Antonelli, A., & Silvestro, D. 2020. The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity. Sci. Adv. 6:eabb2313.

Andersen, M. C. 1993. Diaspore morphology and seed dispersal in several wind-dispersed Asteraceae. American J. Bot. 80: 487-492.

Anderson, B. 2005. Adaptations to foliar absorption of faeces: A pathway to plant carnivory. Ann. Bot. 95: 757-761.

Anderson, B., & Johnson, S. D. 2009. Geographical covariation and local convergence of flower depth in a guild of fly-pollinated plants. New Phytol. 182: 533-540.

Anderson, B. [et al. 2003], Midgley, J. J., & Stewart, B. A. 2003. Facilitated selfing offers reproductive assurance: A mutualism between a hemipteran and carnivorous plant. American J. Bot. 90: 1009-1015.

Anderson, B. [et al. 2014], Ros, P., Wiese, T. J., & Ellis, A. G. 2014. Intraspecific divergence and convergence of floral tube length in specialized pollination interactions. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 281: 20141420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb2014.1420

Anderson, C. 2011. Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae). Blumea 56: 73-104.

Anderson, C. [et al. 2006 onwards], Anderson, W. R., & Davies, C. C. 2006 onwards. Malpighiaceae (herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/malpigh).

Anderson, C. L. [et al. 2005], Bremer, K., & Friis, E. M. 2005. Dating phylogenetically basal eudicots using rbcL sequences and multiple fossil reference points. American J. Bot. 92: 1737-1748.

Anderson, E. 1940. The concept of the genus: II. A survey of modern opinion. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 363-369. [See other papers pp. 349-389, esp. last paragraph of the article by W. H. Camp on p. 389.]

Anderson, E. D, & Owens, J. N. 2006. Analyzing the reproductive biology of Taxus - should it be included in Coniferales? Pp. 235-238, in Mill, R. R. (ed.), IV International Conifer Conference. [ISIS Acta Horticulturae 615.]

Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Timber Press, Oregon.

Anderson, G. J., & Symon, D. 1988. Insect foragers of Solanum flowers in Australia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 842-852.

Anderson, I. C. [et al. 2013], Genney, D. R., & Alexander, I. J. 2014 [= 2013]. Fine-scale diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium in a Scots pine forest. New Phytol. 201: 1423-1430. doi:10.1111/nph.12637

Anderson, J. A. R. 1964. The structure and development of the peat swamps of Sarawak and Brunei. J. Trop. Geogr. 18: 7-16.

Anderson, J. A. R. 1983. The tropical peat swamps of Western Malaysia. Pp. 181-199, in Gore, A. J. P. (ed), Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 4B. Mires, Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor. Regional Studies. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Anderson, J. M., & Anderson, H. M. 2003. Heyday of the Gymnosperms: Systematics and Biodiversity of the Late Triassic Molteno fructifications. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Anderson, J. M. [et al. 2007], Anderson, H. M., & Cleal, C. J. 2007. Brief history of the gymnosperms: Classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology. Strelitzia 20: 1-280.

Anderson, J. T. [et al. 2011], Nuttle, T., Saldaña Rojas, J. S., Pendergast, T. H., & Flecker, A. S. 2011. Extremely long-distance seed dispersal by an overfished Amazonian frugivore. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 278: 3329-3335.

Anderson, M. 1997. Grafting succulents. Cactus Succulent J. 69: 17-25.

Anderson, R. M. [et al. 2024], Hennessy, A. B., Kowalski, K., Kessler, A., Bagchi, R., & Singer, M. S. 2024. Phloem-feeding insects create parasitoid-free space for caterpillars. Curr. Biol. 34: 3665-3672.

Anderson, S. H. [et al. 2011], Kelly, D., Ladley, J. J., Molloy, S., & Terry, J. 2011. Cascading effect of bird functional extinction reduce pollination and plant density. Science 331: 1068-1071.

Anderson, W. R., 1973: A morphological hypothesis for the origin of heterostyly in the Rubiaceae. Taxon 22: 537-542.

Anderson, W. R. 1979. Floral conservatism in Neotropical Malpighiaceae. Biotropica 11: 219-223.

Anderson, W. R. 1980. Cryptic self-fertilization in the Malpighiaceae. Science 207: 892-893.

Anderson, W. R. 2013. Origins of Mexican Malpighiaceae. Acta Bot. Mexicana 156: 107-156.

Andersson, A. 1931. Studien über die Embryologie der Familien Celastraceae, Oleaceae und Apocynaceae. Lunds Univ. Årsskr. n.f., avd 2, 27(7): 1-112, figs 1-4.

Andersson, A. [et al. 1973], Erickson, M., Fridh, H., & Miksche, G. E. 1973. Zur Struktur des Lignins der Rinde von Laube- und Nadelhölzern. Holzfor. 27: 189-193.

Andersson, F. (ed.). 2005. Ecosystems of the World. 6. Coniferous Forests. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Andersson, L. 1976. The synflorescence of the Marantaceae. Organization and descriptive terminology. Bot. Notis. 129: 39-48.

Andersson, L. 1981. The Neotropical genera of Marantaceae. Circumscription and relationships. Nordic. J. Bot. 1: 218-245.

Andersson, L. 1998. Heliconiaceae, pp. 226-230, Marantaceae, 278-293, Musaceae, 296-300, and Strelitziaceae, 451-454, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Andersson, L. 2002. Relationships and generic circumscriptions in the Psychotria complex. Syst. Geogr. Plants 72: 167-202.

Andersson, L., & Andersson, S. 2000. A molecular phlyogeny of Tropaeolaceae and its systematic implications. Taxon 49: 721-736.

Andersson, L., & Antonelli, A. 2005. Phylogeny of the tribe Cinchoneae (Rubiaceae), its position in Cinchonoideae, and description of a new genus, Ciliosemina. Taxon 54: 17-28.

Andersson, L., & Chase, M. W. 2001. Phylogenetic clasification of Marantaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 135: 275-287.

Andersson, L., & Rova, J. H. E. 1999. The rps16 intron and the phylogeny of the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 214: 161-186.

Andersson, L. [et al. 2006], Kocsis, M., & Eriksson, R. 2006. Relationships of the genus Azorella (Apiaceae) and other hydrocotyloids inferred from sequence variation in three plastid markers. Taxon 55: 270-280.

Andersson, S. 2006. On the phylogeny of the genus Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) as inferred from ITS and plastid matK sequences. Taxon 55: 125-137.

Andrae, J. W. [et al. 2018], McInerney, F. A., Polissar, P. J., Sniderman, J. M. K., Howard, S., Hall, P. A., & Phelps, S. R. 2018. Initial expansion of C₄ vegetation in Australia during the Late Pliocene. Geophys. Research Lett. 45: 4831-4840.

André, D. 1956. Contributions à l'étude morphologique du cône femelle de quelques Gymnospermes (Céphalotaxacées, Juniperoïdées, Taxacées). Naturalia Monspelensia Sér. bot. 8: 3-35.

André, T. [et al. 2016], Salzman, S., Wendt, T., & Specht, C. 2016. Speciation dynamics and biogeography of Neotropical spiral gingers (Costaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 103: 55-63.

Andreasen, K., & Baldwin, B. G. 2001. Unequal evolutionary rates between annual and perennial lineages of checker mallow (Sidalcea, Malvaceae): evidence from 18S-26S rDNA internal and external transcribed spacers. Molec. Biol. Evol. 18: 936-944.

Andreasen, K., & Bremer, B. 1996. Phylogeny of the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae). Op. Bot. Belgica 7: 119-138.

Andreasen, K., & Bremer, B. 2000. Combined phylogenetic analysis in the Rubiaceae-Ixoroideae: Morphology, nuclear and chloroplast DNA data. American J. Bot. 87: 1731-1748.

Andréasson, E. [et al. 2001], Jørgensen, L. B., Höglund, A.-S., Rask, L., & Meijer, J. 2001. Different myrosinase and idioblast distribution in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. Plant Physiol. 127: 1750-1763.

Andreata, R. H. P. 1997. Revisão des espécies brasileiras do gênero Smilax Linnaeus (Smilacaceae). Pesqu. Bot. 47: 3-243.

Andreota, R. de C. [et al. 2015], de Barros, F., & Sajo, M. de G. 2015. Root and leaf anatomy of some terrestrial representatives of the Cranichidae tribe (Orchidaceae). Brazilian J. Bot. 38: 367-378.

Andrés-Sánchez, S. [et al. 2018], Verboom, G. A., Galbany-Casals, M., & Bergh, N. G. 2019 [= 2018]. Evolutionary history of the arid climate-adapted Helichrysum (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): Cape origin and association between annual life history and low chromosome numbers. J. Syst. Evol. 57: 468-487.

Andrews, E. S. [et al. 2007], Theis, N., & Adler, L. S. 2007. Pollinator and herbivore attraction to Cucurbita floral volatiles. J. Chem. Ecol. 33: 1682-1691.

Andrews, H. N. 1963. Early seed plants. Science 142: 925-931.

Andrés-Hernández et al. [et al. 2014], Terrazas, T., Salazar, G., & Ochoterena, H. 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on structural and combined analyses in Rhus (Anacardiaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 176: 452-468.

Andreychuk R., & Odintsova A. 2019. Morphological and anatomical structure of Campanula latifolia L. fruits. Studia Biol. 13: 95-105.

Andreychuk, R. R., & Odintsova, A. 2020. Actual state of carpological studies in the family Campanulaceae. Studia Biol. 14: 95-116.

Andreychuk, R., & Odintsova, A. 2021. Morpho-anatomy of the gynoecium and fruit in three ornamental members of Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae). Acta Agrobot. 74:7415.

Andriananjamanantsoa, H. N. [et al. 2016], Engberg, S., Louis, E. E., Jr, & Brouillet, L. 2016. Diversification of Angraecum (Orchidaceae, Vandeae) in Madagascar: Revised phylogeny reveals species accumulation through time rather than rapid radiation. PLoS ONE 11(9):e0163194. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163194

Andrino, C. O. [et al. 2020], Sano, P. T., Inglis, P. W., Hensold, N., da Costa, F. N., & Simon, M. F. 2021 [= 2020]. Phylogenetics of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae), a diverse Neotropical monocot lineage. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 195: 34-52.

Andrino, C. O. [et al. 2021], Sano, P. T., & da Costa, F. N. 2021. Taxonomic re-evaluation of Actinocephalus (Eriocaulaceae) in light of new morphological and molecular evidence. Syst. Bot 46: 929-934.

Andrino, C. O. [et al. 2023], Costa, F. N., Simon, M. F., Missagia, R. V., & Sano, P. T. 2023. Eriocaulaceae: A new classification system based on morphological evolution and molecular evidence. Taxon 72: 515-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12915

Andronova, N. N. 1977. On the structure of the ovule in Rubiaceae Juss.. Bot. Zhurn 62: 1461-1469. [In Russian.]

Andronova, N. N. 1988. Comparative characteristics of ovule structure in members of Rubieae (Rubiaceae). Bot. Zhurn 73: 674-682. [In Russian.]

Andruchow-Colombo, A. [et al. 2019], Wilf, P., & Escapa, I. H. 2019. A South American fossil relative of Phyllocladus: Huncocladus laubenfelsii gen. et sp. nov. (Podocarpaceae), from the Early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, Patagonia, Argentina. Australian Syst. Bot. 32: 290-309.

Andruchow-Colombo, A. [et al. 2021], Wilf, P., & Escapa, I. H. 2021. Reafirming the phyllocladoid affinities of Huncocladus laubenfelsii (Podocarpaceae) from the early Eocene of Patagonia: A comment on Dörken et al. (2021). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 197: 554-557.

Andruchow-Colombo, A. [et al. 2023a], Rossetto-Harris, G., Brodribb, T. J., Gandolfo, M. A., & Wilf, P. 2023a. A new fossil Acmopyle with accessory transfusion tissue and potential reproductive buds: Direct evidence for ever-wet rainforests in Eocene Patagonia. American J. Bot. 110(8):e16221

Andruchow-Colombo, A. [et al. 2023b], Escapa, I. H., Aagesen, L., & Matsunaga, K. K. S. 2023b. In search of lost time: Tracing the fossil diversity of Podocarpaceae through the ages. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 203: 315-336. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad027

Anest, A. [et al. 2024], Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y., Charles-Dominique, T., Forest, F., Caraglio, Y., Hempson, G. P., Maurin, O., & Tomlinson, K. W. 2024. Blocking then stinging as a case of two-step evolution of defensive cage architectures in herbivore-driven ecosystems. Nature Plants 10: 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01649-4

Angelis, K. [et al. 2017]. Álvarez-Carretero, S., Dos Reis, M., & Yang, Z. 2018 [= 2017]. An evaluation of different partitioning strategies for Bayesian estimation of species divergence times. Syst. Biol. 67: 61-77.

Anger, N. [et al. 2017], Fogliani, B., Scutt, C. P., & Gâteblé, G. 2017. Dioecy in Amborella trichopoda: Evidence for genetically based sex determination and its consequences for inferences of the breeding system in early angiosperms. Ann. Bot. 119: 591-597.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [= A.P.G.]. 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 531-553.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [= A.P.G.] II. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 399-436.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [= A.P.G.] III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 161: 105-121.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [= A.P.G.] IV. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 1-20.

Angulo, D. F. [et al. 2013], de Stefano, R. D., & Stull, G. W. 2013. Systematics of Mappia (Icacinaceae), an endemic genus of tropical America. Phytotaxa 116: 1-18.

Angulo, M. B. [et al. 2022], Chalup, L., Florentín, J. E., Dematteis, M. 2022. The evolution of chromosome number during the diversification of the tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 200: 524-540.

Angus, A. A. [et al. 2013], Lee, A., Lum, M. R., Shehayeb, M., Hessabi, R., Fujishige, N. A., Yerrapragada, S., Kano, S., Song, N., Yang, P. Estrada-de los Santos, P., Dakora, F. D., Weinstock, G., & Hirsch, A. M. 2013. Nodulation and effective nitrogen fixation of Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) by Burkholderia tuberum, a nodulating and plant growth promoting beta-proteobacterium, are influenced by environmental factors. Plant and Soil 369: 543-562.

Angyalossy, V. [et al. 2008], Botânico, M. P., & Tavares, M. 2008. Revisiting the secondary growth in palms. Pp. 47-48, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Angyalossy, V. [et al. 2012], Angeles, G., Pace, M. R., Lima, A. C., Dias-Leme, C. L., & Madero-Vega, C. 2012. An overview on the anatomy, development and evolution of the vascular system of lianas. Plant Ecol. Divers. 5: 167-182.

Angyalossy, V. [et al. 2015], Pace, M. R., & Lima, A. C. 2015. Liana anatomy: A broad perspective on structural evolution of the vascular system. Pp. 253-287, in Schnitzer, S. A., Bongers, F., Burnham, R. J., & Putz, F. E. (eds), Ecology of Lianas. John Wiley and Blackwell, Chichester.

Angyalossy, V. [et al. 2016], Pace, M. R., Evert, R. F., Marcati, C. R., Oskolski, A. A., Terrazas, T., Kotina, E., Lens, F., Mazzoni-Viveiros, S. C., Angeles, G., Machado, S. R., Crivellaro, A., Rao, K. S., Junikka, L., Nikolaeva, N., & Baas, P. 2016. IAWA List of Microscopic Bark Features. IAWA J. 37: 517-615.

Anholeti, M. C. [et al. 2015], de Paiva, S. R., Figueiredo, M. R., & Kaplan, M. A. C. 2015. Chemosystematic aspects of polyisoprenylated benzophenones from the genus Clusia. An. Acad. Brasileira Ciênc.87: 289-301.

Anisimova, G. M. 2019. Structure and development of anter [sic] of some species of subgenus Esula, genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 104: 171-190. [In Russian.]

Anisimova, G. M., & Shamrov, I. I. 2021. Gynoecium and ovule structure in Sedum kamtschaticum and Sedum palmeri (Crassulaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 106: 363-381. [In Russian.]

Anisimova, G. M., & Shamrov, I. I. 2023. Anther structure in Crassula ericoides, C. intermedia and C. multicava (Crassulaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 108: 334-348. [In Russian.]

Aniszewski, T. 2007. Alkaloids - Secrets of Life. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Anjum, N. A. [et al. 2012], Ahmad, I., Pereira, M. E., Duarte, A. C., Umar, S., & Khan, N. A. (eds.). 2012. The Plant Family Brassicaceae Contribution towards Phytoremediation. Springer, Dordrecht. [Environmental Pollution vol. 21.]

Anke, S. [et al. 2004], Niemüller, D., Moll, S., Hänsch, R., & Ober, D. 2004. Polyphyletic origin of pyrrolizidine alkaloids within the Asteraceae. Evidence from differential tissue expression of homospermidine synthase. Plant Physiol. 136: 4037-4047.

Anneberg, T. J. [et al. 2023], Turcotte, M. M., & Ashman, T.-L. 2023. Plant neopolyploidy and genetic background differentiates the microbiome of duckweed across a variety of natural freshwater sources. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.29.538806

Anonymous. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm.

Anonymous. 2018. Fossils reveal flowers originated 50 million years earlier than thought. BCAS 32: 256-257.

Antipin, M. I., & Choob, V. V. 2019. The structure of leaf trichomes in Proteaceae: Taxonomic value, ecology and development. Wulfenia 26: 22-36.

Anton, A. M., & Cocucci, A. E. 1984. The grass megagametophyte and its possible phylogenetic implications. Plant Syst. Evol. 146: 117-121.

Anton, A. M. [et al. 2014], Hernández-Hernández, T., De-Nova, J. A., & Sosa, V. 2014. Evaluating the phylogenetic position of the monotypic family Halophytaceae (Portulacinae, Caryophyllales) based on plastid and nuclear molecular data sets. Bot. Sci. 92: 351-361.

Anton, S., & Kaminska, M. 2015. Comparative floral spur anatomy and nectary secretion in four representatives of Ranunculaceae. Protoplasma 252: 1587-1601.

Antonelli, A. 2008. Higher level phylogeny and evolutionary trends in Campanulaceae subfam. Lobelioideae: Molecular signal overshadows morphology. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 46: 1-18.

Antonelli, A. 2009. Have giant lobelias evolved several times independently? Life form shifts and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan and highly diverse subfamily Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae). BMC Biology 7: 82 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/82

Antonelli, A., & Sanmartín, I. 2011. Mass extinction, gradual cooling, or rapid radiation? Reconstructing the spatiotemporal evolution of the ancient angiosperm genus Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) using empirical and simulated approaches. Syst. Biol. 60: 596-615.

Antonelli, A. [et al. 2009], Nylader, J. A. A., Persson, C., & Sanmartin, I. 2009. Tracing the impact of the Andean uplift on Neotropical plant evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 9749-9754.

Antonelli, A. [et al. 2010], Humphreys, A. M., Lee, W. G., & Linder, H. P. 2010. Absence of mammals and the evolution of New Zealand grasses. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 278: 695-701.

Antonelli, A. [et al. 2015], Zizka, A., Silvestro, D., Scham, R., Cascales-Miñana, B., & Bacon, C. D. 2015. An engine for global plant diversity: Highest evolutionary turnover and emigration in the American tropics. Front. Genetics 6:130. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00130

Antonio, A. S. [et al. 2020], Veiga-Junior, V. F., & Wiedemann, L. S. M. 2020. Ocotea complex: A metabolomic analysis of a Lauraceae genus. Phytochem. 173:112314. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112314

Antonio-Domingues, H. [et al. 2022], Antunes, L. L. C., Rossi, M. L., Martinelli, A. P., & da Luz, C. F. P. 2022. An update to the palynotaxonomy of the Brazilian species of Aeschynomene sensu stricto and the recently circumscribed genus Ctenodon (Leguminosae – Papilionoideae – Dalbergieae). Grana 61: 321-348.

Antonov, A. S. [et al. 2000], Troitsky, A. V., Samigullin, T. K., Bobrova, V. K., Veliejo-Roman, K. M., & Martin, W. 2000. Early events in the evolution of angiosperms deduced from cp rDNA ITS 2-4 sequence comparisons. Pp. 210-214, in Liu, Y.-H., Fan, H.-M., Chen, Z.-Y., Wu, Q.-G. & Zeng, Q.-W. (eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae, May 18-22, 1998, Guangzhou, China. Science Press, Beijing.

Ao, C. 2021 [= 2020]. The origin of double fertilization in flowering plants: Looking into the history of plant reproduction isolation. Plant Biosyst. 155: 994-1000.

Ao, C. Q. 2008. Pre-zygotic embryological characters of Platycrater arguta, a rare and endangered species endemic to East Asia. J. Plant Biol. 51: 116-121.

Ao, C. Q. 2013. Anther wall development, placentation, sporogenesis and gametogenesis in Smilax davidiana A. DC.: A contribution to the embryology of Smilax. South African J. Bot. 88: 459-465.

Ao, C., & Tobe, H. 2015. Floral morphology and embryology of Helwingia (Helwingiaceae, Aquifoliales): Systematic end evolutionary implications. J. Plant Res. 128: 161-175.

Aoki, S. [et al. 2004], Uehara, K., Imafuku, M., Hasebe, M., & Ito, M. 2004. Phylogeny and diversification of basal angiosperms inferred from APETALA3- and PISTILLATA-like MADS-box genes. J. Plant Res. 117: 229-244.

Aoki, S. [et al. 2013], Ito, M., & Iwasaki, W. 2013. From ß- to α-proteobacteria: The origin and evolution of the rhizobial nodulation genes nodIJ. Molec. Biol. Evol. 30: 2494-2508.

Aoyama, M., & Tsubota, H. 2014. Karyotype analysis of Japanese Burmannia (Burmanniaceae). Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65: 37-42.

Aparicio, A. [et al. 2017], Martín-Hernanz, S., Parejo-Farnés, C., Arroyo, J., Lavergne, S., Yesilyurt, E. B., Zhang, M.-L., Rubio E., & Albaladejo R. G. 2017. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) using plastid and nuclear DNA-sequences: Systematic and evolutionary inferences. Taxon 66: 868-885.

Apesteguía, S. [et al. 2014], Gómez, R. O., & Rougier, G. W. 2014 The youngest South American rhynchocephalian, a survivor of the K/Pg extinction. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 281:20140811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0811

A.P.G. [= Angiosperm Phylogeny Group] 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 531-553.

A.P.G. [= Angiosperm Phylogeny Group] II. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 399-436.

A.P.G. [= Angiosperm Phylogeny Group] III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 161: 105-121.

A.P.G. [= Angiosperm Phylogeny Group] IV. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 1-20.

Apitz, J. [et al. 2013], Weihe, A., Pohlheim, F., & Börner, T. 2013. Biparental inheritance of organelles in Pelargonium: Evidence for intergenomic recombination of DNA. Planta 237: 509-515.

Appanah, S. 1985. General flowering in the climax rain forests of Southeast Asia. J. Trop. Ecol. 1: 225-240.

Appanah, S. 1998. Root symbiosis and nutrition. Pp. 99-114, in Appanah, S., & Turnbull, J. M. (eds), A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, Ecology and Silviculture. CIFOR.

Appanah, S., & Chan, H. T. 1981. Thrips: The pollinators of some dipterocarps. Malaysian Forest. 44: 234-252.

Appanah, S., & Turnbull, J. M. (eds). 1998. A Review of Dipterocarps: Taxonomy, Ecology and Silviculture. Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor.

Appanah, S. [et al. 1993], Gentry, A. H., & LaFrankie, J. V. 1993. Liana diversity and species richnesss of Malaysian rain forests. J. Trop. Forest Sci. 6: 116-123.

Appel, O. 1996. Morphology and systematics of the Scytopetalaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 121: 207-227.

Appel, O. 2004. Scytopetalaceae. Pp. 426-430, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VI. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin.

Appel, O., & Al-Shehbaz, I. 2002. Cruciferae, pp. 75-174, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Appel, O., & Bayer, C. 1998. Flagellariaceae. Pp. 208-211, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Appel, O., & Bayer, C. 2002. Tovariaceae, pp. 397-399, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2011], Smets, E., Razamfimandimbison, S. G., Haevermans, T., van Marle, E. J., Couloux, A., Rabarison, H., Randrianarivelojosia, M., & Keßler, P. J. A. 2011. Phylogeny, evolutionary trends and classification of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade: Morphological and molecular insights. Ann. Bot. 107: 1259-1277.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2012a], Keßler, P. J. A., Smets, E., Razafimandimbison, S. G., & Janssens, S. B. 2012. Age and historical biogeography of the pantropically distributed Spathelioideae (Rutaceae, Sapindales). J. Biogeog. 39: 1235-1250.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2012b], van Heuven, B. J., Lens, F., & Baas, P. 2012b. Phylogenetic and ecological signals in the wood of Spathelioideae (Rutaceae). IAWA J. 33: 337-353.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2014a], Wen, J., Wood, K. R., Allan, G. J., Zimmer, E. A., & Wagner, W. L. 2014a. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hawaiian Rutaceae (Melicope, Platydesma and Zanthoxylum) and their different colonization patterns. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 174: 425-448. doi:10.1111/boj.12123

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2014b], Wen, J., & Wagner, W. L. 2014b. A molecular phylogeny of Acronychia, Euodia, Melicope and relatives reveals polyphyletic genera and key innovations for species richness. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 79: 54-68.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2016], Krohm, S., Manafzadeh, S., & Wen, J. 2016. Phylogenetic placement of Psilopeganum, a rare monotypic genus of Rutaceae (the citrus family) endemic to China. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 535-544.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2018a], Reichelt, N., Groppo, M., Paetzold, C., & Wen, J. 2018a. Phylogeny and biogeography of the pantropical genus Zanthoxylum and its closest relatives in the proto-Rutaceae group (Rutaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 126: 31-44.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2018b], Wen, J., Duretto, M., Crayn, D., & Wagner, W. L. 2018b. Historical biogeography of Melicope (Rutaceae) and its close relatives with a special emphasis on Pacific dispersals. J. Syst. Evol. 56: 576-599.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2020], Paetzold, C., Wood, K. R., & Wagner, W. L. 2020. RADseq resolves the phylogeny of Hawaiian Myrsine and provides evidence for hybridization. J. Syst. Evol. 58: 823-840.

Appelhans, M. S. [et al. 2021], Bayly, M. J., Heslewood, M. M., Groppo, M, Verboom, G. A., Forster, P. I., Kallunki, J. A., & Duretto, M. F. 2021. A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70: 1035-1061.

Apple, M. E. [et al. 2005], Thee, C. I., Smith-Longozo, V. L., Cogar, C. R., Wells, C. E., & Nowak, R. S. 2005. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Larrea tridentata and Ambrosia dumosa roots varies with precipitation and season in the Mojave desert. Symbiosis 39: 131-135.

Applequist, W. L. 2016. A reconsideration of the infrageneric classification of Homalium Jacq. (Salicaceae). Candollea 71: 231-256.

Applequist,& E W. L., & Wallace, R. S. 1999. An ndhF phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort: Re-examination of evolution within a group of related familie[s.] P. 429, in XVI International Botanical Congress: Abstracts. [Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.]

Applequist, W. L., & Wallace, R. S. 2000. Phylogeny of the Madagascan endemic family Didiereaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 221: 157-166.

Applequist, W. L., & Wallace, R. S. 2001. Phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort based on ndhF sequence data. Syst. Bot. 26: 406-419.

Applequist, W. L., & Wallace, R. S. 2003. Expanded circumscription of Didiereaceae and its division into three subfamilies. Adansonia Sér. 3, 25: 13-16.

Applequist, W. L. [et al. 2006], Wagner, W. L., Zimmer, E. A., & Nepokroeff, M. 2006. Molecular evidence resolving the systematic position of Hectorella (Portulacaceae). Syst. Bot. 31: 310-319.

Appleton, A. D., & Kramer E. M. 2024a. Genetic architecture of novel floral organs. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 185: 211-217.

Appleton, A. D., & Kramer E. M. 2024b. Diversifying floral organ identity. Curr. Opinion Plant Biol. 80:102550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102550

Appleton, A. D., & Schenk, J. J. 2021. Evolution and development of staminodes in Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 182: 377-388.

Arabi, Z. [et al. 2022], Ghahremaninejad, F., Rabeler, R. K., Sokolova, I., Weigend, M., & Zarre, S. 2017. Seed micromorphology and its systematic significance in tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae). Flora 234: 41-59.

Arabi, Z. [et al. 2022], Ghahremaninejad, F., Rabeler, R. K., Heubl, G., & Zarre, S. 2022. Intergeneric relationships within the tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 sequences: A step toward a phylogenetically based generic system. Taxon 71: 608-629.

Araujo, R. de C. M. dos S. [et al. 2019], Nunes, T. S., Saba, M. D., Andrade, B. R., do Nascimento, A. P., & dos Santos, F. de A. R. 2020 [= 2019]. Palynotaxonomy of Brazilian species of Passiflora sensu stricto. Acta Bot. Brasilica 34: 54-65.

Arakaki, M. [et al. 2011], Christin, P.-A., Nyffeler, R., Lendel, A., Eggli, U., Ogburn, R. M., Spriggs, E., Moore, M. J., & Edwards, E. J. 2011. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world's major suculent lineages. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 108: 8379-8384.

Araújo, E. F. de [et al. 2003], de Queiroz, L. P., & Machado, M. A. 2003. What is Citrus? Taxonomic implications from a study of cp-DNA evolution in tribe Citreae (Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae). Organisms Divers. Evol. 3: 55-62.

Arber, A. 1919. Studies on intrafascicular cambium in monocotyledons (III and IV). Ann. Bot. 33: 459-465.

Arber, A. 1921. The leaf structure of the Iridaceae, considered in relation to the phyllode theory. Ann. Bot. 35: 301-336.

Arber, A. 1920. Water Plants: A Study of Aquatic Angiosperms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Arber, A. 1922. On the leaf-tips of certain monocotyledons. J. Bot. Linn. Soc. 45: 467-476.

Arber, A. 1924a. Danae, Ruscus, and Semele: A morphological study. Ann. Bot. 38: 229-260.

Arber, A. 1924b. Myrsiphyllum and Asparagus. Ann. Bot. 38: 635-659.

Arber, A. 1925. Monocotyledons: A Morphological Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Arber, A. 1934. The Gramineae: A Study of Cereal, Bamboo, and Grass. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Arber, A. 1937. Studies in flower structure. III. On the 'corona' and androecium in certain Amaryllidaceae. Ann. Bot. N.S. 1: 293-304.

Arber, A. 1941. On the morphology of the pitcher-leaves in Heliamphora, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia. Cephalotus, and Nepenthes. Ann. Bot. N.S. 5: 563-578.

Arbo, M. M. 2006. Turneraceae. Pp. 458-466, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume IX. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales.... Springer, Berlin.

Arbo, M. M. 2008. Estudios sistemáticos en Turnera (Turneraceae). IV. Series Leiocarpae, Conciliatae, y Sessiliflorae. Bonplandia 17: 107-334.

Arbo, M. M., & Espert, S. M. 2009. Morphology, phylogeny and biogeography of Turnera L. (Turneraceae). Taxon 58: 457-467.

Arbo, M. M. [et al. 2015], Gonzalez, A. M., & Sede, S. M. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships within Turneraceae based on morphological characters with emphasis on seed micromorphology. Plant Syst. Evol. 301: 1907-1926.

Arbonnier, M. 2002. Arbres, arbustes et lianes des zones sèches d'Afrique del'Ouest. CIRAD, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

Arceo-Gómez, G. [et al. 2011], Martínez, M. L., Parra-Tabla, V., & García-Franco, J. G. 2011. Anther and stigma morphology in mirror-image flowers of Chamaecrista chamaecristoides (Fabaceae): Implications for buzz pollination. Plant Biol. 13 (suppl. 1): 19-24.

Archambault, A., & Strömvik, M. V. 2012. Evolutionary relationships in Oxytropis species, as estimated from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences point to multiple expansions into the Arctic. Botany 90: 770-779.

Archibald, J. D. [et al. 2010], Clemens, W. A., Padian, K., Rowe, J. T. Macleod, N., Barrett, P. M., Gale, A., Holroyd, P., Sues, H.-D., Arens, N. C., Horner, J. R., Wilsoin, G. P., Goodwin, M. B., Brochu, C. A., Lofgren, D. L., Hurlbert, S. H., Hartman, J. H., Eberth, D. A., Wignall, P. B., Currie, P. J., Weil, A., Prasad, G. V. R., Dingus, L., Courtillot, V., Milner, A., Milner, A., Bajpai, S., Ward, D. J., & Sahni, A. 2010. Cretaceous extinctions: Multiple causes. Science 328: 973.

Archibald, J. K. [et al. 2014], Kephart, S. R., Theiss, K. E., Petrosky, A. L., & Culley, T. 2014. Multi-locus phylogenetic inference in subfamily Chlorogaloideae and related genera of Agavaceae, informing questions in taxonomy at multiple ranks. P. 199, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Archibald, J. K. [et al. 2015], Kephart, S. R., Theiss, K. E., Petrosky, A. L., & Culley, T. M. 2015. Multilocus phylogenetic inference in subfamily Chlorogaloideae and related genera of Agavaceae - informing questions in taxonomy at multiple ranks. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 84: 266-283.

Archibald, J. K. [et al. 2017], Cook, J., Anderson, B., Johnson, S. D., & Mort, M. E. 2017. A reassessment of the phylogeny and circumscription of Zaluzianskya (Scrophulariaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 112: 194-208.

Archibald, S., & Hempson, G. P. 2016. Competing consumers: Contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B, 371:20150309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0309

Archibald, S. B. [et al. 2010], Bossert, W. H., Greenwood, D. R., & Farrell, B. D. 2010. Seasonality, the latitudinal gradient of diversity, and Eocene insects. Paleobiol. 36: 374-398.

Archibald, S. B. [et al. 2012], Greenwood, D. R., & Mathewes, R. W. 2013 [= 2012]. Seasonality, montane beta diversity, and Eocene insects: Testing Janzen's dispersal hypothesis in an equable world. Palaeogeog. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 371: 1-8. DOI: 0.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.043

Archibald, S. B. [et al. 2014], Morse, G. E., Greenwood, D. R., & Mathewes, R. W. 2014. Fossil palm beetles refine upland winter temperatures in the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 111: 8095-8100.

Arditti, J. 1967. Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds. Bot. Review 33: 1-97.

Arditti, J., & Ghani, A. K. A. 2000. Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications. New Phytol. 145: 367-421.

Arditti, J. [et al. 2012], Elliott, J., Kitching, I. J., & Wasserthal, L. T. 2012. 'Good Heavens what insect can suck it' - Charles Darwin, Angraecum sesquipedale and Xanthopan morganii praedicta. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 169: 403-432.

Ardley, J. K. [et al. 2013], Reeve, W. G., O'Hara, G. W., Yates, R. J., Dilworth, M. J., & Howieson, J. G. 2013. Nodule morphology, symbiotic specificity and association with unusual rhizobia are distinguishing features of the genus Listia within the southern African crotalarioid clade Lotononis s.l.. Ann. Bot. 112: 1-15.

Ardley, J. K. [et al. 2015], Garau, G., Yates, R. J., Parker, M., O'Hara, G. W., Reeve, W. G., de Meyer, S., Walker, R., Dilworth, M. J., Willems, A., Watkin, E., Ratnayake, S., & Howieson, J. G. 2015. Variations on a theme: Novel rhizobial strains of Burkholderia, Methylobacterium and Microvirga demonstrate the diversity of root nodule bacteria/legume symbioses. Pp. 121-136, in Fortunato, R. (ed.), V Conferencia Internacional de Leguminosas (VILC). CICCUS, Argentina.

Areces-Berazain, F., & Ackerman, J. D. 2016. Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 171-198.

Areces-Berazain, F., & Ackerman, J. D. 2017. Diversification and fruit evolution in eumalvoids (Malvaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 184: 401-417.

Arekal, G. D. 1963. Embryological studies in Canadian respresentatives of the tribe Rhinantheae, Scrophulariaceae. Canadian J. Bot. 41: 267-2302.

Arekal, G. D. 1967. Contributions to the embryology of Hypoxis aurea Lour. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 46: 193-198.

Arekal, G. D., & Nagendran, C. R. 1975. Embryo sac of Hydrobryopsis sessilis (Podostemaceae) - origin, organization and significance. Bot. Notis. 128: 332-338.

Arekal, G. D., & Nagendran, C. R. 1977a. Female gametophytes of Zeylanidium (Podostemaceae). A clarification. Phytomorphology 27: 123-129.

Arekal, G. D., & Nagendran, C. R. 1977b. The female gametophyte in two Indian genera of Tristichoideae (Podostemaceae): A reinvestigation. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B, 86: 287-294.

Arekal, G. D., & Ramaswamy, S. N. 1980. Embryology of Eriocaulon hookerianum Stapf and the systematic position of Eriocaulaceae. Bot. Notis. 133: 295-309.

Arekal, G. D., & Shivamurthy, G. R. 1976. "Seed" germination in Balanophora abbreviata. Phytomorph. 26: 135-138.

Arekal, G. D., & Shivamurthy, G. R. 1978. Female gametophyte in two species of Balanophora - a reinvestigation. Phytomorph. 28: 7-13.

Arellano, G. [et al. 2016], Jørgensen, P. M., Fuentes, A. F., Loza, M. I., Torrez,& E V., & Macía, M. J. 2016. Oligarchic patterns in tropical forests: Role of the spatial extent, environmental heterogeneity and diversity. J. Biogeog. 43: 616-626.

Arellano-Saab, A. [et al. 2021], Bunsick, M., Al Galib, H., Zhao, W., Schuetz, S., Bradley, J. M., Xu, Z., Adityani, C., Subha, A., McKay, H., de Saint Germain, A., Boyer, F.-D., McErlean, C. S. P., Toh, S., McCourt, P., Stogios, P. J., & Lumba, S. 2021. Three mutations repurpose a plant karrikin receptor to a strigolactone receptor. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 118:e2103175118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2103175118

Arènes, J. 1957. Répartition géographique des Malpighiacées vivantes et fossiles (1). Compte Rendue Séances Somm. Soc. Biog. 290: 81-108.

Arens, N. C., Strömberg, C., & Thompson, A. 1998. Virtual paleobotany laboratory.

Arévalo, R., & Cameron, K. M. 2013. Molecular phylogenetics of Mormolyca (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) based on combined molecular data sets. Lankesteriana 13: 1-11.

Arévalo, R. [et al. 2017a], van Ee, B. W., Riina, R., Berry, P. E., & Wiedenhoeft, A. C. 2017a. Force of habit: Shrubs, trees and contingent evolution of wood anatomical diversity using Croton (Euphorbiaceae) as a model system. Ann. Bot. 119: 563-579.

Arévalo, R. [et al. 2017b], Carlsward, B. S., Bergquist, G., & Cameron, K. M. 2017b. Comparative labellar micro-morphology of Mormolyca (Maxillariinae: Orchidaceae). Pp. 10-30, in Campbell, L. M., Davis, J. I., Meerow, A. W., Naczi, R. F. C., Stevenson, D. M., & Thomas, W. W. (eds), Diversity and Phylogeny of the Monocotyledons. Contributions from Monocots V. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. [Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 118.]

Arévalo-Rodrigues, G. [et al. 2020], de Almeida, R. F., & Cardoso-Gustavson, P. 2020. Anatomy of staminal glands in the stigmatophylloid clade sheds light into new morphotypes of elaiophores and osmophores in Malpighiaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 306:56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01680-w

Arévalo-Rodrigues, G. [et al. 2022], Cardoso-Gustavson, P., & Barros, F. 2022. Floral gland diversity in Pleurothallidinae (Epidendroideae-Orchidaceae). Flora 207:152179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2022.152179

Argent, G. 2006. Rhododendrons of Subgenus Vireya. Royal Horticultural Society, [London].

Argent, G. 2019. Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh J. Bot. 76: 55-172.

Argout, X. [et al. 2010], Salse, J., Aury, J. M., Guiltinan, M. J., Droc, G., Gouzy, J., Allegre, M., Chaparro, C., Legavre, T., Maximova, S. N., Abrouk, M., Murat, F., Fouet, O., Poulain, J., Ruiz, M., Roguet, Y., Rodier-Goud, M., Barbosa-Neto, J. F., Sabot, F., Kudrna, D., Ammiraju, J. S. S., Schuster, S. C., Carlson, J. E., Sallet, E., Schiex T., Dievart, A., Kramer, M., Gelley, L., Shi, Z., Bérard, A., Viot, C., Boccara, M., Risterucci, A. M., Guignon, V., Sabau, X., Axtell, M., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y., Brown, S., Bourge, M., Golser, W., Song, X., Clement, D., Rivalan, R., Tahi, M., Akaza, J. M., Pitollat, B., Gramacho, K., D'Hont, A., Brunel, D., Infante, D., Kebe, I., Costet, P., Wing, R., McCombie, W. R., Guiderdoni, E., Quetier, F., Panaud, O., Wincker, P., Sidibe-Bocs, S. & Lanaud, C. 2010. The genome of Theobroma cacao. Nature Genetics 43: 101-10.

Argue, C. L. 1980. Pollen morphology in the genus Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance. American J. Bot. 67: 68-87.

Argue, C. L. 1981. The taxonomic implications of pollen morphology in some South American species of Mimulus (Scrophulariaceae). American J. Bot. 68: 200-205.

Argue, C. L. 1984. Pollen morphology in Dodartia, Lancea, Leucucarpus, and Mazus and an analysis of pollen morphotypes in the Mimuleae (Scrophulariaceae). Canadian J. Bot. 62: 1287-1297.

Argue, C. L. 1985. Pollen morphology in the genera Monttea and Melosperma (Scrophulariaceae). American J. Bot. 72: 1248-1255.

Argueso, C. T., & Kieber, J. J. 2024. Cytokinin: From autoclaved DNA to two-component signaling. Plant Cell 36: 1429-1450.

Arias, J. D. [et al. 2022], & Manzitto-Tripp, E., Kiel, C. A., McDade, L. A., & Fisher, A. E. 2022. An evolutionary framework of Acanthaceae based on transcriptomes and genome skims. Syst. Bot. 47: 716-728.

Arias, S., & Terrazas, T. 2006. Análisis cladistico del género Pachycereus Cactaceae) con caracteres morfológicos. Brittonia 58: 197-216.

Arias, T., & Pires, J. C. 2012. A fully resolved phylogeny of the brassica crops and wild relatives (Brassicaceae: Brassiceae): Novel clades and potential taxonomic implications. Taxon 61: 980-988.

Arias, T., & Williams, J. H. 2008. Embryology of Manekia naranjoana (Piperaceae) and the origin of tetrasporic, 16-nucleate female gametophytes in Piperales. American J. Bot. 95: 272-285.

Arias, T. [et al. 2014a], Beilstein, M. A., Tang, M., McKain, M. R., & Pires, J. C. 2014a. Diversification times among Brassica (Brassicaceae) crops suggest hybrid formation after 20 million years of divergence. American J. Bot. 101: 86-91.

Arias, T. [et al. 2014b], Lundberg, M., Xue, B., Daniels, T., & Saunders, R. M. K. 2014b. Phylogenomics of the early-divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae: Resolving intertribal and intergeneric relationships in the recalcitrant Malmeoideae subfamily. Pp. 214-215, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Arias-Agudelo, L. M. [et al. 2019], González, F., Isaza, J. P., Alzate, J. F., & Pabón-Mora, N. 2019. Plastome reduction and gene content in New World Pilostyles (Apodanthaceae) unveils high similarities to African and Australian congeners. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 135: 193-202.

Ariizumi, T., & Toriyama, K. 2011. Genetic regulation of sporopollenin synthesis and pollen exine development. Ann. Review Plant Biol. 62: 437-460.

Arimura, G.-i., & Maffei, M. 2017. Plant Specialized Metabolism. Genomics, Biochemistry, and Biological Functions. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Aris-Brosou, S. 2003. Least and most powerful phylogenetic tests to elucidate the origin of seed plants in the presence of conflicting signals under misspecified models. Syst. Biol. 52: 781-793.

Arita, H. T., & Vázquez-Domínguez, E. 2008. The tropics: Cradle, museum or casino? A dynamic null model for latitudinal gradients of species diversity. Ecol. Lett. 11: 653-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01197.x

Ariza-Cortés, W. [et al. 2022], Cortés-B., R., & Fernández-Alonso, L. 2022. Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia. Phytotaxa 541: 89-112.

Arizmendi, M. del C. [et al. 2002], Valiente-Banuet, A., Rojas-Martínez, A., & Dávila-Aranda, P. 2002. Pp. 264-282, in Fleming, T. H., & Valiente-Banuet, A. (eds), Columnar Cacti and Their Mutualists: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation. University of Arizona, Tucson.

Armani, M. [et al 2019], Charles-Dominique, T., Barton, K. E., & Tomlinson, K. W. 2019. Developmental constraints and resource environment shape early emergence and investment in spines in saplings. Ann. Bot. 124: 1133-1142. See also Coverdale, T. C. 2019. Defence emergency during eary ontogeny reveals important differences between spines, thorns and prickles. Ann. Bot. 124: iii-iv.

Armbruster, W. S. 1984. The role of resin in angiosperm pollination: Ecological and chemical considerations. American J. Bot. 71: 1149-1160.

Armbruster, W. S. 1993. Evolution of plant pollination systems: Hypotheses and tests with the Neotropical vine Dalechampia. Evolution 47: 1480-1505.

Armbruster, W. S. 1996. Evolution of floral morphology and function: An integrative approach to adaptation, constraint, and compromise in Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). Pp. 241-272, in Lloyd, D. G., & Barrett, S. C. H. (eds), Floral Biology: Studies in Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants. Chapman & Hall, New York.

Armbruster, W. S. 2012. Evolution and ecological implications of "specialized" pollinator rewards. Pp. 44-67, in Patiny, S. (ed.), Evolution of Plant-Pollinator Relationships. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Armbruster, W. S. 2014. Floral specialization and angiosperm diversity: Phenotypic divergence, fitness trade-offs and realized pollination accuracy. AoB Plants 6:plu003. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plu003

Armbruster, W. S. 2017. The specialization continuum in pollination systems: Diversity of concepts and implications for ecology, evolution and conservation. Funct. Ecol. 31: 88-100.

Armbruster, W. S., & Muchhala, N. 2009. Associations between floral specialization and species diversity: Cause, effect, or correlation? Evol. Ecol. 23: 159-179.

Armbruster, W. S. [et al. 1994], Edwards, M. E., & Debevec, E. M. 1994. Character displacement generates assemblage structure of western Australian triggerplants (Stylidium). Ecology 75: 315-329.

Armbruster, W. S. [et al. 2002], Debevec, E. M., & Willson, M. F. 2002. Evolution of syncarpy in angiosperms: Theoretical and phylogenetic analyses of the effects of carpel fusion on offspring quantity and quality. J. Evol. Biol. 15: 657-672.

Armbruster, W. S [et al. 2006], Pérez-Barrales, R., Arroyo, J., Edwards, M. E., & Vargas, P. 2006. Three-dimensional reciprocity of floral morphs in wild flax (Linum suffruticosum): A new twist on heterostyly. New Phytol. 171: 581-590.

Armbruster, W. S [et al. 2009a], Hansen, T. F., & Pélabon, C., Pérez-Barrales, R., & Maad, J. 2009a. The adaptive accuracy of flowers: Measurement and microevolutionary patterns. Ann. Bot. 103: 1529-1545.

Armbruster, W. S. [et al. 2009b], Lee, J., & Baldwin, B. G. 2009b. Macroevolutionary patterns of defense and pollination in Dalechampia vines: Adaptation, exaption, and evolutionary novelty. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 18085-18090.

Armbruster, W. S. [et al. 2013a], Shi, X.-Q., & Huang, S.-Q. 2014 [= 2013a]. Do specialized flowers promote reproductive isolation? Realized pollination accuracy of three sympatric Pedicularis species. Ann. Bot. 113: 331-340.

Armbruster, W. S. [et al. 2013b], Lee, J., Edwards, M. E., & Baldwin, B. G. 2013b. Floral paedomorphy leads to secondary specialization in pollination of Madagascar Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). Evolution 67: 1196-1203.

Armon, S. [et al. 2011], Efrati, E., Kupferman, R., & Sharon, E. 2011. Geometry and mechanics in the opening of chiral seed pods. Science 333: 1726-1730.

Armstead, I. [et al. 2007], Donnison, I., Aubry, S., Harper, J., Hörtensteiner, S., James, C., Mani, J., Moffet, M., Ougham, H., Roberts, L., Thomas, A., Weeden, N., Thomas, H., & King, I. 2007. Cross-species identification of Mendel's I locus. Science 315: 73.

Armstrong, J., & Armstrong, W. 2009. Record rates of pressurized gas-flow in the great horsetail, Equisetum telmateia. Were Carboniferous Calamites similarly aerated? New Phytol. 184: 202-215.

Armstrong, J., & Armstrong, W. 2011. Reasons for the presence or absence of convective (pressurized) ventilation in the genus Equisetum. New Phytol. 190: 190: 387-397. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03539.x

Armstrong, J. A. 1979. Biotic pollination mechanism in the Australian flora — a review. New Zealand J. Bot. 17: 467-508.

Armstrong, J. E. 1985. The delimitation of Bignoniaceae and Scrophulariaceae based on floral anatomy, and the placement of problem genera. American J. Bot. 72: 755-766.

Armstrong, J. E. 1986. Comparative floral anatomy of the Solanaceae: Some preliminary results. Pp. 120-131, in D'Arcy, W. G. (ed.), The Solanaceae: Biology and Systematics. Columbia University Press, New York.

Armstrong, J. E. 1988. The suppression and loss of androecial primordia and their affect on corolla form in Scrophulariaceae. American J. Bot. 75(abstracts): 17-18.

Armstrong, J. E. 1992. Lever action anthers and the forcible shedding of pollen in Torenia (Scrophulariaceae). American J. Bot. 79: 34-40.

Armstrong, J. E., & Douglas, A. W. 1989. The ontogenetic basis for corolla aestivation in Scrophulariaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116: 378-389.

Armstrong, J. E., & Irvine, A. K. 1990. Fuctions of staminodia in beetle-pollinated flowers of Eupomatia laurina. Biotropica 22: 429-431.

Armstrong, J. E., & Tucker, S. C. 1986. Floral development in Myristica (Myristicaceae). American J. Bot. 73: 1131-1143.

Armstrong, J. E., & Wilson, T. K. 1978. Floral morphology of Horsfieldia (Myristicaceae). American J. Bot. 65: 441-449.

Armstrong, K. E. [et al. 2014], Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Valderrama, E., Anderberg, A. A., Smedmark, J., Gautier, L., Naciri, Y., Milne, R., & Richardson, J. E. 2014. Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: A case study in Sapotaceae. Front. Genet.5:362. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00362

Arnal, C. 1945. Recherches Morphologiques et Physiologiques sur la Fleur des Violacées. Thèses, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dijon.

Arnaud-Haond, S. [et al. 2012], Duarte, C. M., Diaz-Almela, E., Marbà, N., Sintes, T., & Serrão, E. A. 2012. Implications of extreme life span in clonal organisms: Millenary clones in meadows of the threatened seagrass Posidonia oceanica. PLoS ONE 7(2):e30454. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030454

Arnold, A. E. 2008. Endophytic fungi: Hidden components of tropical community ecology. Pp. 254-271, in Carson, W. F., & Schnitzer, S. A. (eds), Tropical Forest Community Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.

Arnold, A. E., & Engelbrecht, B. M. J. 2007. Fungal endophytes nearly double minimum leaf conductance in seedlings of a Neotropical tree species. J. Trop. Ecol. 23: 369-372.

Arnold, A. E., & Lutzoni, F. 2007. Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: Are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology 88: 541-549.

Arnold, A. E. [et al. 2001], Maynard, Z., & Gilbert, G. S. 2001. Fungal endophytes in dicotyledonous Neotropical trees: Patterns of abundance and diversity. Mycol. Res. 105: 1502-1507.

Arnold, A. E. [et al. 2009a], Miadlikowska, J., Uren, J. M., del Olmo-Ruiz, M, Hoffman, M. T., Gaya, E., & Lutzoni, F. 2009. Evolutionary perspectives on the origins of endophytic fungi. P. 15, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Arnold, A. E. [et al. 2009b], Miadlikowska, J., Higgins, K. L., Sarvate, S. D., Gugger, P., Way, A., Hofstetter, V., Kauf, F., & Lutzoni, F. 2009b. A phylogenetic estimation of trophic transition networks for ascomycetous fungi: Are lichens cradles of symbiotrophic fungal diversification? Syst. Biol. 58: 283-297.

Arnold, S. E. J. [et al. 2014], Idrovo, M. E. P., Arias, L. J. L., Belmain, S. R., & Stevenson, P. C. 2014. Herbivore defence compounds occur in pollen and reduce bumblebee colony fitness. J. Chem. Ecol.40: 878-881. doi: 10.10007/s10886-014-0467-4

Arnoux-Courseaux, M., & Coudert, Y. 2024. Re-examining meristems through the lens of evo-devo. Trends Plant Sci. 29: 413-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.003

Arora, N. 1953. The embryology of Zizyphus rotundifolia Lamk. Phytomorph. 3: 88-98.

Arribére, M. C. [et al. 1998], Cortadi, A. A., Gattuso, M. A., Bettiol, M. P., Priolo, N. S., & Caffini, N. O. 1998. Comparison of Asclepiadaceae latex proteases and characterization of Morrenia brachystephana Griseb. cysteine peptidases. Phytochem. Analysis 9: 267-273.

Arrighi, J.-F. [et al. 2014], Chaintreuil, C., Cartieaux, F., Cardi, C., Rodier-Goud, M., Brown, S. C., Boursot, M., D'Hont, A., Dreyfus, B., & Giraud, E. 2014. Radiation of the Nod-independent Aeschynomene relies on multiple allopolyploid speciation events. New Phytol. 201: 1457-1468.

Arrigo, N. [et al. 2013], Therrein, J., Anderson, C. L., Windham, M. D., Haufler, C. H., & Barker, M. S. 2013. A total evidence approach to understanding phylogenetic relationships and ecological diversity in Selaginella subg. Tetragonostachys. American J. Bot. 100: 1672-1682.

Arrington, J. M. 2004. Systematics of the Cistaceae. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Biology, Duke University.

Arrington, J. M., & Kubitzki, K. 2002. Cistaceae, pp. 62-70, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Arriola, A. H. [et al. 2018], Davis, A. P., Davies, N. M. J., Meve, U., Liede-Schumann, L. & Alejandro, G. J. D. 2018. Using multiple plastid DNA regions to construct the first phylogenetic tree for Asian genera of Coffeeae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 188: 132-143.

Arróniz-Crespo, M. [et al. 2022], Bougoure, J., Murphy, D. V., Cutler, N. A., Souza-Egipsy, V., Chaput, D. L., Jones, D. L., Ostle, N., Wade, S. C., Clode, P. L., & DeLuca, T. H. 2022. Revealing the transfer pathways of cyanobacterial-fixed N into the boreal forest through the feather-moss microbiome. Front. Plant Sci. 13:1036258. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036258

Arroyo, S. C. 1982. Anatomia vegetativa de Ixiolirion Fisch. ex Herb. (Liliales) y su significado taxonomia. Parodiana 1: 271-286.

Arroyo, S. 1986. Leaf anatomy in the Tecophilaeaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 93: 323-328.

Arroyo, S. C., & Cutler, D. F. 1984. Evolutionary and taxonomic aspects of the internal morphology in Amaryllidaceae from South America and Southern Africa. Kew Bull. 39: 467-498.

Arruda, E., & Melo-de-Pinna, G. F. 2010. Wide-band tracheids (WBTs) of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic stems in species of Cactaceae. J. Torrey Bot. Club 137: 16-29.

Artabe, A., & Brea, M. 2003. A new approach to Corystospermales based on Triassic permineralized stems from Argentina. Alcheringia 27: 209-229.

Artabe, A. E., & Stevenson, D. W. 1999. Fossil Cycadales from Argentina. Bot. Review 65: 219-238.

Arthan, W. [et al. 2017], McKain, M. R., Traiperm, P., Welker, C. A. O., Teischer, J. K., & Kellogg, E. A. Phylogenomics of Andropogoneae (Panicoideae: Poaceae) of mainland Southeast Asia. Syst. Bot. 42: 418-431.

Arthan, W. [et al. 2021], Dunning, L. T., Besnard, G., Kellogg, E. A., Hackel, J., Lehmann, C. E. R., Mitchley, J., & Vorontsova, M. S. 2021. Complex evolutionary history of two ecologically significant grass genera, Themeda and Heteropogon (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 196: 437-455.

Artur, M. A. S. [et al. 2018], Zhao, T., Ligterink, W., Schranz, E., & Hilhorst, H. W. M. 2019 [= 2018]. Dissecting the genomic diversification of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein gene families in plants. Genome Biol. Evol. 11: 459-471.

Asai, T. 1934. Über das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung der Wurzelpilze in den Landpflanzen. Japanese J. Bot. 7: 107-150.

Asar, Y. [et al. 2022], Ho, S. Y. W., & Sauquet, H. 2022. Early diversifications of angiosperms and their insect pollinators: Were they unlinked? Trends Plant Sci. 27: 858-869

Ascoli, D. [et al. 2021], Hacket-Pain, A., Pearse, I. S., Vacchiano, G., Corti, S., & Davini, P. 2021. Modes of climate variability bridge proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of masting. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B, 376:20200380. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0380

Aserse, A. A. [et al. 2012], Räsänen, L. A., Aseffa, F., Hailemariam, A., & Lindström, K. 2012. Phylogenetically diverse groups of Bradyrhizobium isolated from nodules of Crotalaria spp., Indigofera spp., Erythrina brucei and Glycine max growing in Ethiopia. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 65: 595-609.

Ash, S. R., & Creber, G. T. 2000. The Late Triassic Araucarioxylon arizonicum trees of Petfied Forest national park, Arizona, USA. Palaeontol. 43: 15-28.

Ashburner, K., & McAllister, H. A. 2013. The Genus Betula, A Taxonomic Revision of Birches. Kew Publishing.

Ashburner, M. 1998. Speculation on the subject of alcohol dehydrogenase and its properties in Drosophila and other flies. BioEssays 20: 949-954.

Ashokan, A. [et al. 2022a], Xavier, A., Suksathan, P., Ardiyani, M., Leong‐Skornicková, J., Newman, M., Kress, W. J., & Gowda, V. 2022a. Himalayan orogeny and monsoon intensification explain species diversification in an endemic ginger (Hedychium: Zingiberaceae) from the Indo‐Malayan Realm. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 170:107440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107440

Ashokan, A. [et al. 2022b], Leong‐Skornicková, J., Suksathan, P., Newman, M., Kress, W. J., & Gowda, V. 2022b. Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium: Revisiting Darwin's predictions using an integrative taxonomic approach. American J. Bot. 109: 1410-1427.

Ashour, M. L. [et al. 2013], Ayoub, N. A., Singab, A. N. B., & Al Azizi, M. M. 2013. Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba): A comprehensive pharmacognostic study. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 2: 97-120.

Ashton, P. S. 1982. Dipterocarpaceae. Pp. 237-552, in van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 9(2). Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Ashton, P. S. 2002. Dipterocarpaceae, pp. 182-197, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Ashton, P. S. 2014. On the Forests of Tropical Asia. Lest the Memory Fade. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Ashton, P. S., & Hall, P. 1992. Comparisons of structure among mixed dipterocarp forests of northwestern Borneo. J. Ecol. 80: 459-481.

Ashton, P. S., & Heckenhauer, J. 2022. Tribe Shoreae (Dipterocarpaceae subfamily Dipterocarpoideae) finally dissected. Kew Bull. 77: 885-903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-022-10057-w

Ashton, P. S. [et al. 1988], Givnish, T. J., & Appanah, S. 1988. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: New insights into floral indiction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the seasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132: 44-66.

Ashton, P. S. [et al. 2021], Morley, R. J., Heckenhauer, J., & Prasad, V. 2021. The magnificent dipterocarps: Précis for an epitaph? Kew Bull. 76: 87-125.

Ashworth, V. E. T. M. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) inferred from three regions of the nuclear ribosomal cistron. I. Major lineages and paraphyly of Phoradendron. Syst. Bot. 25: 349-370.

Ashworth, V. E. T. M. 2017. Revisiting phylogenetic relationships in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae): Utility of the trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA and presence of a homoplasious inversion in the intergenic spacer. Botany 95: 247-258.

Asim, M. [et al. 2010], Hussien, H., Poveda, L., Arnason, J. T., & Durst, T. 2010. Triterpenoids from the bark of Ruptiliocarpon caracolito. Phytochem. 71: 1418-1422.

Asinelli, M. E. C. [et al. 2011], de Souza, M. C., & Mourão, K. S. M. 2011. Fruit ontogeny of Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae). Acta Bot. Brasilica 25: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062011000100007

Asker, S. E., & Jerling, L. 1992. Apomixis in Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Askgaard, A. [et al. 2008], Stauffer, F. W., Hodel, D. R., & Barfod, A. S. 2008. Floral structure in the Neotropical palm genus Chamaedorea (Arecoideae, Arecaceae). Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 65: 197-210.

Askin, R. A. 1989. Edemism and heterochroneity in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) to Paleocene palynofloras of Seymour Island, Antarctica: Implications for origins, dispersal and palaeoclimates of southern floras. Pp. 107-119, in Crame, J. A. (ed), Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. Geological Society of London, London. [Geological Society Special Publication 47.]

Asmarayani, R. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships in Malesian-Pacific Piper (Piperaceae) and their implications for systematics. Taxon 67: 693-724.

Asmarayani, R. 2023 [= 2022]. Piper section Muldera (Piperaceae) of the Malay Peninsula: Variation and species limits. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 201: 175-197. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boac038

Asmussen, C. B., & Chase, M. W. 2001. Coding and non-coding plastid DNA in palm systematics. American J. Bot. 88: 1103-1117.

Asmussen, C. B., & Liston, A. 1998. Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae). American J. Bot. 85: 387-401.

Asmussen, C. B. [et al. 2000], Baker, W. J., & Dransfield, J. 2000. Phylogeny of the palm family (Arecaceae) based on rps16 intron and trnL-trnF plastid DNA sequences. Pp. 525-535, in Wilson, K. L., & Morrison, D. A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.

Asmussen, C. B. [et al. 2006], Dransfield, J., Deickmann, V., Barfod, A. S., Pintaud, J.-C., & Baker, W. J. 2006. A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): Evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 151: 15-38.

Assis, L. C. S. 2023. Pollination syndromes and the origins of floral traits. Ann. Bot. 132: 1055-1071.

Assouline, S., & Or, D. 2013. Plant water use efficiency over geological time - evolution of lreaf stomata configurations affecting gas exchange. PLoS ONE 8(7):e67757. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067757

Ataei, N. [et al. 2020], Schneewiss, G. M., García, M. A., Krug, M., Lehnert, M., Valizadeh, J., & Quandt, D. 2020. A multilocus phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic plant Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) refutes current taxonomy and indentifies four major morphologically distinct clades. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 151:106898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106898

Atallah, N. M., & Banks, J. A. 2015. Reproduction and the pheromonal regulation of sex type in fern gametophytes. Front. Plant Sci. 6:100. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00100

Atkins, H. J. [et al. 2013], Bramley, G. L. C., & Clark, J. R. 2013. Current knowledge and future directions in the taxonomy of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae), with a new estimate of species number. Selbyana 31: 157-165.

Atkins, H. J. [et al. 2021], Bramley, G. L. C., Nishii, K., Möller. M., Oliver, J. E. C., Kartonegoro, A., & Hughes, M. 2021. Sectional polyphyly and morphological homoplasy in Southeas Asian Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae): Consequences for the taxonomy of a mega-diverse genus. Plant Syst. Evol. 307:60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01784-x

Atkins, S. 2004. Verbenaceae. Pp. 449-468 in Kadereit, J. (ed)., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VII. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Atkinson, B. A. 2015. Early diverging asterids: Paleontological evidence supporting the Late Cretaceous diversification of Cornales. Pp. 39-40, in Botany 2015. Science and Plants for People. Abstracts.

Atkinson, B. A. 2016. Early diverging asterids of the Late Cretaceous: Suciacarpa starrii gen. et sp. nov., and the initial radiation of Cornales. Botany 94: 759-771.

Atkinson, B. A. 2018. The critical role of fossils in inferring deep-node phylogenetic relationships and macroevolutionary patterns in Cornales. American J. Bot. 105: 1401-1411.

Atkinson, B. A. 2020. Fossil evidence for a Cretaceous rise of the mahogany family. American J. Bot. 107: 139-147.

Atkinson, B. A. [et al. 2014], Rothwell, G. W., & Stockey, R. A. 2014. Hughmillerites vancouverensis sp. nov. and the Cretaceous diversification of Cupressaceae. American J. Bot. 101: 2136-2147.

Atkinson, B. A. [et al. 2015], Stockey, R. A., Rothwell, G. W., Mindell, R. A., & Bolton, M. J. 2015. Lauraceous flowers from the Eocene of Vancouver Island: Tinaflora beardiae gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 176: 567-585.

Atkinson, B. A. [et al. 2016], Stockey, R. A., & Rothwell, G. W. 2016. Initial radiation of asterids: Earliest cornalean fossils. P. 127, in Botany 2016. Celebrating our History, Conserving our Future. Savannah, Georgia. [Abstracts.]

Atkinson, B. A. [et al. 2017a], Stockey, R. A., & Rothwell, G. W. 2017a. The early phylogenetic diversification of Cornales: Permineralized cornalean fruits from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of western North America. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 178: 556-566.

Atkinson, B. A. [et al. 2017b], Stockey, R. A., & Rothwell, G. W. 2018 [= 2017b. Tracing the initial diversification of asterids: Anatomically preserved cornalean fruits from the Early Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of western North America. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 179: 21-35.

Atkinson, L. R., & Stokey, A. G. 1964. Comparative morphology of the gametophyte of homosporous ferns. Phytomorph. 14: 51-70.

Atkinson, M. R. [et al. 1967], Findley, G. P., Hope, A. B., & West, K. R. 1967. Salt regulation in the mangroves Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Aegialitis annulata R. Br.. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 20: 589-600.

Atkinson, R. [et al. 1995], Jong, K., & Argent, G. 1995. Cytotaxonomic observations in tropical Vaccinieae (Ericaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 117: 135-145.

Atkinson, R. R. L. [et al. 2016], Mockford, E. J., Bennett, C., Christin, P.-A., Spriggs, E. L., Freckleton, R. P., Thompson, K., Rees, M., & Osborne, C. P. 2016. C₄ photosynthesis boosts growth by altering physiology, allocation and size. Nature Plants 2:16038. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.38

Attar, F. [et al. 2018], Esfandani-Bozchaloyi, S., Mirtadzadini, M., & Ullah, F. 2018. Taxonomic identification in the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) using palynological characteristics. Flora 249: 97-110.

Attigala, L. [et al. 2016], Wysocki, W. P., Duvall, M. R., & Clark, L. G. 2016. Phylogenetic estimation and morphological evolution of Arundinarieae (Bambusoideae: Poaceae) based on plastome phylogenomic analysis. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 101: 111-121.

Atucha, A. [et al. 2021], Workmaster, B. A., & Bolivar-Medina, J. L. 2021. Root growth phenology, anatomy, and morphology among root orders in Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.. Botany 99: 209-219.

Atwood, J. T. Jr 1984. The relationships of the slipper orchids (subfamily Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae). Selbyana 7: 129-247.

Aubert, J. [et al. 1999], Legal, L., Descimon, H., & Michel, F. 1999. Molecular phylogeny of swallowtail butterflies of the tribe Papilionini (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 12: 156-167. doi:10.1006/mpev.1998.0605.

Aubréville, A. 1964. Les Sapotacées: Taxonomie et phytogéographie. Adansonia Mém. 1: 1-157.

Aubréville, A. 1974a. Les origines des Angiospermes (1^re partie). Adansonia Sér. 2, 14: 5-27.

Aubréville, A. 1974b. Origines polytopiques des Angiospermes tropicales (2^e partie). Adansonia Sér. 2, 14: 145-198.

Aubriot, X. [et al. 2016a], Singh, P., & Knapp, S. 2016a. Tropical Asian species show that the Old World clade of 'spiny solanums' (Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 199-223.

Aubriot, X. [et al. 2016b], Soulebeau, A., Haevermans, D., Schatz, G. E., Cruad, C., & Lowry, P. P. II. 2016b. Molecular phylogenetics of Sarcolaenaceae (Malvales), Madagascar's largest endemic plant family. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 182: 729-743 - see also Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 184: 280-281. 2017.

Aubry, S. [et al. 2014], Kelly, S., Kümpers, B. M. C., Smith-Unna, R. D., & Hibberd, J. M. 2014. Deep evolutionary comparison of gene expression identifies parallel recruitment of trans-factors in two independent origins of C₄ photosynthesis. PLoS Genet. 10(6):e1004365. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004365

AuBuchon-Elder, T. [et al. 2020], Coneva, V., Goad, D. M., Jenkins, L. M., Yu,, Y., Allen, D. K., & Kellogg, E. A. 2020. Sterile spikelets contribute to yield in sorghum and related grasses. Plant Cell 32: 3500-3518.

Audisio, M. [et al. 2024], Muhr, J., & Polle, A. 2024. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Douglas-fir retain newly assimilated carbon derived from neighboring European beech. New Phytol. 243: 1980-1990. doi: 10.1111/nph.19943

Augé, R. M. 2001. Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11: 3-42.

Augé, R. M. [et al. 2015], Toler, H. D., & Saxton, A. M. 2015. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters stomatal conductance of host plants more under drought than under amply watered conditions: A meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza 25: 13-24.

Augspurger, C. K., & Hogan, K. P. 1983. Wind dispersal of propagules with variable seed number in a tropical tree (Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus: Leguminosae). American J. Bot. 70: 1031-1037.

Augusto, L. [et al. 2014], Davies, T. J., Delzon, S., & de Schrijver, A. 2014. The enigma of the rise of angiosperms: Can we untie the knot? Ecol. Lett. 17: 1326-1338.

Aukema, J. E. 2003. Vectors, viscin, and Viscaceae: Mistletoes as parasites, mutualists, and resources. Froint. Ecol. Environ. 1: 212-219.

Austin, A. T., & Ballaré, C. L. 2010. Dual role of lignin in plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 107: 4618-4622.

Austin, D. F. 1973. The American Erycibeae (Convolvulaceae): Maripa, Dicranostyles and Lysiostylies. I. Systematics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 306-412.

Austin, D. F. 1998. Parallel and convergent evolution in the Convolvulaceae. Pp. 201-234, in Mathew, P., & Sivadasan, M. (eds) Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flowering Plants. Mentor, Calicut.

Auvray, G. [et al. 2010], Harris, D. J., Richardson, J. E., Newmnan, M. F., & Särkinen, T. E. 2010. Phylogeny and dating of Aframomum (Zingiberaceae). Pp. 287-305, in Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Barfod, A. S., & Davis, J. I. (eds), Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons. Aarhus University Press, Århus.

Avalos, A. A. [et al. 2019], Zini, L. M., Ferrucci, M. S., & Lattar, E. C. 2019. Anther and gynoecium structure and development of male and female gametophytes of Koelreuteria elegans subsp. formosana (Sapindaceae): Phylogenetic implications. Flora 255: 98-109.

Avalos, A. A. [et al. 2020], Pablo, T. J., Lattar, E. C., & Ferrucci, M. S. 2020. Structure and development of anthers and connective glands in two species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae): Are heteromorphic anthers related to division of labour? Protoplasma 257: 1165-1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01497-x

Avella, T. [et al. 1988], Dechamps, R., & Bastin, M. 1988. Fluorescence studies of 10,610 woody species from the Tervuren (Tw) collection, Belgium. IAWA Bull. N.S. 9: 346-352.

Averill, C. [et al. 2013], Turner, B. L., & Finzi, A. C. 2013. Mycorrhiza-mediated competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage. Nature 505: 543-545.

Avi, R. C., & Rodrigues, A. C. 2019. Comparative anatomy of the leaf and ramicaule in Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) species. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 146: 198-212.

Aviles Peraza, G. [et al. 2022], Koenen, E., Riina, R., Hughes, C. E., Ringelberg, J. J., Fernández-Concha, G. C., Morillo, I. R., Itza, L. L. C., Tamayo-Cen, I., Prado, J. H. R., Cornejo, X., Mattapha, S., & de Stefano, R. D. 2022. Re-establishment of the genus Pseudalbizzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae: mimosoid clade): The New World species formerly placed in Albizia. In: Hughes, C. E., de Queiroz, L. P., & Lewis, G. P. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 371-400. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76821

Avino, M. [et al. 2009], Tortoriello, G., & Caputo, P. 2009. A phylogenetic analysis of Dipsacaceae based on four DNA regions. Plant Syst. Evol. 279: 69-86.

Avino, M. [et al. 2012], E. M. Kramer, E. M., Donohue, K., Hammel, J. A., & Hall, J. 2012. Understanding the basis of novel fruit type in Brassicaceae: Conservation and deviation in expression patterns of six genes. EvoDevo 3:20.

Avise, J. C., & Liu, J.-X. 2011. On the temporal inconsistencies of Linnean ranks. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 102: 707-714.

Avise, J. C., & Mitchell, D. 2007. Time to standardize taxonomies. Syst. Biol. 56: 130-133.

Avolio, M. I. [et al. 2019], Forrestel, E. J., Chang, C. C., La Pierre, K. J., Burghardt, K. T., & Smith, M. D. 2019. Demystifying dominant species. New Phytol. 223: 1106-1126.

Axelius, B. 1992. Testa patterns in some species of Physalis L. and some other genera in tribe Solaneae (Solanaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 153: 488-502.

Axelrod, D. I. 1959. Poleward migration of early angiosperm flora. Science 130: 203-207.

Axelrod, D. I. 1983. Biogeography of oaks in the Arcto-Tertiary province. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 629-657.

Axsmith, B. J. [et al. 1998], Taylor, T. N., & Taylor, E. L. 1988. Anatomically preserved leaves of the conifer Notophytum krauselii (Podocarpaceae) from the Triassic of Antarctica. American J. Bot. 85: 704-713.

Axsmith, B. J. [et al. 2001], Krings, M., & Taylor, T. N. 2001. A filmy fern from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina (USA). American J. Bot. 88: 1558-1567.

Ayano, M. [et al. 2005], Imaichi, R., & Kato, M. 2005. Developmental morphology of the Asian one-leaf plant, Monophyllaea glabra (Gesneriaceae) with emphasis on inflorescence morphology. J. Plant Res. 118: 99-109.

Ayasse, M. [et al. 2011], Stökl, J., & Francke, W. 2011. Chemical ecology and pollinator-driven speciation in sexually deceptive orchids. Phytochem. 72: 1489-1494.

Aybeke, M. 2012. Comparative anatomy of selected rhizomatous and tuberous taxa of subfamilies Orchidoideae and Epidendroiodeae (Orchidaceae) as an aid to identification. Plant Syst. Evol. 298: 1643-1658.

Aydin, Z. U., & Dönmetz, A. A. 2019. Numerical analyses of seed morphology and its taxonomic significance in the tribe Nigelleae (Ranunculaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 2019:e02323. doi: 10.1111/njb.02323

Ayensu, E. S. 1966. Taxonomic status of Trichopus: Anatomical evidence. J. Linnean Soc. Bot. 59: 425-430, pl. 1.

Ayensu, E. S. 1969. Aspects of the complex nodal anatomy of the Dioscoreaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 124-137, pl. 1-5.

Ayensu, E. S. 1972. Dioscoreales. In C. R. Metcalfe (ed.), Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Vol. 6. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Ayensu, E. S. 1973a. Biological and morphological aspects of Velloziaceae. Biotropica 5: 135-149.

Ayensu, E. S. 1973b. Phytogeography and evolution of the Velloziaceae. Pp. 105-119, in Meggers, B. J., Ayensu, E. S., & Duckworth, D. (eds), Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.

Ayensu, E. S., & Stern, W. L. 1964. Systematic anatomy and ontogeny of the stem in Passifloraceae. Contrib. United States National Herb. 34: 45-73, pl. 1-12.

Ayers, T. J. 1997. Three new species of Lysipomia (Lobeliaceae) endemic to the páramos of southern Ecuador. Brittonia 49: 433-440.

Ayers, T. J. 1999. Biogeography of Lysipomia (Campanulaceae), a high elevation endemic: An illustration of species richness at the Huancabamba Depression, Peru. Arnaldoa 6(2): 13-27.

Ayers, T. J., & Haberle, R. 1999. Systematics of Cyphocarpus (Campanulaceae): Placement of an evolutionary enigma. P. 196, in XVI International Botanical Congress: Abstracts. [Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.]

Ayerza, R., Jr., & Coates, W. 2005. Chia: Rediscovering a Forgotten Crop of the Aztecs. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Aygören Uluer, D., & Alshamrani, R. 2019. DNA barcoding of a complex genus Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) reveals lack of species-level resolution. Botany 97: 503-512.

Aygören Uluer, D. [et al. 2020], Hawkins, J. A., & Forest, F. 2020. Interfamilial relationships in order Fabales: New insights from the nuclear regions sqd1 and 26S rDNA. Plant Syst. Evol. 306:66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01691-7

Aygören Uluer, D., see also Uluer, D. A..

Aymard, G. A. [et al. 2016], Arellano-Peña, H., Minorta-C., V., & Castro-Lima, F. 2016. First report of the Rhabdodendraceae for the vascular flora of Colombia and the upper Río Negro basin, with comments on phytogeography, habitats, and distribution of Rhabdodendron amazonicum. Harvard Papers Bot. 21: 5-21.

Aymard C., G. A., & Arellano P., H. 2018. First report of Peridiscaceae for the vascular flora of Colombia. Harvard Papers Bot. 23: 109-121.

Ayres, D. C., & Loike, J. D. 1990. Lignans: Chemical, Biological and Clinical Properties. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ayuso-Fernández, I. [et al. 2018], Ruiz-Dueñas, F. J., & Martínez, A. T. 2018. Evolutionary convergence in lignin-degrading enzymes. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 115: 6428-6433.

Ayuso-Fernández, I. [et al. 2019], Rencoret, J., Gutiérrez, A., Ruiz-Dueñas, F. J., & Martínez, A. T. 2019. Peroxidase evolution in white-rot fungi follows wood lignin evolution in plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 17900-17905.

Azani, N. [et al. 2017], Bruneau, A., Wojciechowski, M. F., & Zarre, S. 2017. Molecular phylogenetics of annual Astragalus (Fabaceae) and its systematic implications. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 184: 347-365.

Azani, N. [et al. 2019], Bruneau, A., Wojciechowski, M. F., & Zarre, S. 2019. Miocene climate change as a driving force for multiple origins of annual species in Astragalus (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 137: 210-221.

Azevedo, I. H. F., & de Moraes, P. L. R. 2019. Seed morphology of Ruellieae species (Acanthaceae) in Brazil and its taxonomic implications. Syst. Bot. 44: 631-651.

Azevedo Schmidt, L. E. [et al. 2019], Dunn, R. E., Mercer, J., Dechesne, M., & Currano, E. D. 2019. Plant and insect herbivore community variation across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Hanna Basin, southeastern Wyoming.

Azhaguvel, P., & Komatsuda, T. 2007. A phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequence of a marker linked to the brittle rachis locus indicates a diphyletic origin of barley. Ann. Bot. 100: 1009-1015.

Azuma, H., & Tobe, H. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Tofieldiaceae (Alismatales): Family circumscription and infrafamilial relationships. J. Plant Res. 124: 349-357.

Azuma, H. [et al. 1999], Thein, L. B., & Kawano, S. 1999. Floral scents, leaf volatiles and thermogenic flowers in Magnoliaceae. Plant Species Biol. 14: 121-127.

Azuma, H. [et al. 2000], Thein, L. B., & Kawano, S. 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Magnolia based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (trnK intron, psbA-trnH and atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer regions) and floral scent chemistry. Pp. 219-227, in Liu, Y.-H., Fan, H.-M., Chen, Z.-Y., Wu, Q.-G. & Zeng, Q.-W. (eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae, May 18-22, 1998, Guangzhou, China. Science Press, Beijing.

Azuma, H. [et al. 2001], Garciá-Franco, J. G., Rico-Gray, V., & Thien, L. B. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of the Magnoliaceae: The biogeography of tropical and temperate disjunctions. American J. Bot. 88: 2275-2285.

Azuma, T. [et al. 2000], Kajita, T., Yokoyama, J., & Ohashi, H. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Salix (Salicaceae) based on rbcL sequence data. American J. Bot. 87: 67-75.

Azuma, H. [et al. 2011], Chalermgrin, P., & Noteboom, H. P. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of Magnoliaceae based on plastid DNA sequences with special emphasis on some species from continental Southeast Asia. Thai Forest Bull. 39: 148-165.

Bâ, A. M. [et al. 2011a], Duponnois, R., Diabaté, M., & Dreyfus, B. 2011a. Les champignons ectomycorhiziens des arbres forestiers en Afrique de l’Ouest: méthodes d’étude, diversité, écologie, utilisation en foresterie et comestibilité. Institut pour le Recherche et Developpment, Marseille.

Bâ, A. M. [et al. 2011b], Duponnois, R., Moyersoen, B., & Diédhiou, A. G. 2012 [= 2011b]. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of tropical African trees. Mycorrhiza 22: 1-29.

Baas, P. 1970. Anatomical contributions to plant taxonomy I. Floral and vegetative anatomy of Eliaea from Madagascar and Cratoxylum from Indo-Malesia (Guttiferae). Blumea 18: 369-391.

Baas, P. 1972. Anatomical contributions to plant taxonomy. II. The affinities of Hua Pierre and Afrostyrax Perkins et Gilg. Blumea 20: 161-192.

Baas, P. 1973b. The wood anatomical range in Ilex and its ecological and phylogenetic significance. Blumea 21: 193-258.

Baas, P. 1974. Stomatal types in Icacinaceae. Additional observations on genera outside Malesia. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 23: 193-200.

Baas, P. 1975. Vegetative anatomy and the affinities of Aquifoliaceae, Sphenostemon, Phelline, and Oncotheca. Blumea 22: 311-407.

Baas, P. 1978. Inheritance of foliar and nodal anatomical characters in some Ilex hybrids. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 77: 41-52.

Baas, P. 1981. A note on stomatal types and crystals in the leaves of Melastomataceae. Blumea 27: 475-479.

Baas, P. 1984. Vegetative anatomy and taxonomy of Berberidopsis and Streptothamnus (Flacourtiaceae). Blumea 30: 39-44.

Baas, P., & Wheeler, E. A. 1996. Parallelism and reversability in xylem evolution: A review. IAWA J. 17: 351-364.

Baas, P., & Wheeler, E. A. 2011. Wood anatomy and climate change. Pp. 141-155, in Hodkinson, T. R., Jones, M. B., Waldren, S., & Parnell, J. A. N. (eds), Climate Change, Ecology and Systematics. Cambridge University, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 78.]

Baas, P. [et al. 1979], Geesink, R., van Heel, W. A., & Muller, J. 1979. The affinities of Plagiopteron suaveolens Griff. (Plagiopteraceae). Grana 18: 69-89.

Baas, P. [et al. 1982], van Oosterhoud, E., & Scholtes, C. J. L. 1982. Leaf anatomy and classification of the Olacaceae, Octoknema and Erythropalum. Allertonia 3: 155-210.

Baas, P. [et al. 1988], Esser, P. M., van der Westen, M. E. T., & Zandee, M. 1988. Wood anatomy of the Oleaceae. IAWA Bull. 9: 103-182.

Baas, P. [et al. 2000], Wheeler, E., & Chase, M. 2000. Dicotyledonous wood anatomy and the APG system of angiosperm classification. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 134: 3-17.

Baas, P. [et al. 2001], Jansen, S., & Smets, E. 2001. Vegetative anatomy and affinities of Dirachma socotrana (Dirachmaceae). Syst. Bot. 26: 231-241.

Baas, P. [et al. 2003], Jansen, S., & Wheeler, E. A. 2003. Ecological adaptations and deep phylogenetic splits - evidence and questions from the secondary xylem. Pp. 221-240, in Stuessy, T. F., Mayer, V., & Hörandl, E. (eds), Deep Morphology: Toward a Renaissance of Morphology in Plant Systematics. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.

Baas, P. [et al. 2004], Ewers, E. W., Davis, S. D., & Wheeler, E. A. 2004. The evolution of xylem physiology. Pp. 273-296, in Hemsley, A. R., & Poole, I. (eds), Evolution of Plant Physiology: From Whole Plants to Ecosystems. Elsevier. [Linnean Soc. Symposium Series 21.]

Baas, P. [et al. 2017], Manchester, S. R., Wheeler, E. A., & Srivastava, R. 2017. Fossil wood with dimorphic fibers from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India - the oldest fossil Connaraceae? IAWA J. 38: 124-133.

Babcock, E. B. 1947. The Genus Crepis, Part One. The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Distribution and Evolution of Crepis. University of California Publications 21, University of California Press, Berkeley.

Babcock, E. B., & Stebbins, G. L. 1938. The American Species of Crepis: Their Interrelationships and Distribution as affected by Polyploidy and Apomixis. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications 504, Washington, D. C.

Babin, C. H., & Bell, C. D. 2022. Evolution of chromosome number in wild onions (Allium, Amaryllidaceae). Syst. Bot. 47: 335-346.

Babiychuk, E. [et al. 2011], Vandepoele, K., Wissing, J., Garcia-Diaz, M., De Rycke, R., Akbari, H., Joubès, J., Beeckman, T., Jänsch, L., Frentzen, M., van Montagu, M., & Kushnir, S. 2011. Plastid gene expression and plant development require a plastidic protein of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor family. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 108: 6674-6679.

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2019], Michelangeli, F. A., & Goldenberg, R. 2019. Revisiting the classification of Melastomataceae: Implications for habit and fruit evolution. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 190: 1-24.

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2020], Amorim, A. M., Michelangeli, F. A., & Goldenbergt, R. 2020b. Flower morphology is correlated with distribution and phylogeny in Bertolonia (Melastomataceae), an herbaceous genus endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 149:106844. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106844

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2021a], Goldenberg, R., & Michelangeli, F. A. 2021a. First reports of vivipary in Neotropical Melastomataceae. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 182: 79-83.

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2021b], Reginato, M., Bochorny, T., Michelangeli, F. A., Amorim, A. M., & Goldenberg, R. 2022 [= 2021b]. Biogeographic breaks in the Atlantic Forest: Evidence for Oligocene/Miocene diversification in Bertolonia (Melastomataceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 199: 128-143.

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2022a], Bochorny, T., Bisewski, G. C. A., Passos, L. S., Goldenberg, R., & Michelangeli, F. A. 2022a. Systematics and climatic preferences in Bertolonieae and Tripleneae. Pp. 275-289, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A. & Almeda, F. 2022 (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Bacci, L. F. [et al. 2022b], Bochorny, T., Goldenberg, R., Caddah, M. K., Meyer, F. S., Reginato, M., & Michelangeli, F. A. 2022b. Colonization and diversification of Melastomataceae in the Atlantic Forest of South America. Pp. 673-685, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A. & Almeda, F. 2022 (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Bachelier, J. B., & Endress, P. K. 2007a. Comparative floral morphology in the clade of Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae and gynoecium structural diversity in Spondioideae (Anancardiaceae). P. 179, in Plant Biology and Botany 2007. Program and Abstract Book. Chicago.

Bachelier, J. B., & Endress, P. K. 2007b. Development of inflorescences, cupules, and flowers in Amphipterygium and comparison with Pistacia (Anacardiaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 1237-1253.

Bachelier, J. B., & Endress, P. K. 2008a. Floral structure of Kirkia wilmsii: Implications for the systematic relationship of Kirkiaceae and the Anacardiaceae-Burseraceae clade (Sapindales). Pp. 42-43, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Bachelier, J. B., & Endress, P. K. 2008b. Floral structure of Kirkia (Kirkiaceae) and its position in Sapindales. Ann. Bot. 102: 539-550.

Bachelier, J. B., & Endress, P. K. 2009. Comparative floral morphology and anatomy of Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae (Sapindales) with a special focus on gynoecium structure and evolution. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 159: 499-571.

Bachelier, J. B., & Friedman, W. E. 2011. Female gamete competition in an ancient angiosperm lineage. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 108: 12360-12365.

Bachelier, J. B., & Matthews, M. L. 2014. Flower structure and morphology in Dipentodon sinicus and their implication for the systematics of Dipentodontaceae (Huerteales. P. 182, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Bachelier, J. B. [et al. 2011], Endress, P. K., & Ronse de Craene, L. P. 2011. Comparative floral structure and development in Nitrariaceae (Sapindales) and systematic implications. Pp. 181-217, in Wanntorp, L., & Ronse de Craene, L. P. (eds), Flowers on the Tree of Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 80.]

Backlund, A. 1996. Phylogeny of the Dipsacales. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala.

Backlund, A. 2016. Columellaceae, Tribelaceae. Pp. 141-144, 377-379, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Backlund, A., & Bittrich, V. 2016. Adoxaceae. Pp. 19-29, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Backlund, A., & Bremer, B. 1997. Phylogeny of the Asteridae s. str based on rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the Dipsacales. Plant Syst. Evol. 207: 225-254.

Backlund, A., & Bremer, K. 1998. To be or not to be - principles of classification and monotypic plant families. Taxon 47: 391-401.

Backlund, A., & Donoghue, M. J. 1996. Morphology and phylogeny of the order Dipsacales. Pp. 1-27, in Backlund, A., Phylogeny of the Dipsacales. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala.

Backlund, A., & Nilsson, S. 1997. Pollen morphology and the systematic position of Triplostegia (Dipsacales). Taxon 46: 21-31.

Backlund, A., & Moritz, T. 1998. Phylogenetic implications of an expanded valepotriate distribution in the Valerianaceae. Biochem. Syst. Evol. 26: 309-335.

Backlund, A., & Pyck, N. 1998. Diervillaceae and Linnaeaceae, two new families of caprifolioids. Taxon 47: 657-661.

Backlund, M. [et al. 2000], Oxelman, B., & Bremer, B. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on ndhF and rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae. American J. Bot. 87: 1029-1043.

Backlund, M. [et al. 2007], Bremer, B., & Thulin, M. 2007. Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae). Taxon 56: 315-328.

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2012], Baker, W. J., & Simmons, M. P. 2012. Miocene dispersal drives island radiations in Trachycarpeae (Arecaceae/Palmae). Syst. Biol. 61: 426-442.

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2013], Michonneau, F., Henderson, A. J., McKenna, M. J., Milroy, A. M., Simmons, M. P. 2013. Geographic and taxonomic disparities in species diversity: Dispersal and diversification rates across Wallace's line. Evolution 67: 2058-2071.

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2015a], Silvestro, D., Jaramillo, C., Smith, B. T., Chakrabarty, P., & Antonelli, A. 2015a. Biological evidence supports an early and complex emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 6110-6115. [See also Lessios, H. A. 2015. Appearance of an early closure of the Isthmus of Panama is the product of biased inclusion of data in the metaanalysis. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112(43): E5765. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1514719112; Marko, P. B. [et al. 2015], Eytan, R. I., & Knowlton, N. 2015. Do large molecular sequence divergences imply an early closure of the Isthmus of Panama? Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112(43): E5766. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1515048112; Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2015c], Silvestro, D., Jaramillo, C., Smith, B. T., Chakrabarty, P., & Antonelli, A. 2015c. Reply to Lessios and Marko et al.: Early and progressive migration across the Isthmus of Panama is robust to missing data and biases. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112(43): E5767-5768. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1515451112 ]

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2015b], Simmons, M. P., Archer, R. H., Zhao, L.-C., & Andriantiana, J. 2015b. Biogeography of the Malagasy Celastraceae: Multiple independent origins followed by widespread dispersal of genera from Madagascar. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 94: 365-382.

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2016], Velásquez-Puentes, F., Flórez-Rodríguez, A., Balslev, H., Galeano, G., Bernal, R., & Antonelli, A. 2016. Phylogenetics of Iriarteeae (Arecaceae), cross-Andean disjunctions and convergence of clustered infructescence morphology in Wettinia. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 182: 273-286

Bacon, C. D. [et al. 2018], Velasquez-Puentes, F. J., Hoorn, C., & Antonelli, A. 2018. Iriarteeae palms tracked the uplift of Andean cordilleras. J. Bieogeogr. 45: 1653-1663.

Bacon, J. D. [et al. 1986], Bragg, L. H., & Hannan, G. L. 1986. Systematics of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae): Comparison of seed morphology of sects. Arachnoidea and Cinerascentia with five species of Eriodictyon and Turricula parryi. Sida 11: 271-281.

Baczynski, J., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2023. Pseudanthia in angiosperms: A review. Ann. Bot. 132: 179-202. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad103

Baczynski, J. [et al. 2021], Milobedzka, A., & Banasiak, L. 2021. Morphology of pollen in Apiales (asterids, eudicots). Phytotaxa 478: 1-32.

Baczynski, J. [et al. 2022], Sauquet, H., & Spalik, K. 2022. Exceptional evolutionary lability of flower-like inflorescences (pseudanthia) in Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. American J. Bot. 109: 437-455.

Badami, R. C., & Patil, K. B. 1981. Structure and occurrence of unusual fatty acids in minor seed oils. Progr. Lipid. Res. 19: 119-153.

Badano, E. I. [et al. 2016], Samour-Nieva, O. R., Flores, J., Flores-Flores, J. L., Flores-Cano, J. A., & Rodas-Ortíz, J. P. 2016. Facilitation by nurse plants contributes to vegetation recovery in human-disturbed desert ecosystems. J. Plant Ecol. 9: 485-497.

Badgley, C. [et al. 2008], Barry, J. C., Morgan, M. E., Nelson, S. V., Behrensmeyer, A. K., Cerling, T. E., & Pilbeam, D. 2008. Ecological changes in Miocene mammalian record show impact of prolonged climatic forcing. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 12145-12149.

Badillo, V. M. 1971. Monografia de la familia Caricaceae. Asociación de Profesores, Maracay.

Badouin, H. [et al. 2017], Gouzy, J., Grassa, C.J., Murat, F., Staton, S. E., Cottret, L., Lelandais-Brière, C., Owens, G., Carrère, S., Mayjonade, B., Legrand, L., Gill, N., Kane, N.C., Bowers, J.E., Hubner, S., Bellec, A., Bérard, A., Bergès, H., Blanchet, N., Boniface, M.-C., Brunel, D., Catrice, O., Chaidir, N., Claudel, C., Donnadieu, C., Faraut, T., Fievet, G., Helmstetter, N., King, M., Knapp, S.J., Lai, Z., Le Paslier, M.-C., Lippi, Y., Lorenzon, L., Mandel, J. R., Marage, G., Marchand, G., Marquand, E., Bret-Mestries, E., Morien, E., Nambeesan, S., Nguyen, T., Pegot-Espagnet, P., Pouilly, N., Raftis, F., Sallet, E., Schiex, T., Thomas, J., Vandecasteele, C., Varès, D., Vear, F., Vautrin, S., Crespi, M., Mangin, B., Burke, J. M., Salse, J., Muños, S., Vincourt, P., Rieseberg, L. H., & Langlade, N. B. 2017. The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution. Nature 546: 148-153. doi:10.1038/nature22380

Baehni, C. 1946. L'ouverture du bouton chez les fleurs de Solanés. Candollea 10: 400-492.

Baez, M. [et al. 2020], Kuo, Y. T., Dias, Y., Souza, T., Boudichevskaia, A., Fuchs, J., Schubert, V., Vanzela, A. L. L., Pedrosa-Harand, A., & Houben, A. 2020. Analysis of the small chromosomal Prionium serratum (cyperid) demonstrates the importance of a reliable method to differentiate between mono- and holocentricity. bioRΧiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.183714 = Baez, M. [et al. 2020], Kuo, Y. T., Dias, Y., Souza, T., Boudichevskaia, A., Fuchs, J., Schubert, V., Vanzela, A. L. L., Pedrosa-Harand, A., & Houben, A. 2020. Analysis of the small chromosomal Prionium serratum (cyperid) demonstrates the importance of reliable methods to differentiate between mono- and holocentricity. Chromosoma 129: 285-297.

Baéz-Lizarazo, M. R. [et al. 2020], Eggers, L., Aguiar, A. J. C., & Chauveau, O. 2021. Contrasting patterns of plant-pollinator interactions among four oil-secreting species of Iridaceae from Pampean and Cerrado provinces (Brazil). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 196: 256-277.

Bagchi, R. [et al. 2014], Gallery, R. E., Gripenberg, S., Gurr, S. J., Narayan, L., Addis, C. E., Freckleton, R. E., & Lewis, O. T. 2014. Pathogens and insect herbivores drive rainforest plant diversity and competition. Nature 506: 85-88.

Bagley, J. C. [et al. 2020], Uribe-Covers, S., Carlsen, M. M., & Muchhala, N. 2020. Utility of targeted sequence capture for phylogenomics in rapid, recent angiosperm radiations: Neotropical Burmeistera bellflowers as a case study. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 152:106769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106769

Bago, B. [et al. 2000], Pfeffer, P. E., & Schachar-Hill, Y. 2000. Carbon metabolism and transport in Arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plant Physiol. 124: 949-957.

Baguette, M. [et al. 2020], Bertrand, J. A. M., Stevens, V. M., & Schatz, B. 2020. Why are there so many bee-orchid species? Adaptive radiation by intraspecific competition for mnesic pollinators. Biol. Reviews 95: 1630-1663. 10.1111/brv.12633ff. ffhal-02995675f

Bahadur, B. [et al. 2019a], Krishamurthy, K. V., Ghose, M., & Adams, S. J. (eds) 2019a. Asymmetry in Plants Biology of Handedness. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Bahadur, B. [et al. 2019b], Rama Swamy, N., & Pullaiah. 2019b. Seedling handedness in some angiosperms. Pp. 149-167, in Bahadur, B., Krishamurthy, K. V., Ghose, M., & Adams, S. J. (eds), Asymmetry in Plants Biology of Handedness. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Bahali, D. D. [et al. 2004], Sanjappa, M., & Rath, S. P. 2004. Geographical distribution of Iridaceae in India. Indian Forester 27: 251-256.

Bahram, M. [et al. 2011], Põlme, S., Koljalg, U., & Tedersoo, L. 2011. A single European aspen (Populus tremula) tree individual may potentially harbour dozens of Cenococcum geophilum ITS genotypes and hundreds of species. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 75: 313-320.

Bahram, M. [et al. 2018], Hildebrand, F., Forslund, S. K., Anderson, J. L., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Bodegom, P. M., Bengtsson-Palme, J., Anslan, S., Coelho, L. P., Harand, H., Huerta-Cepas, J., Medema, M. H., Maltz, M. R., Mundra, S., Olsson, P. A., Pent, M., Põlme, S., Sunagawa, S., Ryberg, M., Tedersoo, L., & Bork, P. 2018. Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome. Nature 560: 233-237. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0386-6

Bahram, M. [et al. 2020], Netherway, T., Hildebrand, F., Pritsch, K., Drenkhan, R., Loit, K., Anslan, S., Bork, P., & Tedersoo, L. 2020. Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies drive topsoil microbiome structure and function. New Phytol. 227: 1189-1199.

Bai, C. [et al. 2012], Alverson, W. S., Follansbee, A., & Waller, D. W. 2012. New reports of nuclear DNA content for 407 vascular plant taxa from the United States. Ann. Bot. 110: 1623-1629.

Bai, H.-R. [et al. 2020], Oyebanji, O., Zhang, R., & Yi, T.-S. 2021 [= 2020]. Plastid phylogenomic insights into the evolution of subfamily Dialioideae (Leguminosae). Plant Divers. 43: 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.008

Bai, L., & Xia, N.-H. 2024. Preliminary study of the morphological variation of rhizomes in Zingiber Mill. and its role in taxonomy. Phytotaxa 647: 53-90.

Bai, M. [et al. 2020], Liang, M., Huai, B., Gao, H., Tong,, P., Shen, R., He, H., & Wu, H. 2020. Ca²⁺-dependent nuclease is involved in DNA degradation during the formation of the secretory cavity by programmed cell death in fruit of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa'. J. Experim. Bot. 71: 4812-4827.

Bai, Y., & Lindhout, P. 2007. Domestication and breeding of tomatoes: What have we gained and what can we gain in the future? Ann. Bot. 100: 1085-1094.

Bailey, C. D. [et al. 1997], Doyle, J. J., Kajita, T., Nemoto, T., & Ohashi, H. 1997. The chloroplast rpl2 intro and ORF184 as phylogenetic markers in the legume tribe Desmodieae. Syst. Bot. 22: 133-138.

Bailey, C. D. [et al. 2006a], Koch, M. A., Mayer, M., Mummenhorf, K., Okane, S. L., Jr., Warwick, S. I., Windham, M. D., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2006a. A global nrDNA ITS phylogeny for the Brassicaceae. Pp. 205-206, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Bailey, C. D. [et al. 2006b], Koch, M. A., Mayer, M., Mummenhorf, K., Okane, S. L., Jr., Warwick, S. I., Windham, M. D., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2006b. Toward a global phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Molec. Biol. Evol. 23: 2142-2160.

Bailey, D. C. 1980. Anomalous secondary growth and vegetative anatomy of Simmondsia chinensis. American J. Bot. 67: 147-161.

Bailey, I. W. 1944. The development of vessels in angiosperms and its significance in morphological research. American J. Bot.31: 421-428.

Bailey, I. W. 1954. Contributions to Plant Anatomy. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass.

Bailey, I. W. 1956. Nodal anatomy in retrospect. J. Arnold Arbor. 37: 269-287.

Bailey, I. W. 1960. Comparative anatomy of the leaf-bearing Cactaceae, I. Foliar vasculature of Pereskia, Pereskiopsis and Quiabentia. J. Arnold Arbor. 41: 341-356.

Bailey, I. W. 1966. Comparative anatomy of the leaf-bearing Cactaceae, XVI. The development of water-soluble crystals in dehydrated leaves of Pereskiopsis. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 273-292.

Bailey, I. W., & Howard, R. A. 1941a. The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae. I. Anatomy of the node and internode. J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 125-132, pl. 1-4

Bailey, I. W., & Howard, R. A. 1941b. The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae. II. Vessels. J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 171-187, pl. 1-6.

Bailey, I. W., & Howard, R. A. 1941c. The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae. III. Imperfect tracheary elements and xylem parenchyma. J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 432-442, pl. 1-3.

Bailey, I. W., & Howard, R. A. 1941d. The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae. IV. Rays of the secondary xylem. J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 556-568, pl. 1-4.

Bailey, I. W., & Nast, C. G. 1945a. The comparative morphology of the Winteraceae VII. Summary and conclusions. J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 37-47.

Bailey, I. W., & Nast, C. G. 1945b. Morphology and relationships of Trochodendron and Tetracentron I. Stem, root, and leaf. J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 149-154, pl. 1-6.

Bailey, I. W., & Nast, C. G. 1948. Morphology and relationships of Illicium, Schisandra and Kadsura. I. Stem and leaf. J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 77-89, pl. 1-6.

Bailey, I. W., & Sinnott, E. W. 1916. The climatic distribution of certain types of angiosperm leaves. American J. Bot. 3: 24-39.

Bailey, I. W., & Swamy, B. G. L. 1948. Amborella trichopoda Baill.. A new type of vesselless dicotyledon. J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 245-254, pl. 1-5.

Bailey, I. W., & Swamy, B. G. L. 1949. The morphology and relationships of Austrobaileya. J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 211-226, pl. 1-6.

Bailey, I. W., & Swamy, B. G. L. 1953. The morphology and relationships of Idenburgia and Nouhuysia. J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 77-87.

Bailey, I. W., & Thompson, W. A. 1918. Additional notes upon the angiosperms Tetracentron, Trochodendron, and Drimys, in which vessels are absent from the wood. Ann. Bot. 32: 503-512.

Bailey, I. W., & Tupper, W. W. 1918. Size variation in tracheary cells. I. A comparison between the secondary xylems of vascular cryptograms, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Proc. American Acad. Arts Sci. 54: 149-204.

Baillon, H. 1858. Étude générale du group des euphorbiacées: recherche des types, organographie, organogénie, distribution géographique, affinités, classification, description des genres. Viktor Masson, Paris.

Baillon, H. E. 1866-1892. Histoire des plantes, vols. 1-11. L. Hachette, Paris.

Baillon, H. 1874. Deuxième étude sur les Mappiées. Adansonia 11: 187-203.

Baillon, H. E. 1877. Sur l'organogénie floral et la graine des Garrya. Bull. Soc. Linnean Paris 1: 139.

Bainard, J., & Newmaster, S. 2010a. Endopolyploidy in bryophytes widespread in mosses and absent in liverworts. J. Bot. Article ID 316356.

Bainard, J., & Newmaster, S. 2010b. Widespread endopolyploidy in mosses. P. 30, in Botany 2010. July 31 - August 4, Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Abstracts.

Bainard, J. D. [et al. 2012], Bainard, L. D., Henry, T. A., Fazekas, A. J., & Newmaster, S. G. 2012. A multivariate analysis of variation in genome size and endoreduplication in angiosperms reveals strong phylogenetic signal and association with phenotypic traits. New Phytol. 196: 1240-1250.

Bainard, J. [et al. 2013], Forrest, L. L., Goffinet, B., & Newmaster, S. 2013. Nuclear DNA contant variation and evolution in liverworts. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 66: 619-627.

Bainard, J. D. [et al. 2019], Newmaster, S. G., & Budke, J. M. 2020 [= 2019]. Genome size and endopolyploidy evolution across the moss phylogeny. Ann. Bot. 125: 543-555. See also Duckett, J. 2020. Towards completing understanding of genome size characters in plants. A commentary on: 'Genome size and endopolyploidy evolution across the moss phylogeny'. Ann. Bot. 125(4): iv-v.

Baird, A. S. [et al. 2021], Taylor, S. H., Pasquet-Kok, J., Yuong, C., Zhang, Y., Watcharamongkol, T., Scoffoni, C., Edwards, E. J., Christin, P.-A., Osborne, C. P., & Sack, L. 2021. Developmental and biophysical determinants of grass leaf size worldwide. Nature 592: 242-247.

Bak, S. [et al. 2006], Paquette, S. M., Morant, M., Rasmussen, A. V., Saito, S., Bjarnholt, N., Zagrobelny, M., Jørgensen, K., Osmani, S., Hamann, T., Simonsen, H. T., Pérez, R. S., van Hesswijck, T. B., Jørgensen, B., & Møller, B. L. 2006. Cyanogenic glycosides: A case study for evolution and application of cytochromes P450. Phytochem. Reviews 5: 309-329.

Baker, A. J. M., & Brooks, R. R. 1989. Terrestrial higher plants which accumulate metallic elements - a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery 1: 81-126.

Baker, C. C. M. [et al. 2017], Martins, D. J., Pelaez, J. N., Billen, J. P. J., Pringle, A., Frederickson, M. E., & Pierce, N. E. 2017. Distinctive fungal communities in an obligate African ant-plant mutualism. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 284: 20162501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2501

Baker, G. [et al. 1959], Jones, L. H. P., & Wardrop, I. D. 1959. Cause of wear in sheep's teeth. Nature 184: 1583-1584.

Baker, H. G. 1948. Dimorphism and monomorphism in the Plumbaginaceae. I. A survey of the family. Ann. Bot. N.S. 12: 207-219. 1948.

Baker, H. G. 1953. Dimorphism and monomorphism in the Plumbaginaceae. II. Pollen and stigmata in the genus Limonium. Ann. Bot. N.S. 17: 433-445.

Baker, H. G. 1976. “Mistake” pollination as a reproductive system with special reference to the Caricaceae. Pp. 161-169, in Burley, J., & Styles, B. T. (eds), Tropical Trees: Variation, Breeding, and Conservation. Academic Press, New York.

Baker, H. G., & Baker, I. 1968. Chromosome numbers in the Bombacaceae. Bot Gaz. 129: 294-296.

Baker, H. G., & Baker, I. 1982. Chemical constituents of nectar in relation to pollination mechanisms and phylogeny. Pp. 131-171, in Nitecki, M. H. (ed.), Biochemical Aspects of Evolutionary Biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Baker, H. G., & Baker, I. 1979. Starch in angiosperm pollen grains and its evolutionary significance. American J. Bot. 66: 591-600.

Baker, H. G. [et al. 1973], Baker, I., & Opler, P. A. 1973. Stigmatic exudates and pollination. Pp. 47-60, in Brantjes, N. B. M., & Linskens, N. F. (eds), Pollination and Dispersal. Department of Botany, University of Nijmegen.

Baker, H. G. [et al. 1998], Baker, I., & Hodges, S. A. 1998. Sugar composition of nectars and fruits consumed by birds and bats in the tropics and subtropics. Biotropica 30: 559-586.

Baker, M. A., & Pinkava, D. J. 2018. Chromosome counts of some cacti of western North America - X. Haseltonia 25: 25-29.

Baker, R. J. [et al. 2012], Bininda-Emons, O. R. P., Mantilla-Meluk, H., Porter, C. A., & van den Bussche, R. 2012. Molecular timescale of feeding strategy and morphology in New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae): A phylogenetic perspective. Pp. 385-409, in Gunnell G. F., & Simmons, N. B. (eds), Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology. [Cambridge Studies in Molecules and Morphology - New Evolutionary Paradigms.] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Baker, T. R. [et al. 2014], Pennington, R. T., Magallon, S., Gloor, E., Laurance, W. F., Alexiades, M., Alvarez, E., Araujo, A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Aymard, G., de Oliveira, A. A., Amaral, I., Arroyo, L., Bonal, D., Brienen, R. J. W., Chave, J., Dexter, K. G., Ai Fiore, A., Eler, E., Feldpausch, T. R., Ferreira, L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., van der Heijden, G., Higuchi, N., Honorio, E., Huamantupa, I., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, S., Leaño, C., Lewis, S. L., Malhi, Y., Marimon, B. S., Marimon, B. H. Jr., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Neill, D., Peñuela-Mora, M. C., Pitman, N., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez Angulo, H., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A. R., Salomão, R. P., de Andrade, A. S., Silva, J. N. M., Silveira, M., Simon, M. F., Spironello, W., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Toledo, M., Torres-Lezama, A., Vasquez, R., Vieira, I. C. G., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., & Phillips, O. L. 2014. Fast demographic traits promote high diversification rates of Amazonian trees. Ecol. Lett. 17: 527-536. doi: 10.1111/ele.12252

Baker, W. J. 2015. A revised delimitation of the rattan genus Calamus (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 197: 139-152. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.2.7 [Also: Corrections to Phytotaxa 197. A revised delimitation of the rattan genus Calamus (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 204: 235-236. 2015.]

Baker, W. J., & Couvreur, T. L. P. 2012. Biogeography and distribution patterns of Southeast Asian palms. Pp. 164-190, in Gower, D. J., Johnson, K. G., Richardson, J. E., Rosen, B. R., Rüber, L., & Williams, S. T. (eds), Biotic Evolution and Environmental Change in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 82.]

Baker, W. J., & Couvreur, T. L. P. 2013a. Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. I. Historical biogeography. J. Biogeog. 40: 274-285.

Baker, W. J., & Couvreur, T. L. P. 2013b. Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. II. Diversification history and origin of regional assemblages. J. Biogeog. 40: 286-298.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 1999a], Dransfield, J., Harley, M. M., & Bruneau, A. 1999a. Morphology and cladistic analysis of subfamily Calamoideae (Palmae). Pp. 305-323, in Henderson, A., & Borschenius, F. (eds), Evolution, Variation, and Classification of Palms [= Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 83: 307-324.] New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 1999b], Asmussen, C. B., Barrow, S. C., Dransfield, J., & Hedderson, T. A. 1999b. A phylogenetic study of the palm family (Palmae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences from the trnL-trnF region. Plant Syst. Evol. 219: 111-126.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2000a], Hedderson, T. A., & Dransfield, J. 2000a. Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Calamoideae (Palmae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequence data. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 14: 195-217.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2000b], Hedderson, T. A., & Dransfield, J. 2000b. Molecular phylogenetics of Calamus (Palmae) and related rattan genera based on5S nrDNA spacer sequence data. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 14: 218-231.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2000c], Hedderson, T. A., & Dransfield, J. 2000c. Phylogeny, character evolution, and a new classification of the calamoid palms. Syst. Bot. 25: 297-322.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2006], Zona, S., Heatubun, C. D., Lewis, C. E., Maturbongs, R. A., & Norup, M. V. 2006. Dransfieldia (Arecaceae) - a new palm genus from western New Guinea. Syst. Bot. 31: 61-69.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2009], Savolainen, V., Asmussen-Lange, C. B., Chase, M. W., Dransfield, J., Forest, F., Harley, M. M., Uhl, N. W., & Wilkinson, M. 2009. Complete generic-level phylogenetic analysis of palms (Arecaceae) with comparisons of supertree and supermatrix approaches. Syst. Biol. 58: 240-256.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2011], Norup, M. V., Clarkson, J. J., Couvreur, T. L. P., Dowe, J. L., Lewis, C. E., Pintaud, J. C., Savolainen, V. Wilmot, T. & Chase, M. W. 2011. Phylogenetic relationships among arecoid palms (Arecaceae: Arecoideae). Ann. Bot. 108: 1417-1432.

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2021a], Bailey, P., Barber, V., Barker, A., Bellot, S., Bishop, D., Botigué, L. R., Brewer, G., Carruthers, T., Clarkson, J. J., Cook, J., Cowan, R. S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Françoso, E., Gallego, B., Johnson, M., Kim, J. T., Leempoel, K., Maurin, O., McGinnie, C., Pokorny, L., Roy, S., Stone, M., Toledo, E., Wickett, N. J., Zuntini, A. R., Eiserhardt, W. L., Kersey, P. J., Leitch, I. J., & Forest, F. 2021a. A comprehensive phylogenomic platform for exploring the angiosperm Tree of Life. bioRΧiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.22.431589 = Baker, W. J. [et al. 2021a], Bailey, P., Barber, V., Barker, A., Bellot, S., Bishop, D., Botigué, L. R., Brewer, G., Carruthers, T., Clarkson, J. J., Cook, J., Cowan, R. S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Françoso, E., Gallego, B., Johnson, M. G., Kim, J. T., Leempoel, K., Maurin, O., McGinnie, C., Pokorny, L., Roy, S., Stone, M., Toledo, E., Wickett, N. J., Zuntini, A. R., Eiserhardt, W. L., Kersey, P. J., Leitch, I. J., & Forest, F. 2022 [= 2021a]. A comprehensive phylogenomic platform for exploring the angiosperm Tree of Life. Syst. Biol. 71: 301-319

Baker, W. J. [et al. 2021b], Dodsworth, S., Forest, F., Graham, S. W., Johnson, M. G., McDonnell, A., Pokorny, L., Tate, J. A., Wicke, S., & Wickett, N. J. 2021b. Exploring Angiosperms353: An open, community toolkit for collaborative phylogenomic research on flowering plants. American J. Bot. 108: 1059-1065.

Bakhoum, N. [et al. 2018], Fall, D., Fall, F., Diouf, F., Hirsch, A. M., Balachandar, D., & Diouf, D. 2018. Senegalia senegal (synonym: Acacia senegal), its importance to sub-Saharan Africa, and its relationship with a wide range of symbiotic soil microorganisms. South African J. Bot. 119: 362-368.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 1998], Vassiliades, D. D., & Morton, C. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of Biebersteinia Stephan (Geraniaceae) inferred from rbcL and atpB sequence comparisons. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 127: 149-158.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 1999], Culham, A., & Gibby, M. A. 1999. Phylogenetics and diversification in Pelargonium Pp. 353-374, in Hollingsworth, P. M., Bateman, R. M., & Gornall, R. J. (eds), Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution. Taylor and Francis, London.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 2000], Culham, A., Pankhurst, C. E., & Gibby, M. 2000. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae). American J. Bot. 87: 727-734.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 2004], Culham, A., Hettiarachi, P., Touloumenidou, T., & Gibby, M. 2004. Phylogeny of Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) based on DNA sequences from three genomes. Taxon 53: 17-28.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 2005], Culham, A., Marais, E. M., & Gibby, M. 2005. Nested radiation in Cape Pelargonium. Pp. 75-100, in Bakker, F. T., Chatrou, L. W., Gravendeel, B., & Pelser, P. B. (eds), Plant Species-Level Systematics: New Perspectives on Pattern and Process. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggel, Liechtenstein. [Regnum Vegetabile vol. 143.]

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 2006a], Breman, F., & Merckx, V. 2006a. DNA sequence evolution in fast-evolving mitochondrial DNA nad1 exons in Geraniaceae and Plantaginaceae. Taxon 55: 887-896.

Bakker, F. T. [et al. 2006b], van Gemerden, B. S., & Achoundong, G. 2006b. Molecular systematics of African Rinorea Aubl. (Violaceae). Pp. 33-44, in Ghazanfar, S. A., & Beentje, H. (eds), Taxonomy and Ecology of African Plants, Their Conservation and Sustainable Use. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Bakker, M. E. 1992. Oil and Mucilage Cells in Dicotyledons: Ontogeny, Ultrastructure, Distribution, and Systematic Value. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.

Bakker, M. E. 2000a. Annonaceae, Neotropical Genera and Species. CD-ROM (Windows and Macintosh). Springer, Amsterdam.

Bakker, M. E. 2000b. Annonaceae, Genera Worldwide. CD-ROM (Windows and Macintosh). Springer, Amsterdam.

Bakker, P. A. H. M. [et al. 2020], Berendsen, R. L., Van Pelt, J. A., Vismans, G., Yu, K., Li, E., Van Bentum, S., Poppeliers, S. W. M., Sanchez Gil, J. J., Zhang, H., Goossens, P., Stringlis, I. A., Song, Y., de Jonge, R., & Pieterse, C. M. J. 2020. The soil-borne identity and microbiome-assisted agriculture: Looking back to the future. Molec. Plant 13: 1394-1401

Bakker, R. 1978. Dinosaur feeding behaviour and the origin of flowering plants. Nature 274: 661-663.

Bakshi, T. S. 1952. Floral morphology and embryology of Psilostachys sericea Hook. f.. Phytomorph. 2: 151-161.

Bakshi, T. S. 1959. Ecology and morphology of Pterospora andromedea. Bot. Gaz. 120: 203-217.

Balachandar, M. [et al. 2019], Ravi, R. K., Ranjithamani, A., & Muthukumar, T. 2019. Comparative vegetative anatomy and mycorrhizal morphology of three South Indian Luisia species (Orchidaceae) with the note on their epiphytic adaptations. Flora 251: 39-61.

Balashova, A. V. [et al. 2022], Andronova, E. V., Kovaleva, A. A., & Butuzova, O. G. 2022. Photosensitivity of seed germination of Cymbidiun dayanum (Orchidaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 107: 385-396. [In Russian.]

Balasubramanian, R. [et al. 2008], Selvaraj, P., & Sahayaraj, K. 2008. Partial purification and characterization of phytoecdysone from Chrystella parasitica (L.) and screening its pesticidal properties on lepidopteran pests. J. Biopest. 1: 201-205.

Baldauf, S. L. [et al. 1990], Manhart, J. R., & Palmer, J. D. 1990. Different fates of the chloroplast tufA gene following its transfer to the nucleus in green algae. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 87: 5317-5321.

Baldwin, A. S., & Webb, R. H. 2016. The genus Sansevieria: An introduction to molecular (DNA) analysis and preliminary insights to intrageneric relationships. Sansevieria 34: 14-26.

Baldwin, B. G. 1997. Adaptive radiation of the Hawaiian silversword alliance: Congruence and conflict of phylogenetic evidence from molecular and non-molecular investigations. Pp. 103-128, in Givnish, T. J., & Sytsma, K. J. (eds), Molecular Evidence and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Baldwin, B. G. 1998. Evolution in the endemic Hawaiian Compositae. Pp. 49-73, in Stuessy, T. F., & Ono, M. (eds), Evolution and Speciation of Island Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Baldwin, B. G., & Sanderson, M. J. 1998. Age and rate of diversification of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae). Proc. National Acad. Sci. 95: 9402-9406.

Baldwin, B. G., & Wessa, B. L. 2000. Origin and relationships of the tarweed-silversword lineage (Compositae-Madiinae). American J. Bot. 87: 1890-1908.

Baldwin, B. G. [et al. 2002], Wessa, B. L., & Panero, J. L. 2002. Nuclear rDNA evidence for major lineages of helenioid Heliantheae (Compositae). Syst. Bot. 27: 161-198.

Baldwin, B. G. [et al. 2011], Kalisz, S., & Armbruster, W. S. 2011. Phylogenetic perspectives on diversification, biogeography, and floral evolution of Collinsia and Tonella (Plantaginaceae). American J. Bot. 98: 731-753.

Baldwin, B. G. [et al. 2021], Wood, K. R., & Freyman, W. A. 2021. Directionally biased habitat shifts and biogeographically informative cytonuclear discordance in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae). American J. Bot. 108: 2015-2027.

Baldwin, J. W. [et al. 2019], Dechmann, D. K. N., Thies, W., & Whitehead, S. W. 2020 [= 2019].. Defensive fruit metabolites obstruct seed dispersal by altering bat behavior and physiology at multiple temporal scales. Ecology 101(2):e02937.

Baldwin, M. W. [et al. 2014], Toda, Y., Nakagita, T., O'Connell, M. J., Klasing, K. C., Misaka, T., Edwards, S. V., & Liberles, S. D. 2014. Evolution of sweet taste perception in hummingbirds by transformation of the ancestral umami receptor. Science 345: 929-933.

Balfour, E. 1957 [= 1958a]. The development of the vascular systems in Macropiper excelsum Forst. - I. The embryo and seedling. Phytomorph. 7: 354-364.

Balfour, E. 1958b. The development of the vascular systems in Macropiper excelsum Forst. - II. The mature stem. Phytomorph. 8: 224-233.

Balfour, E. E., & Philipson, W. R. 1962. The development of the primary vascular system in certain dicotyledons. Phytomorph. 12: 110-143.

Balgooy, M. M. J. 1997. Malesian Seed Plants. Volume 1 - Spot Characters. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.

Balgooy, M. M. J. 1998. Malesian Seed Plants. Volume 2 - Portraits of Tree Families. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.

Balgooy, M. M. J. 2001. Malesian Seed Plants. Volume 3 - Portraits of Non-tree Families. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden.

Balhara, M. [et al. 2013], Stauffer, F. W., Balslev, H., & Barfod, A. S. 2013. Floral structure and organogenesis of the wax palm Ceroxylon ceriferum (Arecaceae; Ceroxyloideae). American J. Bot. 100: 2132-2140.

Balick, M. J. [et al. 1978], Furth, D. G., & Cooper-Driver, G. 1978. Biochemical and evolutionary aspects of arthropod predation on ferns. Oecologia 35: 55-89.

Balicka-Iwanowska, G. 1899. Contribution à l'étude du sac embryonnaire chez certain Gamopetales. Flora 86: 47-71, Taf./Pl. III-IV - IX-X.

Balint, Z. [et al. 2003], Constantino, L. M., & Johnson, K. 2003. Atlides dahnersi sp. n. from Colombia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Fol. Entomol. Hungarica 64: 251-266.

Balke, M. [et al. 2008], Gómez-Zurita, J., Ribera, I., Viloria, A., Zillikens, A., Steiner, J., García, M., Hendrich, L., & Vogler, A. P. 2008. Ancient associations of aquatic beetles and tank bromeliads in the Neotropical forest canopy. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 6356-6361.

Ball, L. D. [etc al. 2023], Bedoya, A. M., Taylor, C. M., & Lagomarsino, L. P. 2023. A target enrichment probe set for resolving phylogenetic relationships in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Applic. Plant Sci. 11(6):e11554. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11554

Ball, M. 1988. Ecophysiology of mangroves. Trees 2: 129-142.

Ballard, H. E. [et al. 1998], Sytsma, K. J., & Kowall, R. R. 1998. Shrinking the violets: Phylogenetic relationships of infrageneric groups in Viola (Violaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences. Syst. Bot. 23: 439-458.

Ballard, H. E. [et al. 2009], Wahlert, G. A., de Paula-Souza, J., & Feng, M. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic relationships, infrafamilial groups, and a proposed classification for the violet family (Violaceae). P. 188, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Ballard, H. E. [et al. 2013], de Paula-Souza, J., & Wahlert, G. A. 2014 [= 2013]. Violaceae. Pp. 303-322, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Flowering Plants. XI. Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Malpighiales. Springer, Berlin.

Ballard, H. [et al. 2014], Paula Souza, J., Wahlert, G., & Flicker, B. 2014. Dismantling the polyphyletic genera Hybanthus and Rinorea (Violaceae): A progress report. Pp. 191-192, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Ballego-Campos, I., & Paiva, É. A. S. 2018. Colleters in the vegetative axis of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae): Anatomical, ultrastructural and functional aspects. Australian J. Bot. 66: 379-387.

Ballego-Campos, I. [et al. 2022], Forzza, R. C., & Paiva, É. A. S. 2022. Extranuptial nectaries in bromeliads: A new record for Pitcairnia burchellii and perspectives for Bromeliaceae. Sci. Nature 109:28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-022-01799-5

Ballego-Campos, I. [et al. 2023], Forzza, R. C., & Paiva, É. A. S. 2023, An overview of secretion in floral bracts of Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), with emphasis on the secretory scales. AoB Plants 15: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad066

Ballerini, E. S. [et al. 2020], Min, Y., Edwards, M. B., Kramer, E. M., & Hodges, S. A. 2020. POPOVICH, encoding a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor, plays a central role in the development of a key innovation, floral nectar spurs, in Aquilegia. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 117: 22552-22560.

Balslev, H. 1996. Flora Neotropica. Monograph 68. Juncaceae. New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Balslev, H. 1998. Juncaceae. Pp. 252-259, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Baltisberger, M., & Hörandl, E. 2016 [= 2015]. Karyotype evolution supports the molecular phylogeny in the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 18: 1-14.

Baltruschat, H. [ et al. 2008], Fodor, J., Harrach, B. D., Niemczyk, E., Barna, B., Gullner, G., Janeczko, A., Kogel, K.-H., Schäfer, P., Schwarczinger, I., Zuccaro, A, & Skoczowski, A. 2008. Salt tolerance of barley induced by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica is associated with a strong increase in antioxidants. New Phytol. 180: 501-510.

Baltzer, J. L. [et al. 2021], Day, N. J., Walker, X. J., Greene, D., Mack, M. C., Alexander, H. D., Arseneault, D., Barnes, J., Bergeron, Y., Boucher, Y., Bourgeau-Chavez, L., Brown, C. D., Carrière, S., Howard, B. K., Gauthier, S., Parisien, M.-A., Reid, K. A., Rogers, B. M., Roland, C., Sirois, L., Stehn, S., Thompson, D. K., Turetsky, M. R., Veraverbeke, S., Whitman, E., Yang, J., & Johnstone, J. F. 2021. Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 118:e2024872118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024872118

Balun, L. 2011. Functional Diversity in the Hyper-Diverse Mangrove Communities in Papua New Guinea. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Tennessee.

Bamboo Phylogeny Group. 2012a. An updated tribal and subtribal classification of the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). J. American Bamboo Soc. 24: 1-10.

Bamboo Phylogeny Group. 2012b. An updated tribal and subtribal classification of the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Pp. 3-27, in Gielis, J., & Potters, G. (eds), Proceedings 9th World Bamboo Congress. World Bamboo Organization, Antwerp. [Classification the same as in 2012a, but much more associated material.]

Banack, S. A. 1998. Diet selection and resource use by flying foxes (genus Pteropus). Ecology 79: 1949-1967.

Banasiak, L. [et al. 2013], Piwczynski, M., Ulinski, T., Downie, S. R., Watson, M. F., Shakya, B., & Spalik, K. 2013. Dispersal patterns in space and time: A case study of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. J. Biogeog. 40: 1324-1335. doi: 10.1111/jbi.12071

Banasiak L. [et al. 2016], Wojewódzka, A., Baczynski, J., Reduron, J.-P., Piwczynski, M., Kurzyna-Mlynik, R., Gutaker, R., Czarnocka-Cieciura, A., Kosmala-Grzechnik, S., & Spalik, K. 2016. Phylogeny of Apiaceae subtribe Daucinae and the taxonomic delineation of its genera. Taxon 65: 563-585.

Bancroft, H. 1935. Some fossil dicotyledonous wood from Mount Elgon, East Africa. American J. Bot. 22: 164-183.

Banda-R, K. [et al. 2016], Delgado-Salinas, A., Dexter, K. G., Linares-Palomino, R., Oliveira-Filho, A., Prado, D., Pullan, M., Quintana, C., Riina, R., Rodríguez, M. G. M., Weintritt, J., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Adarve, J, Álvarez, E., Aranguren, B. A., Arteaga, J. C., Aymard, G., Castaño, A., Ceballos-Mago, N., Cogollo, A., Cuadros, H., Delgado, F., Devia, W., Due∇as, H., Fajardo, L., Fernández, A., Fern´ndez, M. A., Franklin, J., Freid, E. H., Galetti, L. A., Gonto, R., Gonzâlez-M., R., Graveson, R., Helmer, E. H., Idárraga, Á., López, R., Marcano-Vega, H., Martinez, O. G., Maturo, H. M., McDonald, M., McLaren, K., Melo, O., Mijares, F., Mogni, V., Molina, D., Moreno, N. P., Nassar, J. M., Neves, D. M., Oakley, L. J., Oatham, M., Olvera-Luna, A. R., Pezzini, F. F., Dominguez, O. J. R., Ríos, M. E., Rivera, O., Rodríguez, N., Rojas, A., Särkinen, T., Sánchez, R., Smith, M., Vargas C., Villanueva, B., & Pennington, R. T. [= DRYFLOR]. 2016. Plant diversity patterns in Neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications. Science 353: 1383-1387. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf5080

Bande, M. B. [et al. 1988], Chandra, A., Venkatachala, B. S., & Mehrotra, R. C. 1988. Deccan Intertrappean floristics and its stratigraphic implications. Pp. 83-123, in Maheshwari, H. K. [ed.], Palaeocene of India. Limits and subdivisions. Indian Association of Palynostratigraphers, Lucknow. [Publication 4.]

Banerjee, A., & Stefanovic, S. 2020. Reconstructing plastome evolution across the phylogenetic backbone of the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 194: 423-438.

Banerjee, A., & Stefanovic, S. 2023. A comparative study across the parasitic plants of Cuscuta subgenus Grammica (Convolvulaceae) reveals a possible loss of the plastid genome in its section Subulatae. Planta 257:66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04099-y

Banerjee, I., & Pal, S. 1958. Studies in the embryology of Feronia limonia Swingle. Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 12: 18-28.

Bänfer, G. [et al. 2006], Moog, U., Fiala, B., Mohamed, M., Weising, K., & Blattner, F. R. 2006. A chloroplast genealogy of myrmecophytic Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia reveals hybridization, vicariance and long-distance dispersals. Molec. Ecol. 15: 4409-4424.

Baniaga, A. E., & Barker, M. S. 2019. Nuclear genome size is positively correlated with median LTR-RT insertion time in fern and lycophyte genomes. American Fern J. 109: 248-266.

Banin, L. [et al. 2014], Lewis, S. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Baker, T. R., Quesada, C. A., Chao, K.-J., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Nilus, R., Abu Salim, K., Keeling, H. C., Tan, S., Davies, S. J., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Vásquez, R., Lloyd, J., Neill, D. A., Pitman, N., & Phillips, O. L. 2014. Tropical forest wood production: A cross-continental comparison. J. Ecol. 102: 1025-1037. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12263

Banks, H., & Klitgaard, B. B. 2000. Palynological contribution to the systematics of detarioid legumes. Pp. 79-106, in Herendeen, P., & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Banks, H., & Lewis, G. P. 2009. Pollen morphology of the Dimorphandra group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Grana 48: 19-26.

Banks, H., & Lewis, G. 2018. Phylogenetically informative pollen structures of 'caesalpinioid' pollen (Caesalpinioideae, Cercidoideae, Detarioideae, Dialioideae and Duparquetioideae: Fabaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 187: 59-86.

Banks, H., & Rudall, P. J. 2016. Pollen structure and function in caesalpinioid legumes. American J. Bot. 103: 423-436.

Banks, H. [et al. 2003], Klitgaard, B. B., Lewis, G. P., Crane, P. R., & Bruneau, A. 2003. Pollen and the systematics of the tribes Caesalpinieae and Cassieae. Pp. 95-122, in Klitgaard, B. B., & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10. Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Banks, H. [et al. 2006], Feist-Burkhart, S., & Klitgaard, B. B. 2006. The unique pollen morphology of Duparquetia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae): Developmental evidence of aperture orientation using confocal microscopy. Ann. Bot. 98: 107-115.

Banks, H. [et al. 2008], Klitgaard, B. B., Claxton, F., Forest, F., & Crane, P. R. 2008. Pollen morphology of the family Polygalaceae (Fabales). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 156: 253-289.

Banks, H. [et al. 2010], Himanen, I., & Lewis, G. P. 2010. Evolution of pollen, stigmas and ovule numbers at the caesalpinioid-mimosoid interface (Fabaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 162: 594-615.

Banks, H. [et al. 2011], Moat, J., & Lewis, G. 2011. Why package pollen in groups? P. 275, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Banks, H. [et al. 2013], Forest, F., & Lewis, G. 2013. Palynological contribution to the systematics and taxonomy of Bauhinia s. l. (Leguminosae: Cercideae). South African J. Bot. 89: 219-226.

Banks, H. [et al. 2014], Forest, F., & Lewis, G. 2014. Evolution and diversity of pollen morphology in tribe Cercideae (Leguminosae). Taxon 63: 299-314.

Banks, J. A. [et al. 2011], Nishiyama, T., Hasebe, M., Bowman, J. L., Gribskov, M., dePamphilis, C., Albert, V. A., Aono, N., Aoyama, T., Ambrose, B. A., Ashton, N. W., Axtell, M. J., Barker, E., Barker, M. S., Bennetzen, J. L., Bonawitz, N. D., Chapple, C., Cheng, C., Correa, L. G., Dacre, M., DeBarry, J., Dreyer, I., Elias, M., Engstrom, E. M., Estelle, M., Feng, L., Finet, C., Floyd, S. K., Frommer, W. B., Fujita, T., Gramzow, L., Gutensohn, M., Harholt, J., Hattori, M., Heyl, A., Hirai, T., Hiwatashi, Y., Ishikawa, M., Iwata, M., Karol, K. G., Koehler, B., Kolukisaoglu, U., Kubo, M., Kurata, T., Lalonde, S., Li, K., Li, Y., Litt, A., Lyons, E., Manning, G., Maruyama, T., Michael, T. P., Mikami, K., Miyazaki, S., Morinaga, S., Murata, T., Mueller-Roeber, B., Nelson, D. R., Obara, M., Oguri, Y., Olmstead, R. G., Onodera, N., Petersen, B. L., Pils, B., Prigge, M., Rensing, S. A., Riaño-Pachón, D. M., Roberts, A. W., Sato, Y., Scheller, H. V., Schulz. B., Schulz, C., Shakirov, E. V., Shibagaki, N., Shinohara, N., Shippen, D. E., Sørensen, I., Sotooka, R., Sugimoto, N,. Sugita, M., Sumikawa, N., Tanurdzic, M., Theisßen, G., Ulvskov, P., Wakazuki, S., Weng, J. K., Willats, W. W. G. T., Wipf, D., Wolf, P. G., Yang, L., Zimmer, A. D., Zhu, Q., Mitros, T., Hellsten, U., Loqué, D., Otillar, R., Salamov, A., Schmutz, J., Shapiro, H., Lindquist, E., Lucas, S., Rokhsar, D., & Grigoriev, I. V. 2011. The Selaginella genome identifies genetic changes associated with the evolution of vascular plants. Science 332: 960-963.

Bannan, M. W. 1934. Origin and cellular character of xylem rays in gymnosperms. Bot. Gaz. 96: 260-281.

Bannan, M. W. 1936. Vertical resin ducts in the secondary wood of the Abietineae. New Phytol. 35: 11-46, pl. 1.

Bannister, J. M., & Conran, J. G. 2019. Comparative leaf morphology and cuticular anatomy of Akania bidwillii (Akaniaceae). Swainsona 33: 1-8.

Bansal, M. [et al. 2021], Nagaraju, S. K., Mishra, A. K., Selvaraj, J., Patnaik, R., & Prasad, V. 2021. Fossil pollen from early Palaeogene sediments in western India provides phylogenetic insights into divergence history and pollen character evolution in the pantropical family Ebenaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 197: 147-169.

Bansal, M. [et al. 2022a], Morley, R. J., Nagaraju, S. K., Dutta, S., Mishra, A. K., Selveraj, J., Kumar, S., Niyolia, D., Harish, S. M., Abdelrahim, O. B., Hasan, S. E., Ramesh, B. R., Dayanandan, S., Morley, H. P., Ashton, P. S., & Prasad, V. 2022a. Southeast Asian dipterocarp origin and diversification driven by Africa-India floristic interchange. Science 375: 455-460. doi:10.1126/science.abk2177

Bansal, M. [et al. 2022b], Mishra, S., & Prasad, V. 2022. Biogeographic and evolutionary history of Crotonoideae based on pollen evidence from Indian Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments. Biotropica 54: 1331-1348.

Banta, A. B. [et al. 2017], Wei, J. H., Gill, C. C. C., Giner, J.-L., & Welander, P. V. 2017. Synthesis or arborane triterpenoids by bacterial oxidosqualene cyclase. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 114: 245-250.

Bänziger, H. 2004. Studies on hitherto unknown fruits and seeds of some Rafflesiaceae, and a method to manually pollinate their flowers for research and conservation. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 36: 1175-1198.

Bao, T. [et al. 2019], Wang, B., Li, J., & Dilcher, D. 2019. Pollination of Cretaceous flowers. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 24707-24711.

Bar, M., & Shtein, I. 2019. Plant trichomes and the biomechanics of defense in various systems, with Solanaceae as a model. Botany 97: 651-660.

Barabé, D. 2013. Aroid floral morphogenesis in relation to phylogeny. Pp. 279-296, in Wilkin, P., & Mayo, S. J. (eds), Early Events in Monocot Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 83.]

Barabé, D., & Lacroix, C. 2008a. Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: A new element in our understanding of basal Araceae. Botany 86: 45-52.

Barabé, D., & Lacroix, C. 2008b. Developmental morphology of the flower of Anaphyllopsis americana and its relevance to our understanding of basal Araceae. Botany 86: 1467-1473.

Barabé, D. [et al. 1992], Brouillet, L., & Bertrand, C. 1992. Organogénie de la feuille du Begonia radicans Vellozo et du Begonia scabrida (Begoniaceae). Canadian J. Bot. 70: 1107-1122.

Barabé, D. [et al. 2004a], Lacroix, C., Bruneau, A., Archambault, A., & Gibernau, M. 2004a. Floral development and phylogenetic position of Schismatoglottis (Araceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 165: 173-189.

Barabé, D. [et al. 2004b], Lacroix, C., Chouteau, M., & Gibernau, M. 2004b. On the presence of extracellular calcium oxalate crystals on the inflorescences of Araceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 146: 181-190.

Barabé, D. [et al. 2011], Lacroix, C., & Gibernau, M. 2011. Floral development of Urospatha: Merosity and phylogeny of the Lasioideae (Araceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 296: 41-50.

Barabé, D. [et al. 2013], Lacroix, C., & Gibernau, M. 2013. Developmental morphology of Syngonium in the context of the tribe Caladieae (Araceae). Willdenowia 42: 297-305.

Baranov, P. A. 1957. Coleorrhiza in Myrtaceae. Phytomorph. 7: 237-243.

Baranova, M. 1972. Systematic anatomy of the leaf epidermis in the Magnoliaceae and some related families. Taxon 21: 447-469.

Baranova, M. 1983. On the laterocytic stomatype in angiosperms. Brittonia 35: 93-102.

Baranova, M. 1987. Historical development of the present classification of morphological types of stomates. Bot. Review 53: 53-79.

Baranova, M. 2004a. The stomatal apparatus of Takhtajania perrieri (Capuron) M. Baranova & J.-F. Leroy (Winteraceae). Kew Bull. 59: 141-144.

Baranova, M. 2004b. The epidermal structure of Austrobaileya (Austrobaileyaceae) - a further comment. Kew Bull. 59: 489-491.

Baranova, M. A., & Jeffrey, C. 2006. Leaf anatomy and the systematics of the Rhizophoraceae sensu lato. Bot. Zhurn. 91: 1787-1815.

Barba-Montoya, J. [et al. 2018], dos Reis, M., Schneider, H., Donoghue, P. C. J., & Yang, Z. 2018. Constraining uncertainty in the timescale of angiosperm evolution and the veracity of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. New Phytol. 218: 819-834.

Barba Montoya, J. A. [et al. 2011], Magallón Puebla, S., & Trejo Salazar, R. 2011. Understanding arid Neotropical biodiversity: The timinhg and diversification rates of tribe Pachycereae (Cactaceae, Caryophyllales. P. 162, in Botany 2011. Healing the Planet, Abstracts. St Louis.

Barbehenn, R. V., & Constabel, C. P. 2011. Tannins in plant-herbivore interactions. Phytochem. 72: 1551-1565.

Barber, J. [et al. 2008], Diazgranados, M., & Hoch. P. C. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of Ludwigia (Onagraceae) reconstructed from multiple nuclear and cpDNA markers. P. 86, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Barber, K. G. 1909. Comparative histology of fruits and seeds of certain species of Cucurbitaceae. Bot. Gaz. 47: 263-310.

Barber, N. A., & Soper Gorden, N. L. 2014. How do belowground organisms influence plant-pollinator interactions? J. Plant Ecol. 8: 1-11.

Barberá, P. [et al. 2019], Soreng, R. J., Peterson, P. M., Romaschenko, K., Quintanar, A., & Aedo, C. 2020 [= 2019]. Molecular phylogenetic analysis resolves Trisetum (Poaceae: Pooideae: Koeleriinae) polyphyletic: Evidence for a new genus, Sibirotrisetum and resurrection of Acrospelion. J. Syst. Evol. 58: 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12523

Barbero, F., & Maffei, M. 2017. Biodiversity and chemotaxonomic significance of specialized metabolites. Pp. 23-63, in Arimura, G.-i., & Maffei, M. (eds), Plant Specialized Metabolism. Genomics, Biochemistry, and Biological Functions. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Barbosa, C. Z. dos R. [et al. 2014], de Mendonça, M. S., & Rodrigues, R. S. 2014. Seedling morphology of three sympatric savanna species of Byrsonima: First evidence of cryptogeal germination in Malpighiaceae and an overlooked seedling type in eudicots. Flora 209: 401-407.

Barbosa, J. F. [et al. 2018], Sakuragui, C. M., & Rodrigues, D. 2019 [= 2018]. Pollination of Philodendron propinquum Schott (Araceae): A new pattern in the lineage Philodendron. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 180: 153-159.

Barbour, M. G. 1970. Is any angiosperm an obligate halophyte? American Midl. Natural. 85: 105-120.

Barboza, G. A. [et al. 2022], García, C. G., Bianchetti, L. de B., Romero, M. V., & Scaldaferro, M. 2022. Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 200: 1-423.

Barboza, G. E. 1989. Sobre la naturaleza tricelular de los granos de polen en la tribu Jaboroseae (Solanaceae). Kurtziana 20: 139-145.

Barboza, G. E. [et al. 2016], Hunziker, A. T., Bernardello, G., Cocucci, A. A., Carrizo Garcia, C., Fuentes, V., Dillon, M. O., Bittrich, V., Cosa, M. T., Subils, R., Romanutti, A., Arroyo, S., & Anton, A. 2016. Solanaceae. Pp. 295-357, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Barceló, M. [et al. 2019], van Bodegom, P. M., & Soudzilovskaia, N. A. 2019. Climate drives the spatial distribution of mycorrhizal host plants in terrestrial ecosystems. J. Ecol. 107: 2564-2573.

Bárcenas, R. T. 2016. A molecular phylogenetic approach to the systematics of Cylindropuntieae (Opuntioideae, Cactaceae). Cladistics 32: 351-359.

Bárcenas, R. T. [et al. 2011], Yesson, C., & Hawkins, J. A. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae. Cladistics 27: 470-489.

Barclay, R. S. [et al. 2010], McElwain, J. C., & Sageman, B. B. 2010. Carbon sequestration activated by a volcanic CO₂ pulse during Ocean Anoxic Event 2. Nature Geosci. 3: 205-208.

Barclay, R. S. [et al. 2012], Wilf, P., Dilcher, D. L., & McElwain, J. C. 2012. The Cuticle Database Project, version 1.1. The Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University. Cuticle Database Project

Barco, B., & Clay, N. K. 2019. Evolution of glucosinolate diversity via whole-genome duplications, gene rearrangements, and substrate promiscuity. Ann. Review Plant Biol. 70: 269-291.

Barden, A. [et al. 2000], Anak, N. A., Mulliken, T., & Song, M. 2000. Heart of the matter: Agarwood use and trade and CITES implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis. Available at: www.traffic.org

Barden, P., & Grimaldi, D. A. 2014. A diverse ant fauna from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS ONE 9(4):e93627. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093627

Barden, P., & Grimaldi, D. A. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Curr. Biol. 26: 515-521.

Bardgett, R. D. [et al. 2006], Smith, R. S., Shiel, R. S., Peacock, S., Simkin, J. N., Quirk, H., & Hobbs, P. J. 2006. Parasitic plants indirectly regulate below-ground properties in grassland ecosystems. Nature 439: 969-972.

Bardgett, R. D. [et al. 2014], Mommer, L., & de Vries, F. T. 2014. Going underground: Root traits as drivers of ecosystem processes. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29: 692-699.

Bardon, L. [et al. 2012], Champagne, J., Dexter, K., Sothers, C., Prance, G., & Chave, J. 2013 [= 2012]. Origin and evolution of the Chrysobalanaceae family: Insights into the evolution of plants in the Neotropics. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 171: 19-37.

Bardon, L. [et al. 2016], Sothers, C., Prance, G. T., Malé, P.-J. G., Xi, Z., Davis, C. C., Murienne, J., García-Villacorta, R., Coissac, E., Lavergne, S., & Chave, J. 2016. Unraveling the biogeographical history of Chrysobalanaceae from plastid genomes American J. Bot. 103: 1089-1102.

Baretta-Kuipers, T. 1976. Comparative wood anatomy of Bonnetiaceae, Theaceae and Guttiferae. Leiden Bot. Ser. 3: 76-101.

Baretta-Kuipers, T. 1981. Wood anatomy of Leguminosae: Its relevance to taxonomy. Pp. 677-705, in Polhill, R. M., & Raven, P. H. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Barfod, A. 1988. Inflorescence morphology of some South American Anacardiaceae and the possible phylogenetic trends. Nordic J. Bot. 8: 3-11.

Barfod, A. S. [et al. 2011], Hagen, M., & Borchsenius, F. 2011. Twenty five years of progress in understanding pollination mechanisms in palms (Arecaceae). Ann. Bot. 108: 1503-1516.

Barfuss, M. [et al. 2004], Samuel, M. R., & Till, W. 2004. Molecular phylogeny in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on six cpDNA markers: An update. J. Bromel. Soc. 54: 9-17.

Barfuss, M. [et al. 2005], Samuel, M. R., Till, W., & Stuessy, T. F. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. American J. Bot. 92: 337-351.

Barfuss, M. H. J. [et al. 2011], Till, W., & Samuel, R. 2011. Systematics, evolution and phylogeography of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) and related genera. P. 189, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Barfuss, M. H. J. [et al. 2016], Till, W., Leme, E. M. C., Pinzón, J. P., Manzinares, J. M., Halbritter, H., Samuel, R., & Brown, G. K. 2016. Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology. Phytotaxa 279: 1-97.

Barker, D. G. [et al. 2017], Chabaud, M., Russo, G., & Genre, A. 2017. Nuclear Ca²⁺ signalling in arbuscular mycorrhizal and actinorhizal endosymbioses: On the trail of novel underground signals. New Phytol. 214: 533-538.

Barker, F. K. [et al. 2004], Cibois, A., Schikler, P., Feinstein, J., & Cracraft, J. 2004. Phylogeny and diversification of the largest Avian radiation. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 101: 11040-11045.

Barker, M. S. 2009. Evolutionary genomic analyses of ferns reveal that high chromosome numbers are a product of high retention and fewer rounds of polyploidy relative to angiosperms. American Fern J. 99: 136-141.

Barker, M. S. 2013. Karyotype and genome evolution in pteridophytes. Pp. 245-253, in Leitch, I. J., Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., & Wendel, J. F. (eds), Plant Genome Diversity. Volume 2. Physical Structure, Behaviour and Evolution of Plant Genomes. Springer, Vienna.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2008], Kane, N. C., Matvienko, M., Kozik, A., Michelmore, R. W., Knapp, S. J., & Rieseberg, L. H. 2008. Multiple paleopolyploidizations during the evolution of the Compositae reveal parallel patterns of duplicate gene retention after millions of years. Molec. Biol. Evol. 25: 2445-2455.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2009], Vogel, H., & Schranz, M. E. 2009. Paleopolyploidy in Brassicales: Analyses of the Cleome transcriptome elucidate the history of genome duplications in Arabidopsis and other Brassicales. Genome Biol. Evol. 2009, 391-399.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2010], Graham, S. W., & Rieseberg, L. H. 2010. Comparative gymnosperm transcriptomics P. 21, in Botany 2010. July 31 - August 4, Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Abstracts.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2012], Baute, G. J., & Liu, S. L. 2012. Duplications and turnover in plant genomes. Pp. 155-169, in Wendel, J. F. (ed.), Plant Genome Diversity. Vol. 1. Springer, Vienna.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2016], Arrigo, N., Baniaga, A. E., Li, Z., & Levin, D. A. 2016. On the relative abundance of autopolyploids and allopolyploids. New Phytol. 210: 391-398.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2016a], Li, Z., Kidder, T. I., Reardon, C. R., Lai, Z., Oliveira, L. O., Scascitelli, M., & Rieseberg, L. H. 2016a. Most Compositae are descendants of a paleohexaploid and all share a paleotetraploid ancestor with Calyceraceae. American J. Bot. 103: 1203-1211.

Barker, M. S. [et al. 2016b], Husband, B. C., & Pires, J. C. 2016. Spreading Winge and flying high: The evolutionary importance of polyploidy after a century of study. Ametrican J. Bot. 103: 1139-1145.

Barker, N. P. 2005. A review and survey of basicarpy, geocarpy, and amphicarpy in the African and Madagascan flora. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 92: 445-462.

Barker, N. P. [et al. 2000], Schrire, B. D., & Kim, J.-H. 2000. Generic relationships in the tribe Indigofereae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) based on sequence data and morphology. Pp. 311-337, in Herendeen, P. S., & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Barker, N. P. [et al. 2002], Weston, P. H., Rourke, J. P., & Reeves, G. 2002. The relationships of the southern African Proteaceae as elucidated by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequence data. Kew Bull. 57: 867-883.

Barker, N. P. [et al. 2004], Vanderpoorten, A., Morton, C. M., & Rourke, J. P. 2004. Phylogeny, biogeography, and the evolution of life history traits in Leucadendron (Proteaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 33: 845-860.

Barker, N. P. [et al. 2007a], Galley, C., Verboom, G. A., Mafa, P., Gilbert, M., & Linder, H. P. 2007a. The phylogeny of the austral grass subfamily Danthonioideae: Evidence from multiple data sets. Plant Syst. Evol. 264: 135-156.

Barker, N. P. [et al. 2007b], Weston, P. H., Rutschmann, F., & Sauquet, H. 2007b. Molecular dating of the 'Gondwanan' plant family Proteaceae is only partially congruent with the timing of the break-up of Gondwana. J. Biogeog. 34: 2012-2027.

Barker, W. R. 1982. Evolution, adaptation and biogeography in arid Australian Scrophulariaceae. Pp. 341-350, in Barker, W. R., & Greenslade, P. J. M. (eds), Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia. Peacock Publications, Frewville, South Australia.

Barker, W. R. 1991. A taxonomic revision of Mazus Lour. (Scrophulariaceae) in Australasia. Pp. 85-94, in Banks, M. R., Smith, S. J., Orchard, A. E., & Kantvilas, G. (eds), Aspects of Tasmanian Botany: A Tribute to Winifred Curtis. Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania.

Barker, W. R. 2018. Notes on the taxonomy of Australian Lindernia subg. Didymadenia (Linderniaceae). Swainsonia 31: 59-80.

Barker, W. R. [et al. 2012], Nesom, G. L., Beardsley, P. M., & Fraga, N. S. 2012. A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscription for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations. Phytoneuron 2012-39: 1-60.

Barkla, B. J. [et al. 2016], Vera-Estrella, R., & Raymond, C. 2016. Single-cell-type quantitative proteomic and ionomic analysis of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte model plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to identify salt-responsive proteins. BMC Plant Biol. 16:110. doi: 10.1186/s12870.016.0797.1

Barkley, F. A. 1937. A monographic study of Rhus and its immediate allies in North and Central America, including the West Indies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 265-498.

Barkman, J. J. 1988. New systems of plant growth forms and phenological plant types. Pp. 9-44, in Werger, M. J. A., van der Aart, P. J. M., During, H. J., & Verhoeven, J. T. A. (eds), Plant Form and Vegetation Structure: Adaptation, Plasticity and Relation to Herbivory. SPB Academic Publishers, The Hague.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2000a], McNeal, J. R., Chenery, G., & Depamphilis, C. 2000a. Evolutionary genomic analyses converge on basal angiosperm phylogeny. American J. Bot. 87(6, suppl.): 112.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2000b], Chenery, G., McNeal, J. R., Lyons-Weiler, J., Ellisens, W. J., Moore, G., Wolfe, A. D., & dePamphilis, C. W. 2000. Independent and combined analyses of sequences from all three genomic compartments converge on the root of flowering plant phylogeny. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 97: 13166-13171.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2004], Lim, S.-H., Salleh, K. M., & Nais, K. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal the photosynthetic relatives of Rafflesia, the world's largest flower. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 101: 787-792.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2007], McNeal, J. R., Lim, S.-H., Coat, G., Croom, H. B., Young, N. D., & dePamphilis, C. W. 2007. Mitochondrial DNA suggests at least 11 origins of parasitism in angiosperms and reveals genomic chimerism in parasitic plants. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7: 248.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2008], Bendinksby, M., Lim, S.-H., Salleh, K. M., Nais, J., Madulid, D., & Schumacher, T. 2008. Accelerated rates of floral evolution at the upper size limit for flowers. Curr. Biol. 18: 1508-1513.

Barkman, T. J. [et al. 2017], Klooster, M. R., Gaddis, K. D., Franzone, B., Calhoun, S., Manickam, S., Vessabutr, S., Sasirat, S., & Davis. C. C. 2017. Reading between the vines: Hosts as islands for extreme holoparasitic plants. American J. Bot. 104: 1382-1389.

Barkworth, M. E. 2000. Changing perceptions of the Triticeae. Pp. 110-120, in Jacobs, S. W. L., & Everett, J. (eds), Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne.

Barkworth, M. E. [et al. 2008], Arriaga, M. O., Smith, J. F., Jacobs, S. W. L., Valdés-Reyna, J., & Bushman, B. S. 2008. Molecules and morphology in South American Stipeae (Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 33: 719-731.

Barlow, B. A. 1983. Biogeography of Loranthaceae and Viscaceae. Pp. 19-46, in Calder, M., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), The Biology of Misteltoes. Academic Press, Sydney.

Barlow, B. A. 1984. Loranthaceae. Pp. 68-131, in Flora of Australia. Volume 22. Rhizophoraceae to Celastrales. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Barlow, B. A. 1997. Loranthaceae. Pp. 209-401, in Kalkman C., et al. (eds.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 13. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.

Barlow, B. A., & Wiens, D. 1977. Host-parasite resemblance in Australian mistletoes: The case for cryptic mimicry. Evolution 31: 69-84.

Barlow, P. W. 1986. Adventitious roots of whole plants: Their forms, functions, and evolution. Pp. 67-110, in Jackson, M. B. (ed.), New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Barman, R. [et al. 2024], Bora, P. K., Saikia, J., Konwar, P., Sarkar, A., Kemprai, P., Saikia, S. P., Haldar, S., Slater, A., & Banik, D. 2024. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of pharmaceutically potential hallucinogenic metabolites in Myristicaceae, mechanistic convergence and co-evolutionary trends in plants and humans. Phytochem. 218:113928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113928.

Barnard-Kubow, K. B. [et al. 2014], Sloan, D. B., & Galloway, L. F. 2014. Correlation between sequence divergence and polymorphism reveals similar evolutionary mecahanisms acting across multiple timescales in a rapidly evolving plastid genome. BMC Evol. Biol. 14:268. doi: 10.1186/s12862-014-0268-y

Barnard-Kubow, K. B. [et al. 2016], McCoy, M. A., & Galloway, L. F. 2017 [= 2016]. Biparental chloroplast inheritance leads to rescue from cytonuclear incompatability. New Phytol. 213: 1466-1476.

Barneby, R. C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus. Part I. The Phacoid and Homaloloboid astragali. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 13: i-iii, 1-596, ibid., Part II. The Cerdidothrix, Hypoglottis, Piptoloboid, Trimeniaeus and Orophaca astragali. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 13: 597-1188.

Barneby, R. C. 1998. Silk tree, Guanacaste, monkey’s earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimoseae of the Americas. Part III. Calliandra. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(3): 1-223.

Barneby, R. C., & Grimes, J. W. 1997. Silk tree, Guanacaste, monkey’s earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimoseae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia and allies. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 1-292

Barneby, R. C., & Grimes, J. W. 1998. Silk tree, Guanacaste, monkey’s earring: A generic system for the synandrous Mimoseae of the Americas. Part II. Pithecellobium, Cojoba, and Zygia. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(2): 1-149.

Barnes, G. [et al. 2020], Saunders, D. G. O., & Williamson, T. 2020. Banishing barberry: The history of Berberis vulgaris prevalence and wheat stem rust incidence across Britain. Plant Pathol. 69: 1193-1202. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13231

Barnosky, A. D. 2008. Megafauna biomass tradeoff as a driver of Quaternary and future extinctions. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105(suppl. 1): 11543-11548.

Barny, L. A. [et al. 2021], Tasca, J. A., Sanchez, H. A., Smith, C. R., Koptur, S., Livshultz, T., & Minbiole, K. P. C. 2021. Chemotaxonomic inverstigation of Apocynaceae for retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids using HPLC-MS/MS. Phytochem.185:112662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112662

Bar-On, Y. M., & Milo, R. 2019. The global mass and average rate of rubisco. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 4738-4743.

Bar-On, Y. M. [et al. 2018], Phillips, R., & Milo, R. 2018. The biomass distribution on earth. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 115: 6506-6511.

Barone Lumaga, M. R. [et al. 2015], Coiro, M., Truernit, E., Erdei, B., & de Luca, P. 2015. Epidermal morphology in Dioon: Did volcanism constrain Dioon evolution? Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 236-254.

Baroux, C. [et al. 2002], Spillane, C., & Grossniklaus, U. 2002. Evolutionary origin of the endosperm in flowering plants. Genome Biol. 2002, 3(9): reviews 1026.1-1026.5.

Barow, M., & G. Jovtchev, G. 2007. Endopolyploidy in plants and its analysis by flow cytometry. Pp. 349-372, in Dolezel, J. Greilhuber, J., & Suda, J., Eds., Flow Cytometry with Plant Cells. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

Barrabé, L. [et al. 2012], Buerki, S., Mouly, A., Davis, A. P., Munzinger, J., & Maggia, L. 2012. Delimitation of the genus Margaritopsis (Rubiaceae) in the Asian, Australian and Pacific region, based on molecular phyliogenetic inference and morphology. Taxon 61: 1251-1268.

Barrabé, L. [et al. 2014], Maggia, L., Pillon, Y., Rigault, F., Mouly, A., Davis, A. P., & Buerki, S. 2014. New Caledonian lineages of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) reveal different evolutionary histories and the largest documented plant radiation for the archipelago. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 71: 15-35.

Barrabé, L. [et al. 2015], Karnadi-Abdelkader, G., Ounémoa, J., De Kok, R. P. J., Robert, N., & Gâteblé, G. 2015. Recircumscription of Oxera (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) to include Faradaya based on molecular and anatomical data. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 693-711. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12344

Barraclough, T. G. 2010. Evolving entities: Towards a unified framework for understanding diversity at the species and higher levels. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B, 365: 1801-1813.

Barraclough, T. G. 2019. The Evolutionary Biology of Species. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Barraclough, T. G., & Humphreys, A. M. 2015. The evolutionary reality of species and higher taxa in plants: A survey of post-modern opinion and evidence. New Phytol. 207: 291-296.

Barraclough, T. G., & Reeves, G. 2005. The causes of speciation in plant lineages: Species-level DNA trees in the African genus Protea. Pp. 31-46, in Bakker, F. T., Chatrou, L. W., Gravendeel, B., & Pelser, P. B. (eds), Plant Species-Level Systematics: New Perspectives on Pattern and Process. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggel, Liechtenstein. [Regnum Vegetabile vol. 143.]

Barraclough, T. G., & Savolainen, V. 2001. Evolutionary rates and species diversity in flowering plants. Evolution 55: 677-683.

Barraclough, T. G. [et al. 1996], Harvey, P. H., & Nee, S. 1996. Rate of rbcL gene sequence evolution and species diversification in flowering plants (angiosperms). Proc. Royal Soc. B, 263: 589-591.

Barraclough, T. G. [et al. 1998], Barclay, M. V. L., & Vogler, A. P. 1998. Species richness: Does flower power explain beetle-mania? Curr. Biol. 8: 843-845.

Barradas, M. M. 1973. Morfologia do fruto e da semente de Caryocar brasiliense (piqui) em várias fases de desenvolvimento. Revista Biol. 9: 69-84.

Barras, C. 2019. Does fossil site reveal dino-killing impact? Science 364: 10-11.

Barreda, V. [et al. 2010a], Palazzesi, L., Tellería, M. C., Katinas, L., & Crisci, J. V. 2010a. Fossil pollen indicates an explosive radiation of basal asteracean lineages and allied families during Oligocene and Miocene times in the Southern hemisphere. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 160: 102-110.

Barreda, V. [et al. 2010b], Palazzesi, L., Tellería, M. C., Katinas, L., Crisci, J. V., Bremer, K., Passala, M. G., Corsolini, R., Rodríguez Brizuela, R., & Bechis, F. 2010b. Eocene Patagonia fossils of the daisy family. Science 329: 1621.

Barreda, V. [et al. 2012a], Palazzesi, L., Katinas, L., Crisci, J. V., Tellería, M. C., Bremer, K., Passala, M. G., Bechis, F., & Corsolini, R. 2012a. An extinct Eocene taxon of the daisy family (Asteraceae): Evolutionary, ecological and biogeographical implications. Ann. Bot. 109: 127-134.

Barreda, V. D. [et al. 2012b], Cúneo, N. R., Wilf, P, Currano, E. D., Scasso,R. A., & Brinkhuis, H. 2012b. Cretaceous/Paleogene floral turnover in Patagonia: Drop in diversity, low extinction, and a Classopollis spike. PLoS ONE 7:e52455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052455

Barreda, V. [et al. 2015], Palazzesi, L., Tellería, M. C., Olivero, E. B., Raine, J. I., & Forest, F. 2015. Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 10989-10994. [See also Panero 2016; Barreda et al. 2016 - Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: E411, E412.]

Barreda, V. D. [et al. 2016], Palazzesi, L., Tellería, M. C., Olivero, E. B., Raine, J. I., & Forest, F. 2016. Robust phylogenetic placement of fossil pollen grains: The case of Asteraceae. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: E412.

Barreda, V. [et al. 2019], Palazzesi, L., & Olivero, E. B. 2019. When flowering plants ruled Antarctica: Evidence from Cretaceous pollen grains. New Phytol. 223: 1023-1030.

Barrera Zambrano V. A. [et al. 2014], Lawson T., Olmos E., Fernández-García N., & Borland A. M. 2014. Leaf anatomical traits which accommodate the facultative engagement of crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical trees of the genus Clusia. J Exper. Bot. 65: 3513-3523.

Barres, L. [et al. 2013], Sanmartín, I., Anderson, C. L., Susanna, A., Buerki, S., Galbany-Casals, M., & Vilatersana, R. 2012. Reconstructing the evolution and biogeographic history of tribe Cardueae (Compositae). American J. Bot. 100: 867-882.

Barreto, E. [et al. 2024], Boehm, M. M. A., Ogutcen, E., Abrahamczyk, S., Kessler, M., Bascompte, J., Dellinger, A. S., Bello, C., Dehling, D. M., Duchenne, F., Kaehler, M., Lagomarsino, L. P., Lohmann, L. G., Maglianesi, M. A., Morlon, H., Muchhala, N., Ornelas, J. F., Perret, M., Salinas, N. R., Smith, S. D., Vamosi, J. C., Varassin, I. G., & Graham, C. H. 2024. Macroevolution of the plant-hummingbird pollination system. Biol. Reviews https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13094

Barreto, L. C. [et al. 2013], Echtermacht, L., & Garcia, Q. S. 2013. Seed coat sculpture in Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae) and its implications on taxonomy and phylogenetics. Plant Syst. Evol. 299: 1461-1469.

Barreto, L. M. [et al. 2023], de Assis, R., & Vanzela, A. L. L. 2023. Chromosomal and genomic data in Neotropical Dorstenia species (Moraceae) and their relationships with African species. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 302: 76-92.

Barrett, C., & Davis, J. 2011. A phylogeny of the monocots, based on plastid genomes and additional genes of the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Pp. 288-289, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Barrett, C. F., & Davis, J. 2012. The plastid genome of the mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza striata (Orchidaceae) in the relatively early stages of degradation. American J. Bot. 99: 1513-1523.

Barrett, C. F., & Kennedy, A. H. 2018. Plastid genome degradation in the endangered, mycoheterotrophic, North American orchid Hexalectris warnockii. Genome Biol. Evol. 10: 1657-1662.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2010], Freudenstein, J. V., Taylor, D. L., & Kõljalg, U. 2010. Rangewide analysis of fungal associations in the fully mycoheterorophic Corallorhiza striata complex (Orchidaceae) reveals extreme specificity on ectomycorrhizal Tomentella (Thelephoraceae) across North America. American J. Bot. 97: 628-643.

Barrett, C. [et al. 2012a], Davis, J., Leebens-Mack, J., Stevenson, D., Conran, J., & Zomlefer, W. 2012a. Plastid genomes and deep relationships among the commelinid monocots. Pp. 199-200, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2012b], Davis, J. I., Leebens-Mack, J., Conran, J. G., & Stevenson, D. W. 2012b [= 2013]. Plastid genomes and deep relationships among the commelinid monocot angiosperms. Cladistics 29: 65-87.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2013], Specht, C. D., Leebens-Mack, J., Stevenson, D. W., Zomlefer, W. B., & Davis, J. I. 2014 [= 2013]. Resolving ancient radiations: Can complete plastid gene sets elucidate deep relationships among the tropical gingers (Zingiberales)? Ann. Bot. 113: 119-133.

Barrett, C. [et al. 2014a], Freudenstein, J., Li, J., Lim, G., Mayfield-Jones, D., Perez, L., Pires, J. C., & Davis, J. 2014a. Investigating the process of plastome degradation in an early-transitional mycoheterotrophic genus, Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). P. 305, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2014b], Freudenstein, J. V., Li, J., Lim, G., Mayfield-Jones, D. R., Perez, L., Pires, J. C., & Santos, C. 2014b. Investigating the path of plastid genome degradation in an early-transitional clade of heterotrophic orchids, and implications for heterotrophic angiosperms. Molec. Biol. Evol. 31: 3095-31112.

Barrett, C. [et al. 2015a], Baker, W., Comer, J., Conran, J., Lahmeyer, S. A., Leebens-Mack, J., Li, J., Lim, G., Mayfield-Jones, D., Medina, J., Perz, L., Pires, J. C., Santos, C., Stevenson, D., Zomlefer, W., & Davis, J. 2015a. Deep branch support and extensive variation in substitution rate in the commelinid monocots based on plastid genomes, with emphasis on the palms. Pp. 284-285, in Botany 2015. Science and Plants for People. Abstracts.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2015b], Baker, W. J., Comer, J. R., Conran, J. G., Lahmeyer, S. C., Leebens-Mack, J. H., Li, J., Lim, G. S., Mayfield-Jones, D. R., Perez, L., Medina, J., Pires, J. C., Santos, C., Stevenson, D. W., Zomlefer, W. B., & Davis, J. I. 2016 [= 2015b]. Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots. New Phytol. 209: 855-870. doi: 10.1111/nph.13617

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2018], Wicke, S., & Sass, C. 2018. Dense infraspecific sampling reveals rapid and independent trajectories of plastome degeneration in a heterotrophic orchid complex. New Phytol. 218: 1192-1204.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2019a], McKain, M. R., Sinn, B. T., Ge, X.-J., Zhang, Y., Antonelli, A., & Bacon, C. D. 2019a. Ancient polyploidy and genome evolution in plants. Genome Biol. Evol. 11: 1501-1511.

Barrett, C. F. [et al. 2019b], Sinn, B. T., & Kennedy, A. H. 2019b. Unprecedented parallel photosynthetic losses in a heterotrophic orchid genus. Molec. Biol. Evol. 36: 1884-1901.

Barrett, P. M. 2014. Paleobiology of herbivorous dinosaurs. Annual Review Earth Planet. Sci. 42: 207-230.

Barrett, P. M., & Willis, K. J. 2001. Did dinosaurs invent flowers? Biol. Review 76: 411-447.

Barrett, R. A. [et al. 2015], Bayly, M. J., Duretto, M. F., Forster, P. I., Ladiges, P. Y., & Cantrill, D. J. 2015. A chloroplast phylogeny of Zieria (Rutaceae) in Australia and New Caledonia shows widespread incongruence at the species level. Australian Syst. Bot. 27: 427-449.

Barrett, R. A. [et al. 2018], Bayly, M. J., Duretto, M. F., Forster, P. I., Ladiges, P. Y., & Cantrill, D. J. 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of Zieria (Rutaceae) in Australia and New Caledonia based on nuclear ribosomal DNA shows species polyphyly, divergent paralogues and incongruence with chloroplast DNA. Australian Syst. Bot. 31: 16-47.

Barrett, R. L. 2013. Ecological importance of sedges: A survey of the Australasian Cyperaceae genus Lepidosperma. Ann. Bot. 111: 499-529.

Barrett, R. L., & Dixon, K. W. 2001. A revision of the genus Calectasia (Calectasiaceae) with eight new species described from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 13: 411-448.

Barrett, R. L. [et al. 2017], Roalson, E. H., Ottewell, K., Byrne, M., Govindwar, S. P., Yadav, S. R., Tamboli, A. S. & Gholave, A. R. 2017. Resolving generic boundaries in Indian-Australasian Cleomaceae: Circumscription of Areocleome, Arivela, and Corynandra as distinct genera. Syst. Bot. 42: 694-708.

Barrett, R. L. [et al. 2020], Peterson, P. M., & Romaschenko, K. 2020. A molecular phylogeny of Eragrostis (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae): Making lovegrass monophyletic in Australia. Australian Syst. Bot. 33: 458-476.

Barrett, R. L. [et al. 2024], Clugston, J. A. R., Orthia, L. A., Cook, L. G., Crisp, M. D., Lepschi, b. J., Macfarlane, T. D., Weston, P. H., & Wilkins, C. F. 2024. East rarely meets West: A revised delimitation for Pultenaea (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae) with reinstatement of Euchilus and three new genera from south-west Western Australia. Australian Syst. Bot. 37:SB23029. doi:10.1071/SB23029

Barrett, S. C. H. 2013. The evolution of plant reproductive systems: How often are transitions irreversible? Proc. Royal Soc. B, 280: doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0913

Barrett, S. C. H., & Graham, S. W. 1997. Adaptive radiation in the aquatic plant family Pontederiaceae: Insights from phylogenetic analysis. Pp. 225-258, in Givnish, T. J. & Sytsma, K. J. (eds.), Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Barrett, S. C. H., & Shore, J. S. 2008. New insights on heterostyly: Comparative biology, ecology and genetics. Pp. 3-32, in Franklin-Tong, V. E. (ed.), Self Incompatability in Flowering Plants: Evolution, Diversity, and Mechanisms. Springer, Berlin.

Barrett, S. C. H. [et al. 2000], Wilken, D. H., & Cole, W. W. 2000. Heterostyly in the Lamiaceae: The case of Salvia brandegeei. Plant Syst. Evol. 223: 211-219.

Barrier, M. [et al. 1999], Baldwin, B. G., Robichaux, R. H., & Purugganan, M. D. 1999. Interspecific hybrid ancestry of a plant adaptive radiation. Allopolyploidy of the Hawaiian silversword alliance( Asteraceae) inferred from floral homeotic gene duplications. Molec. Biol. Evol. 16: 1105-1113.

Barrier, M. [et al. 2001], Robichaux, R. H., & Purugganan, M. D. 2001. Accelerated regulatory gene evolution in an adaptive radiation. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 98: 10208-10213.

Barriera, C. [et al. 2006], Savolainen, V., & Spichiger, R. 2006. Phellinaceae. Pp. 608-610, in Kadereit, J. W. & Jeffrey, C. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume VIII. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Asterales. Springer, Berlin.

Barringer, K. 2004. A revision of Gibsoniothamnus L. O. Williams (Schlegeliaceae). Brittonia 56: 213-237.

Barrington, D. S. 2020. The biogeography of polyploid ferns across space and time. American Fern J. 110: 233-254.

Barron, A. R. [et al. 2011], Purves, D. W., & Hedin, L. O. 2011. Facultative nitrogen fixation by canoopy legumes in a lowland tropical forest. Oecologia 165: 511-520.

Barrón, E. [et al. 2018], Averyanova, A., Kvacek, Z., Momohara, A., Pigg, K. B., Popova, S., Postigo-Mijarra, J. M., Tiffney, B. H., Utescher, T., & Zho, Z. K. 2017. The fossil history of Quercus. Pp 39-105, in Gil-Pelegrín, E., Peguero-Pina & Sancho-Knapik, D. (eds). 2017. Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. [Tree Physiology 7.] Springer, Cham.

Barros, J. [et al. 2016], Serrani-Yarce, J. C., Chen, F., Baxter, D., Venables, B. J., & Dixon, R. A. 2016. Role of bifunctional ammonia-lysase in grass cell wall biosynthesis. Nature Plants 2:16050. doi: 10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.50

Barroso, G. M. [et al. 1999], Morim, M. P., Peixoto, A. L., & Ichaso, C. L. F. 1999. Frutos e sementes: morfologia aplicada à systemática de dicotiledoneas. Editora UFV, Uiniversidade Federal de Viçosa.

Barth, F. 1896. Anatomie comparée de la tige et de la feuille des Trigoniacées et les Chailletiacées (Dichapétalées). Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 484-520.

Barth, F. G. 1985. Insects and Flowers: Biology of a Partnership. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Barth, O. M. [et al. 2005], da Luz, C. F. P., & Gomez-Klein, V. L. 2005. Pollen morphology of Brazilian spoecies of Cayaponia Silva Manso (Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbiteae). Grana 44: 129=136.

Barthélémy, D., & Caraglio, Y. 2007. Plant architecture: A dynamic, multilevel and comprehensive approach to plant form, structure and ontogeny. Ann. Bot. 99: 375-407.

Barthélémy, D. [et al. 1989], Edelin, C., & Hallé, F. 1989. Architectural concepts for tropical trees. Pp. 89-100, in Holm-Nielsen, L. B., Nielsen, I. C., & Balsev, H. (eds), Tropical Forests, Botanical Dynamics, Speciation and Diversity. Academic Press, London.

Barthelmess, A. 1935. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Blatstellung und Stelenbau unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Koniferen. Bot. Arch. 37: 207-260.

Barthlott, W. 1983. Biogeography and evolution in neo- and paleotropical Rhipsalinae (Cactaceae). Sonderb. Naturwiss Vereins Hamburg 7: 241-248. [in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), Dispersal and Distribution: An International Sympsoium. Paul Parey, Hamburg.]

Barthlott, W. 1994. Epicuticular wax ultrastructure and systematics. Pp. 75-86, in Behnke, H.-D., & Mabry, T. J. (eds.), Caryophyllales: Evolution and Systematics. Springer, Berlin.

Barthlott, W., & Ehler, N. 1977. Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie det Epidermis-Oberflächen von Spermatophyten. Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 19: 1-105.

Barthlott, W., & Fröhlich. D. 1983. Mikromorphologie und Orientierungsmuster epicuticularer Wachs-Kristalloide: Ein neues systematisches Merkmal bei Monokotylen. Plant Syst. Evol. 142: 171-185.

Barthlott, W., & Hunt, D. R. 1993. Cactaceae. Pp. 161-196, in Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin.

Barthlott, W., & Hunt, D. R. 2000. Seed-Diversity in the Cactaceae, Subfamily Cactoideae. [Succulent Plant Research, Vol. 5.] David Hunt, Privately Published.

Barthlott, W., & Porembski, S. 1996. Ecology and morphology of Blossfeldia liliputana (Cactaceae): A poikilohydric and almost astomate succulent. Bot. Acta 109: 161-166.

Barthlott, W., & Theisen, I. 1995. Epicuticular wax structure and classification of Ranunculiflorae. Pp. 39-45, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. (suppl.) 9.]

Barthlott, W., & Voit, G. 1979. Mikromorphologie der Samenscalen und Taxonomie der Cactaceae: ein raster-elektronenmikroskopischer Überblick. Plant Syst. Evol. 132: 205-229.

Barthlott, W., & Ziegler, B. 1981. Micromorphologie der Samenscalen als systmetisches Merkmal bei Orchideen. Ber. Deutschen Bot. Gesell. 94: 267-273.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 1996], Neinhuis, C., Jetter, R., Bourauel, T., & Riederer, M. 1996. Waterlily, poppy, or sycamore: On the systematic position of Nelumbo. Flora 191: 169-174.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 1998], Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I., & Wilhelmi, H. 1998. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 126: 237-260.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 2003], Theisen, I., Borsch, T., & Neinhuis, C. 2003. Epicuticular waxes and vascular plant systematics: Integrating micromorphological and chemical data. Pp. 189-206, in Stuessy, T. F., Mayer, V., & Hörandl, E. (eds), Deep Morphology: Toward a Renaissance of Morphology in Plant Systematics. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggell, Liechtenstein.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 2009], Szarzynski, J., Vlek, P., Lobin, W., & Korotkova, N. 2009. A torch in the rain forest: Thermogenesis of the titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum). Plant Biol. 11: 499-505.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 2014], Große-Veldmann, B., & Korotkova, N. 2014. Orchid Seed Diversity. A Scanning Electron Microscope Survey. Botanic Garden & Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. [Englera 32: 3-245.]

Barthlott, W. [et al. 2015a], Burstedde, K., Geffert, J. L., Ibisch, P. L., Korotkova, N., Miebcah, A., Raiqpoor, M. D., Stein, A., & Mutke, J., eds. 2015a. Biogeography and Bidiversity of Cacti. Schumannia 7.

Barthlott, W. [et al. 2015b], Burstedde, K., Geffert, J. L., Ibisch, P. L., Korotkova, N., Miebcah, A., Raiqpoor, M. D., Stein, A., & Mutke, J. 2015b. Distribution maps of Cactaceae. Schumannia 7: 82-197.

Bartholomew, B. M. [et al. 2021], Armstrong, K. E., Li, R., & Fritsch, P. W. 2021. Perrottetia taronensis B. M. Barthol. & K. Armstr., sp. nov. (Dipentodontaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan Province, China and northern Kachin State, Myanmar and a re-examination of the Asian and Australasian taxa of Perrottetia. PhytoKeys 183: 67-76.

Bartish, I. V., & Svenson, U. 2004. Elaeagnaceae. Pp. 131-134, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VI. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin.

Bartish, I. V. [et al. 2005], Swenson, U., Munzinger, J., & Anderberg, A. A. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships among New Caledonian Sapotaceae (Ericales): Molecular evidence for generic polyphyly and repeated dispersal. American J. Bot. 92: 667-673.

Bartish, I. V. [et al. 2010], Antonelli, A., Richardson, J. E., & Swenson, U. 2011 [= 2010]. Vicariance or long-distance dispersal: Historical biogeography of the pantropical subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae). J. Biogeog. 38: 177-190.

Bartish, I. V. [et al. 2012], Aïnouche, A., Jia, D., Bergstrom, D. M., Chown, S. L., Winkworth, R. C., & Hennion, F. 2012. Phylogeny and colonization history of Pringlea antiscorbutica (Brassicaceae), an emblematic endemic from the South Indian Ocean Province. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 65: 748-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.023

Bartlett, M., & Specht, C. 2009. CYCLOIDEA-like genes and the evolution of floral symmetry in the Zingiberales. P. 89, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Bartlett, M., & Specht, C. 2010. Evidence for the involvement of GLOBOSA-like gene duplications and expression divergence in the evolution of floral morphology in the Zingiberales. New Phytol. 187: 521-541.

Bartlett, M., & Specht, C. 2011. Changes in the expression pattern of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1-like genes in the Zingiberales provide a mechanism for evolutionary shifts in symmetry across the order. American J. Bot. 98: 227-243.

Bartlett, M. E. [et al. 2015], Williams, S. K., Taylor, Z., Deblasio, S., Goldshmidt, A., Hall, D. H., Schmidt, R. J., Jackson, D. P., & Whipple, C. J. 2015. The maize PI/GLO ortholog Zmm16/sterile tassel silky ear1 interacts with the zygomorphy and sex determination pathways in flower development. Plant Cell 27: 3081-3098.

Bartlett, M. [et al. 2016], Thompson, B., Brabazon, H., del Gizzi, R., Zhang, T., & Whipple, C. 2016. Evolutionary dynamics of floral homeotic transcription factor protein—protein interactions. Molec. Biol. Evol. 33: 1486-1501.

Barua, M. 2011. Mobilizing metaphors: The popular use of keystone, flagship and umbrella species concepts. Biodivers. Conserv. 20: 1427-1440.

Basak, R. K., & Subramanyam, K. 1966. Pollen grains of some species of Nepenthes. Phytomorph. 16: 334-338.

Basak, S. [et al. 2023], Sarkar, B., Maity, D., Das, A. P., & Bera, S. 2023. Some known porate pollen germinal apertures are actually pororate: Observation based on a study from eastern Himalaya. Flora 305:152333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2023.152333

Bascompte, J., & Jordano, P. 2007. Plant-animal mutualistic networks: The architecture of biodiversity. Annual Review Ecol. Evol. Syst. 38: 567-593.

Bascompte, J. [et al. 2003], Jordano, P., Melian, C. J., & Olesen, J. M. 2003. The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 100: 9383-9387.

Basinger, J. F., & Christophel, D. C. 1985. Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia. Canadian J. Bot. 63: 1825-1843.

Basinger, J. F., & Dilcher, D. L. 1984. Ancient bisexual flowers. Science 224: 511-513.

Basinger, J. F. [et al. 2007], Greenwood, D. R., Wilson, P. G., & Christophel, D. C. 2007. Fossil flowers and fruits of capsular Myrtaceae from the Eocene of South Australia. Canadian J. Bot. 85: 204-215.

Baskaran, P. [et al. 2016], Hyvönen, R., Berglund, S. L., Clemmensen, K. E., Ågren, G. I., Lindahl, B. D., & Manzoni, S. 2017 [= 2016]. Modelling the influence of ectomycorrhizal decomposition on plant nutrition and soil carbon sequestration in boreal forest ecosystems. New Phytol. 213: 1452-1465. doi: 10.1111/nph.14213

Baskin, J. M., & Baskin, C. C. 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 14: 1-16.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2007a. A revision of Martin's seed classification system, with particular reference to his dwarf-seed type. Seed Sci. Res. 17: 11-20.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2007b. Nymphaeaceae: A basal angiosperm family (ANITA grade) with a fully developed embryo. Seed Sci. Res. 17: 293-296.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Ed. 2. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2018. Resolving the puzzle of Martin's broad embryo: A solution based on morphology, taxonomy and phylogeny. Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 34: 61-67.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2019. Martin's peripheral embryo - unique but not a phylogenetic 'orphan' at the base of his family tree: A tribute to the insight of a pioneer seed biologist. Seed Sci. Res. 29: 1-12.

Baskin, C. C., & Baskin, J. M. 2021a. Relationship of the lateral embryo (in grasses) to other monocot embryos: A status up-grade. Seed Sci. Res. 31: 199-210.

Baskin, J. M., & Baskin C. C. 2022 [= 2021b]. Germination and seed/embryo size in holoparasitic flowering plants with "dust seeds" and an undifferentiated embryo. Bot. Review 88: 1-49.

Baskin, J. M. [et al. 2000], Baskin C. C., & Li, X. 2000. Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy in seeds. Plant Species Biol. 15: 139-152.

Basnett, S. [et al. 2019], Ganesan, R., & Devy, S. M. 2019. Floral traits determine pollinator visitation in Rhododendron species across an elevation gradient in the Sikkim Himalaya. Alp. Bot. 129: 81-94. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00035-019-00225-3

Basnett, S. [et al. 2020], Shivaprakash, K. N., Hart, R., & Devy, S. 2020. Pollinator mediated facilitation and competition determines assembly of Himalayan rhododendrons. Authorea doi: 10.22541/au.159524845.59554988

Basso-Alves, J. P., & Texeira, S. P. 2022. A comparative approach to floral ontogeny in Melastomataceae. Pp. 467-490, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A. & Almeda, F. 2022 (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Basso-Alves, J. P. [et al. 2014], Pereira, R. A. S., Peng, Y.-Q., & Texeira, S. P. 2014. Different ontogenetic processes promote dicliny in Ficus L. (Moraceae). Acta Oecol. 57: 5-16.

Basso-Alves, J. P. [et al. 2017a], Goldenberg, R., & Texeira, S. P. 2017a. The ontogenetic bases for variation in ovary position in Melastomataceae. American J. Bot. 104: 1142-1156.

Basso-Alves, J. P. [et al. 2017b], Goldenberg, R., & Texeira, S. P. 2017b. Ontogeny elucidates the double calyx of Leandra melastomoides (Miconieae, Melastomataceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 178: 740-752.

Basso-Alves, J. P. [et al. 2022a],, da Silva, R. F., Coimbra, G., Leitão, S. G., de Rezende, C. M., Bizzo, H. R., Freitas, L., Paulino, J. V., & Mansano, V. de F. 2022a. Heteromorphic stamens are differentially attractive in Swartzia (Fabaceae). AoB PLANTS 14:plac041. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plac0411

Basso-Alves, J. P. [et al. 2022b], Goldenberg, R., & Texeira, S. P. 2022b. Connective modifications and origin of stamen diversity in Melastomataceae. J. Plant Research 135: 659-680. doi: 10.1007/s10265-022-01405-9

Bastias, D. A. [et al. 2017], Martínez-Ghersa, M. A., Ballaré, C. L., & Gundel, P. E. 2017. Epichloë fungal endophytes and plant defenses: Not just alkaloids. Trends Plant Sci. 22: 939-946.

Bastida, J. M. [et al. 2010], Alcántara, J. M., Rey, P. J., Vargas, P., & Herrera, C. M. 2010. Extended phylogeny of Aquilegia: The biogeographical and ecological patterns of two simultaneous but contrasting radiations. Plant Syst. Evol. 284: 171-185.

Bastide, J., & Viladomat, F. 2002. Alkaloids of Narcissus. Pp. 141-214, in Hanks, G. R. (ed.), Narcissus and Daffodil. Taylor & Francis, London.

Bastin J. F. [et al. 2015], Barbier N., Réjou-Méchain M., Fayolle, A., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Maniatis D., de Haulleville T., Baya F., Beeckman H., Beina D., Couteron P., Chuyong G., Dauby G., Doucet, V. Droissart J. L., Dufrêne, M., Ewango, C., Gillet, J. F., Gonmadje, C. H., Hart, T., Kavali, T., Kenfack, D., Libalah, M., Malhi, Y., Makana, J. R., Pélissier, R., Ploton, P., Serckx, A., Sonké, B., Stevart, T., Thomas, D. W., De Cannière, C., & Bogaert J. 2015. Seeing Central African forests through their largest trees. Sci Reports 5: 13156. doi: 10.1038/srep13156

Bastos, C. L. [et al. 2016], Tamaio, N., & Angyalossy, V. 2016. Unravelling roots of lianas: A case study in Sapindaceae. Ann. Bot. 118: 733-746.

Bastos, J. K. [et al. 1999], Kaplan, M. A. C., & Gottleib, O. R. 1999. Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids as chemosystematic markers of Canellaceae. J. Brazilian Chem. Soc. 10: 136-139.

Batashev, D. R. [et al. 2013], Pakhomova, M. V., Razumovskaya, A. V., Voitsekhovskaja, & Gamalei, Y. V. 2013. Cytology of the minor-vein phloem in 320 species from the subclass Asteridae suggests a high diversity of phloem-loading modes. Front. Plant Sci. 4:312. doi: 10:3389/fpls.2013.00312

Bateman, R. M. 2001. Evolution and classification of European orchids: Insights from molecular and morphological characters. J. Europäischer Orchid. 33: 33-119.

Bateman, R. M. 2009. Evolutionary classification of European orchids: The crucial importance of maximising explicit evidence and minimising authoritarian speculation. J. Europäischer Orchid. 41: 243-318.

Bateman, R. M. 2012. Circumscribing genera in the European orchid flora: A subjective critique of recent contributions. Ber. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orchid. Beih. 8: 94-126.

Bateman, R. M. 2020. Hunting the Snark: The flawed search for mythical Jurassic angiosperms. J. Experim. Bot. 71: 22-35.

Bateman, R. M., & DiMichele, W. A. 1994. Heterospory: The most iterative key innovation in the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom. Biol. Rev. 69: 345-417.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 1997], Pridgeon, A. M., & Chase, M. W. 1997. Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. Lindleyana 12: 113-141.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 1998], Crane, P. R., DiMichele, W. A., Kenrick, P. R., Rowe, N. P., Speck, T., & Stein, W. E. 1998. Early evolution of land plants: Phylogeny, physiology, and ecology of the primary terrestrial radiation. Annual Review Ecol. Syst. 29: 263-292.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2003], Hollingsworth, P. M., Preston, J., Luo, Y.-B., Pridgeon, A. M., & Chase, M. W. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution in Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 142: 1-40.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2006a], Devey, D., Fay, M. F., Hawkins, J. A., Malmgren, S., & Rudall, P. J. 2006a. Conflicting species concepts in the controversial insect-mimicking Mediterranean orchid genus Ophrys. Pp. 206-207, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2006b], Hilton, J., & Rudall, P. J. 2006b. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic context of the angiosperms: Contrasting the 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches used to infer the likely characteristics of the first flowers. J. Experim. Bot. 57: 3471-3503

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2009], James, K. E., Luo, Y.-B., Lauri, R. K., Fulcher, T., Cribb, P. J., & Chase, M. W. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera. Ann. Bot. 104: 431-445.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2011a], Bradshaw, E., Devey, D. S., Glover, B. J., Malmgren, S., Sramkó, G., Thomas, M. M., & Rudall, P. J. 2011a. Species arguments: Clarifying competing concepts of species delimitation in the pseudo-copulatory orchid genus Ophrys. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 165: 336-347.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2011b], Hilton, J., & Rudall, P. J. 2011b. Spatial separation and developmental divergence of male and female reproductive units in gymnosperms, and their relevance to the origin of the angiosperm flower. Pp. 8-48, in Wanntorp, L., & Ronse de Craene, L. P. (eds), Flowers on the Tree of Life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 80.]

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2013], Rudall, P. J., Hawkins, J. A., & Sramkó, G. 2013. Himantoglossum hircinum (Lizard Orchid) reviewed in the light of new morphological and molecular observations. New J. Bot. 3: 122-140.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2018a], Sramkó, G., & Paun, O. 2018a. Integrating restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) with morphological cladistic analysis clarifies evolutionary relationships among major species groups of bee orchids. Ann. Bot. 121: 85-105.

Bateman, R. M. [et al. 2018b], Murphy, A. R. M., Hollingsworth, P. M, Hart, M. L., Denholm, I., & Rudall, P. J. 2018b. Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of the digitate-tubered clade within subtribe Orchidinae s.s. (Orchidaceae: Orchideae). Kew Bull. 73:54. doi: 10.1007/S1225-018-9782-1

Bates, D. M. [et al. 1990], Robinson, W. R., & Jeffrey, C. (eds). 1990. Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Comstock Publishing, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Bate-Smith, E. C. 1962. The phenolic constitutents of plants and their taxonomic significance. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 58: 95-173.

Bate-Smith, E. C. 1965. Investigation of the chemistry and taxonomy of sub-tribe Quillajeae of the Rosaceae using comparisons of fresh and herbarium material. Phytochem. 4: 535-539.

Bate-Smith, E. C. 1973. Chemotaxonomy of Geranium. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 67: 347-359.

Bate-Smith, E. C. 1984. Age and distribution of galloyl esters, iridoids and certain other repellents in plants. Phytochem. 23: 945-950.

Bate-Smith, E. C., & Metcalfe, C. R. 1957. Leuco-anthocyanins. 3. The nature and systematic distribution of tannins in dicotyledonous plants. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 55: 669-705.

Bate-Smith, E. C. [et al. 1975], Ferguson, I. K., Hutson, K., Jensen, S. R., Nielsen, B. J., & Swain, T. 1975. Phytochemical interrelationships in the Cornaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 3: 79-89.

Bather, F. A. 1927. Biological classifications: Past and future. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. 83: lxiii-civ.

Báthori, M. [et al. 1987], Máthé, I., Jr., Solymosi, P., & Szendrei, K. 1987. Phytoecdysteroids in some species of Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Acta Bot. Hungarica 33: 377-385.

Batista, J. A. N. [2011a], Bianchetti, L. de B., González-Tamayo, R., Figueroa,X. M. C., & Cribb, P. J. 2011a. A Synopsis of New World Habenaria (Orchidaceae) I. Harvard Papers Bot. 16: 1-47. Ibid., 2011b. II. Harvard Papers Bot. 16: 233-273.

Batista, M. E. P. [et al. 2021], Loiola, M. I. B., Soares, A. A., Mastroberti, A. A., Sá, A. S., Nascimento Jr., D. R., Filho, W. F. S., & Kunzmann, K. 2022 [= 2021]. New insights into the evolution of mucilage cells in Araucariaceae: Araucaria violetae sp. nov. from the early Cretaceous Araripe Basin (Northeast Brazil). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 183: 43-.

Batista, M. F. [et al. 2015], Santos, L. da S., Muller, R. H., & de Souza, L. A. 2015. Seed characters and their usefulness in the separation of Asteraceae species. Acta Scient., Biol. Sci. 37: 505-509.

Batstone, R. T. 2022 [= 2021]. Genomes within genomes: Nested symbiosis and its implications for plant evolution. New Phytol. 234: 28-34.

Battaglia, E. 1971. The embryo sac of Podostemaceae - an interpretation. Caryologia 24: 403-420.

Batten, D. J. 1981. Stratigraphic, palaeogeographic and evolutionary significance of Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Normapolles pollen. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 35: 125-137.

Batten, D. J. 1989. Systematic relationships between Normapolles pollen and the Hamamelidae. Pp. 9-21, in Crane, P. R., & Blackmore, S. (eds), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, 2 vols. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Batterman, S. A. [et al. 2013], Hedin, L. O., van Bruegel, M., Ransijn, J., Craven, D. J., & Hall, J. S. 2013. Key role of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in tropical forest secondary succession. Nature 502: 224-227.

Batista, J. A. [et al. 2013], Borges, K. S., de Faria, M. W. F., Proite, K., Ramalho, A. J., Salazar, G. A., & van den Berg, C. 2013. Molecular phylogenetics of the species-rich genus Habenaria (Orchidaceae) in the New World based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 67: 95-109.

Battenberg, K. [et al. 2018], Potter, D., Tabuloc, C. A., Chiu, J. C., & Berry, A. M. 2018. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of two actinorhizal plants and the legume Medicago truncatula supports the homology of root nodule symbioses and is congruent with a two-step process of evolution in the Nitrogen-Fixing Clade of angiosperms. Front. Plant Sci. 9:1256. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01256

Batygina, T. B. et al. (eds.). 1985. Comparative Embryology of Flowering Plants: Brunelliaceae-Tremellaceae. NAUKA, Leningrad. [In Russian.]

Batygina, T. B. 1987a. Comparative Embryology of Flowering Plants: Davidiaceae-Asteraceae. NAUKA, Leningrad. [In Russian.]

Batygina, T. B. 1987b. The Grain of Cereals: Atlas. NAUKA, Leningrad. [In Russian.]

Batygina, T. B. 1990. Comparative Embryology of Flowering Plants: Butomaceae-Lemnaceae. NAUKA, Leningrad. [In Russian.]

Batygina, T. B. (ed.) 2002. Embryology of Flowering Plants, Terminology and Concepts. Volume 1. Generative Organs of Flower. Science Publishers, Enfield (NH).

Batygina, T. B. (ed.) 2006. Embryology of Flowering Plants, Terminology and Concepts. Volume 2. Seed. Science Publishers, Enfield (NH).

Batygina, T. B. (ed.) 2009. Embryology of Flowering Plants, Terminology and Concepts. Volume 3. Reroductive Systems. Science Publishers, Enfield (NH).

Bauch, J. W. [et al. 1971], Liese, W., & Schultze, R. 1971. The morphological variability of the bordered pit membranes in gymnosperms. Wood Sci. Technol. 6: 165-184.

Baucher, M. [et al. 2007], El Jaziri, M., & Vandeputte, O. 2007. From primary to secondary growth: Origin and development of the vascular system. J. Experim. Bot. 58: 3485-3501.

Baude, M. [et al. 2016], Kunin, W. E., Boatman, N. D., Conyers, S., Davies, N., Gillespie, M. A. K., Morton, R. D., Smart, S. M., & Memmot, J. 2016. Historical nectar assessment reveals the fall and rise of floral resources in Britain. Nature 530: 85-88.

Bauer, E. 1909. Das Wesen und die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse der "Varietates albomarginatae Hort" von Pelargonium zonale. Zeitschr. Induk. Abstamm. Vereber. 1: 330-351.

Bauer, G. [et al. 2014], Gorb, S. N., Klein, M.-C., Nellesen, A., von Tapavicza, M., & Speck T. 2014. Comparative study on plant latex particles and latex coagulation in Ficus benjamina, Campanula glomerata and three Euphorbia species. PLoS ONE 9(11):e113336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113336

Bauer, R. [et al. 2015], Garnica, S., Oberwinkler, F., Riess, K., Weiß, M., & Begerow, D. 2015. Entorrhizomycota: A new fungal phylum reveals new perspectives on the evolution of fungi. PLoS ONE 10(7):e0128183. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128183

Bauer, U. [et al. 2008], Bohn, H. F. & Federle, W. 2008. Harmless nectar source or deadly trap: Nepenthes pitchers are activated by rain, condensation and nectar. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 275: 259-265.

Bauer, U. [et al. 2015], Paulin, M., Robert, D., & Sutton, G. P. 2015. Mechanism for rapid passive-dynamic prey capture in a pitcher plant. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 13384-13389.

Baum, B. R. [et al. 2009], Edwards, T., & Johnson, D. A. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships among diploid Aegilops species inferred from 5S rDNA units. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 53: 34-44.

Baum, D. A. 2019. Plant parts: Processes, structures, or functions? Gard. Bull. Singapore 71(Suppl. 2): 225-256. doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-19

Baum, D. A., & Donoghue, M. J. 2002. Transference of function, heterotopy and the evoution of plant development. Pp. 52-69, in Cronk, Q. C. B., Bateman, R. M., & Hawkins, J. A. (eds), Developmental Genetics and Plant Evolution. Taylor & Francis, London.

Baum, D. A., & Hileman, L. C. 2006. A developmental genetic model for the origin of the flower. Pp. 3-27, in Ainsworth, C. (ed.), Flowering and its Manipulation. Blackwell, Oxford. [Annual Plant Reviews 20.]

Baum, D. A., & Smith, S. D. 2012. Tree Thinking. An Introduction to Phylogenetic Biology. Roberts & Co., Greenwood Village, Co.

Baum, D. A. [et al. 1998a], Small, R. L., & Wendel, J. F. 1998a. Biogeography and floral evolution of baobabs (Adansonia, Bombacaceae) as inferred from multiple data sets. Syst. Biol. 47: 181-207.

Baum, D. A. [et al. 1998b], Alverson, W. S., & Nyffeler, R. N. 1998b. A durian by any other name: Taxonomy and nomenclature of the core Malvales. Harvard Papers Bot. 3: 317-332.

Baum, D. A. [et al. 2002], Yen, A., Whitlock, B. A., Alverson, W. S., Nyffeler, R., Smith, S. D., & Oldham, R. L. 2002. Mode, locus and tempo of evolution in Malvoideae and Bombacoideae (Malvaceae s.l.): Evidence from multiple DNA sequences. P. 114, in Botany 2002: Botany in the Curriculum, Abstracts. [Madison, Wisconsin.]

Baum, D. A. [et al. 2004], Smith, S. D., Yen, A., Alverson, W. S., Nyffeler, R., Whitlock, B. A., & Oldham, R. L. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Malvatheca (Bombacoideae and Malvoideae; Malvaceae sensu lato) as inferred from plastid DNA sequences. American J. Bot. 91: 1863-1871.

Baum, H. 1951. Unifaziale und subunifaziale Strukturen im Bereich der Blütenhülle und ihre Verwendbarkeit fü die Homologisierung der Kelch- und Kronblätte. Oesterreichische Bot. Zeit. 97: 1-43

Baum, H. 1951a. Vorläuferspitze im Blütenbereich. Oesterreichische Bot. Zeit. 98: 280-291.

Baum, H. 1951b. Die Frucht von Ochna multiflora, ein Fall ökologischer Apokarpie. Oesterreichische Bot. Zeit. 98: 383-394.

Baum, H., & Leinfellner, W. 1953. Die ontogenetischen Abänderungen des diplophyllen Grundbaues der Staubblätter. Oesterreichische Bot. Zeit. 99: 91-135.

Baumann, M. G. 1946. Myodocarpus und die Phylogenie der Umbelliferen-Frucht. Umbellifloren-Studien I. Ber. Schweizerischen Bot. Gesell. 56: 13-111, pl. 1-6.

Baumann-Bodenheim, M. G. 1954. Prinzipien eines Fruchtsystems der Angiospermen. Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse 64: 94-112.

Baumgratz, J. F. A. 1983-1985 [= 1988]. Morfologia dos frutos e sementes de Melastomataceas Brasilieras. Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 27: 113-155.

Baumgratz, J. F. A. 1990. O gênero Bertolonia Raddi (Melastomataceae): revisão taxonômica e considerações anatômicas. Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 30: 69-213.

Baumgratz, J. F. A. [et al. 1996], Souza, M. L. D. R., Woodgyer, E. M., & Nic Lughadha, E. M. 1996. Polysporangiate anthers described for the first time in Melastomataceae. Kew Bull. 51: 133-144.

Baur, E. 1909. Das Wesen und die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse dre "Varietates albomarginatae hort." von Pelargonium zonale. Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungs. 1: 330-351.

Bauret, L. [et al. 2017], Gaudeul, M., Sundue, M. A., Parris, B. S., Ranker, T. A., Rakotondrainibe, F., Hennequin, S., Ranaivo, J., Selosse, M.-A., & Rouhan, G. 2017. Madagascar sheds new light on the molecular systematics and biogeography of grammitid ferns: New unexpected lineages and numerous long-distance dispersal events. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 111: 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.005

Bausher, M. G. [et al. 2006], Singh, N. D., Lee, S.-B., Jansen, R. K., & Daniell, H. 2006. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. 'Ridge Pineapple': Organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms. BMC Plant Biol. 6: 21.

Bauters, K. [et al. 2014], Larridon, I., Reynders, M., Asselman, P., Vrijdaghs, A., Muasya, A. M., Simpson, D. A., & Goetghebeur, P. 2014. A new classification of Liphocarpa and Volkiella as infrageneric taxa of Cyperus s.l. (Cypereae, Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae): Insights from species tree reconstruction supplemented with morphological and floral developmental data. Phytotaxa 166: 1-32.

Bauters, K. [et al. 2106], Asselman, P., Simpson, D. A., Muasya, A. M., Goetghebeur, P., & Larridon, I. 2016. Phylogenetics, ancestral state reconstruction, and a new infrageneric classification of Scleria (Cyperaceae) based on three DNA markers. Taxon 65: 444-466.

Bauwe, H. 2011. Photorespiration - the bridge to C4 photosynthesis. Pp. 81-108, in Raghavendra, A. S., & Sage, R. F. (eds), C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentration Mechanisms. Springer. [Adv Photosyn. Resp. Vol. 32.]

Bawa, S. B. 1969. Embryological studies on the Haloragidaceae III. Myriophyllum intermedium DC.. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 45: 447-464.

Bawa, B. 1970. Theaceae, Haloragaceae. Indian National Sci. Acad. Bull. [Symposium: Comparative Embryology of Angiosperms] 41: 75-77, 226-229.

Bawa, K. S. 1980. Mimicry of male by female flowers and intrasexual competition for pollinators in Jacaratia dolichaula (D. Smith) Woodson (Caricaceae). Evolution 34: 467-474.

Bawa, K. S. 1990. Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical rain forests. Ann. Review Ecol. Syst. 21: 399-422.

Bawa, K. 2016. Kin selection and the evolution of plant reproductive traits. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 283:20160789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0789

Bawa, K. S. [et al. 2018], Ingty, T., Revell, L.J., & Shivaprakash, K. N. 2018. Correlated evolution of flower size and seed number in flowering plants (monocotyledons). Ann. Bot. 121: 181-190.

Bay, G. [et al. 2013], Nahar, N., Oubre, M., Whitehouse, M. J., Wardle, D. A., Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., & Rasmussen, U. 2013. Boreal feather mosses secrete chemical signals to gain nitrogen. New Phytol. 200: 54-60.

Bayat, S. [et al. 2018], Schranz, M. E., Roalson, E. H., & Hall, J. C. 2018. Lessons from Cleomaceae, the sister of crucifers. Trends Plant Sci. 23: 808-821.

Bayer, B. 2009. [On Haworthia.] Haworthia suppl. 1-40.

Bayer, C. 1994. Zur Inflorescenzmorphologie der Malvales. J. Cramer, Berlin. [Dissert. Bot. 212.]

Bayer, C. 1999. The bicolor unit - homology and transformation of an inflorescence structure unique to core Malvales. Plant Syst. Evol. 214: 187-198.

Bayer, C. 2002. Diegodendraceae, pp. 175-177, Muntingiaceae, pp. 315-319, Neuradaceae, pp. 325-328, Sarcolaenaceae, pp. 345-352, and Sphaerosepalaceae, pp. 359-362, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-Betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C. 2004. Dirachmaceae. Pp. 122-124, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VI. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C. 2006. Huaceae, pp. 191-193, and Peridiscaceae, pp. 297-300, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume IX. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales.... Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C., & Appel, O. 1996. Occurrence and taxonomic significance of ruminate endosperm. Bot. Review 62: 301-310.

Bayer, C., & Appel, O. 1998. Joinvilleaceae. Pp. 249-251, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C., & Appel, O. 2002. Akaniaceae, pp. 21-24, Bataceae, pp. 30-32, Limnanthaceae, pp. 220-224, Pentadiplandraceae, pp. 329-331, and Tropaeolaceae, pp. 400-404, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C., & Dressler, S. 2013. Addition to Peridiscaceae. Pp. 323-324, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Flowering Plants. XI. Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Malpighiales. Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C., & Kubitzki, K. 2002. Malvaceae, pp. 225-311, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. V. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C. [et al. 1998a], Kubitzki, K., & Rudall, P. J. 1998a. Asteliaceae. Pp. 141-145, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. III. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C. [et al. 1998b], Kubitzki, K., & Rudall, P. J. 1998b. Hanguanaceae. Pp. 223-225, Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, C. [et al. 1998c], Chase, M. W., & Fay, M. F. 1998c. Muntingiaceae, a new family of dicotyledons with Malvalean affinities. Taxon 47: 37-42.

Bayer, C. [et al. 1999], Fay, M. F., de Bruijn, A. Y., Savolainen, V., Morton, C. M., Kubitzki, K., & Chase, M. W. 1999. Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: A combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 129: 267-303.

Bayer, E. 1998. Alstroemeriaceae. Pp. 79-82, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. III. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Bayer, R. J. [et al. 1996], Hufford, L., & Soltis, D. E. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships in Sarraceniaceae based on rbcL and ITS sequences. Syst. Bot. 21: 121-134.

Bayer, R. J. [et al. 2000], Puttock, C. F., & Kelchner, S. A. 2000. Phylogeny of South African Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) based on two noncoding chloroplast sequences. American J. Bot. 87: 259-272.

Bayer, R. J. [et al. 2009], Mabberley, D. J., Morton, C., Miller, C. H., Sharma, I. K., Pfeil, B. E., Rich, S., Hitchcock, R., & Syskes, S. 2009. A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. American J. Bot. 96: 668-685.

Baylis, G. T. S. 1975. The magnolioid mycorrhiza and mycotrophy in root systems derived from it. Pp. 373-389, in Sanders, F. E., Mosse, B., & Tinker, P. B. (eds). Endomycorrhizas: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Leeds, 22-25 July 1974. Academic Press, London.

Bayly, M. J. [et al. 2013a], Rigault, P., Spokevicius, A., Ladiges, P. Y., Ades, P. K., Anderson, C., Bossinger, G., Merchant, A., Udovicic, F., Woodrow, I. E., & Tibbits, J. 2013a. Chloroplast genome analysis of Australian eucalypts - Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Allosyncarpia and Stockwellia (Myrtaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 69: 704-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.006.

Bayly, M. J. [et al. 2013b], Holmes, G. D., Forster, P. I., Cantrill, D. J., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2013b. Major clades of Australian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS ONE 8(8):e72493. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072493

Bayly, M. J. [et al. 2015], Duretto, M. F., Holmes, G. D., Forster, P. I., Cantrill, D. J., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2015. Transfer of the New Caledonian genus Boronella to Boronia (Rutaceae) based on analyses of cpDNA and nrDNA. Australian Syst. Bot. 28: 111-123.

Bayman, P., & Otero, J. T. 2006. Microbial endophytes of orchid roots. Pp. 153-177, in Schulz, B., Boyle, C., & Sieber, T. N. (eds), Microbial Root Endophytes, Soil Biology, vol. 9, part 2. Springer, Berlin.

Bayman, P. [et al. 2016], Mosquera-Espinosa, A. T., Saladini-Aponte, C. M., Hurtado-Guevara, N. C., & Viera-Ruiz, N. L. 2016. Age-dependent mycorrhizal specificty in an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata. American J. Bot. 103: 1880-1889.

Baynes, M. A. [et al. 2012], Russell, D. M., Newcombe, G., Carta, L. K., Rossman, A. Y., & Ismaiel, A. 2012. A mutualistic interaction between a fungivorous nematode and a fungus within the endophytic community of Bromus tectorum. Fungal Ecol. 5: 610-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2012.03.004

Bay-Smidt, M. G. K. [et al. 2011], Jäger, A. K., Krydsfeldt, K., Meerow, A. W., Stafford, G. I., van Staden, J., & Rønsted, N. 2011. Phylogenetic selection of target species in Amaryllidaceae tribe Haemantheae for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and affinity to serotonin reuptake transport protein. South African J. Bot. 77: 175-183.

Bazile, V. [et al. 2012], Moran, J. A., Le Moguédec, G., Marshall, D. J., & Gaume, L. 2012. A carnivorous plant fed by its ant symbiont: A unique multi-faceted nutritional mutualism. PLoS ONE 7(5):e36179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036179

Beard, J. S. 1946. The mora forests of Trinidad, British West Indies. J. Ecol. 33: 173-192.

Beardsell, D. V. [et al. 1993], O'Brien, S. P., Williams, E. G., Knox, R. B., & Calder, M. 1993. Reproductive biology of Australian Myrtaceae. Australian J. Bot. 41: 511-526.

Beardsley, P. M., & Barker, W. R. 2005. Patterns of evolution in Australian Mimulus and related genera (Phrymaceae [or] Scrophulariaceae): A molecular phylogeny using chloroplast and nuclear sequence data. Australian Syst. Bot. 18: 61-73.

Beardsley, P. M., & Olmstead, R. G. 2000. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Mimulus and tribe Mimuleae (Lamiales). American J. Bot. 87(6, suppl.): 113.

Beardsley, P. M., & Olmstead, R. G. 2002. Redefining Phrymaceae: The placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma. American J. Bot. 89: 1093-1102.

Beardsley, P. M. [et al. 2001], Schoenig, S., & Olmstead, R. G. 2001. Radiation of Mimulus (Phrymaceae) in western North America: Evolution of polyploidy, woodiness, and pollination syndromes. P. 100, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Beardsley, P. M. [et al. 2003], Yen, A., & Olmstead, R. G. 2003. AFLP phylogeny of Mimulus section Erythranthe and the evolution of hummingbird pollination. Evolution 57: 1397-1410.

Beardsley, P. M. [et al. 2004], Schoenig, S., Whittall, J. B., & Olmstead, R. G. 2004. Patterns of evolution in western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae). American J. Bot. 91: 474-489.

Beattie, A. J. 1985. The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant-Plant Mutualisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Beattie, A. J., & Hughes, L. 2002. Ant-plant interactions. Pp. 211-235, in Herrera, C. M., & Pellmyr, O. (eds), Plant-Animal Interactions - An Evolutionary Approach. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Beattie, A. J., & Lyons, N. 1975. Seed dispersal in Viola (Violaceae): Adaptations and strategies. American J. Bot. 62: 714-722.

Beaufort-Murphy, H. T. 1983. The seed surface morphology of the Gesneriaceae utilizing the scanning electron microscope and a new system for diagnosing seed morphology. Selbyana 6: 220-422.

Beaufort-Murphy, H. T. 1984. Shoot and root formation obtained on selected species of the Gesneriaceae through tissue-culture. Selbyana 7: 274-280.

Beukes, C. W. [et al. 2016], Stepkowski, T., Venter, S. N., Clapa, T., Phalane, F. L., le Roux, M. M., & Steenkamp, E. T. 2016. Crotalarieae and Genisteae of the South African Great Escarpment are nodulated by novel Bradyrhizobium species with unique and diverse symbiotic loci. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 100: 206-218.

Beaulieu, J. M., & Donoghue, M. J. 2013. Fruit evolution and diversification in campanulid angiosperms. Evolution 67: 3132-3144.

Beaulieu, J. M., & O'Meara, B. C. 2014. Hidden Markov models for studying the evolution of binary morphological characters. Pp. 395-408, in Garamszegi, L. Z. (ed.), Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology. Springer, Berlin.

Beaulieu, J. M., & O'Meara, B. C. 2016. Detecting hidden diversification shifts in models of trait-dependent speciation and extinction. Syst. Biol 65: 583-601.

Beaulieu, J. M., & O'Meara, B. C. 2018. Can we build it? Yes we can, but should we use it? Assessing the quality and value of a very large phylogeny of campanulid angiosperms. American J. Bot. 105: 417-432.

Beaulieu, J. M., & O'Meara, B. C. 2019. Diversity and skepticism are vital for comparative biology: A response to Donoghue and Edwards (2019). American J. Bot. 106: 613-617.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2007a], Moles, A. T., Leitch, I. J., Bennett, M. D., Dickie, J. B., & Knight, C. A. 2007a. Corrrelated evolution of genome size and seed mass. New Phytol. 173: 422-437.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2007b], Leitch, I. J., & Knight, C. A. 2007b. Genome size evolution in relation to leaf strategy and metabolic rates revisited. Ann. Bot. 99: 495-505.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2008], Leitch, I. J., Patel, S., Pendharkar, A., & Knight, C. A. 2008. Genome size is a strong predictor of cell size and stomatal density in angiosperms. New Phytol. 179: 975-986.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2013a], Tank, D. C., & Donoghue, M. J. 2013a. A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms, with traces of the break-up of Gondwana. BMC Evol. Biol. 13:80.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2013b], O'Meara, B. C., & Donoghue, M. J. 2013b. Identifying hidden rate changes in the evolution of a binary morphological character: The evolution of plant habit in campanulid angiosperms. Syst. Biol. 62: 725-737.

Beaulieu, J. M. [et al. 2015], O'Meara, B. C., Crane, P., & Donoghue, M. J. 2015. Heterogeneous rates of molecular evolution and diversification could explain the Triassic age estimate for angiosperms. Syst. Biol. 64: 869-878.

Beaulieu, W. T. [et al. 2012], Ryan, K. L., Panaccione, D. G., Miller, R. E., & Clay, K. 2012. Cosmopolitan distribution of ergot alkaloids produced by Periglandula, clavicaipitaceous symbionts of the Convolvulaceae. P. 133, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Beaulieu, W. T. [et al. 2013], Panaccione, D. G., Hazekamp, C. S., Mckee, M. C., Ryan, K. L., & Clay, K. 2013. Differential allocation of seed-borne ergot alkaloids during early ontogeny of morning glories (Convolvulaceae). J. Chem. Ecol. 39: 919-930.

Beaulieu, W. T. [et al. 2015], Panaccione, D. G., Ryan, K. L., Kaonongbua, W., & Clay, K. 2015. Phylogenetic and chemotypic diversity of Periglandula species in eight new morning glory hosts (Convolvulaceae). Mycologia 107: 667-678.

Beaulieu, W. T. [et al. 2021], Panaccione, D. G., Quach, Q. N., Smoot, K. L., & Clay, K. 2021. Diversification of ergot alkaloids and heritable fungal symbionts in morning glories. Communic. Biol. 4:1362. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02870-z

Beaumont, A. [et al. 2009], Edwards, T. J., Manning, J., Maurin, O., Rautenbach, M., Motsi, M. C., Fay, M. F., Chase, M. W., & van der Bank, M. 2009. Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae) is not monophyletic: Taxonomic implications for Thymelaeoideae and a partial new generic taxonomy for Gnidia. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 160: 402-417.

Beaumont, J. [et al. 1985], Cutler, D. F., Reynolds, T., & Vaughan, J. G. 1985. The secretory tissue of aloes and their allies. Israel J. Bot. 35: 265-282.

Beauvisage, G. C. E. 1889. L'inuline dans les Ionidium. Étude anatomique du faux ipécacuanha blanc du Brésil (Ionidium ipecacuanhaBull. Soc. Bot. Lyon ?

Beauvisage, L. 1920. Étude anatomique de la famille des Ternstroemiacées. E. Arrault, Tours.

Beaver, R. A. 1983. The communities living in Nepenthes pitcher plants: fauna and food webs. Pp. 129-159, in Frank, J. H., & Lounibos, L. P. (eds), Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities. Plexus, New Jersey.

Beaver, R. A. 1989. Insect-fungus relationships in the bark and ambrosia beetles. Pp. 121-143, in Wilding, N., Collins, N. M., Hammond, P. M., & Webber, J. F. (eds), Insect-Fungus Relationships. Academic Press, London.

Becari-Viana, I., & Schwartsburd, P. B. 2017. Morpho-anatomical studies and evolutionary interpretations of the rhizomes of extant Dennstaedtiaceae. American Fern J. 107: 105-123.

Becerra, A. G. [et al. 2009], Nouhra, E. R., Silva, M. P., & McKay, D. 2009. Ectomycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and dark-septate fungi on Salix humboldtiana in two riparian populations from central Argentina. Mycoscience 50: 343-352.

Becerra, J. X. 1997. Insects on plants: Macroevolutionary chemical trends in host use. Science 276: 253-256.

Becerra, J. X. 2003. Synchronous coadaptation in ancient case of herbivory. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 100: 12804-12807.

Becerra, J. X. 2005. Timing the origin and expansion of the Mexican tropical dry forest. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 102: 10919-10923.

Becerra, J. X. 2007. The impact of herbivore-plant coevolution on plant community structure. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 104: 7483-7488.

Becerra, J. X. 2015. On the factors that promote the diversity of herbivorous insects and plants in tropical forests. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 6098-6103.

Becerra, J. X. [et al. 2001], Venable, D. L., Evans, P. H., & Bowers, W. S. 2001. Interactions between chemical and mechanical defences in the plant genus Bursera and their implications for herbivores. American Zool. 41: 865-876.

Becerra, J. X. [et al. 2009], Noge, K., & Venable, D. L. 2009. Macroevolutionary chemical escalation in an ancient plant-herbivore arms race. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 18062-18066.

Becerra, J. X. [et al. 2012], Noge, K., Olivier, S., & Venable, D. L. 2012. The monophyly of Bursera and its impact for divergence times of Burseraceae. Taxon 61: 333-343.

Bechem, E. E. T. [et al. 2014], Chuyong, G. B., & Fon, B. T. 2014. A survey of mycorrhizal colonization in the 50-ha Korup Forest dynamic plot in Cameroon. American J. Plant Sci. 5: 1403-1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.510155

Bechtel, A. 1921. The floral anatomy of the Urticales. American J. Bot. 8: 386-410.

Bechteler, J. [et al. 2023], Peñaloza-Bojacá, G., Bell, D., Burleigh, J. G., McDaniel, S. F., Davis, E. C., Sessa, E. B., Bippus, A., Cargill, D. C., Chantanoarrapint, S., Draper, I., Endara, L., Forrest, L. L., Garilleti, R., Graham, S. W., Huttunen, S., Lazo, J. J., Lara, F., Larraín, J., Lewis, L. R., Long, D. G., Quandt, D., Renzaglia, K., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Lee, G. E., Sierra, A. M., von Konrat, M., Zartman, C. E., Pereira, M. R., Goffinet, B., & Villarreal A., J. C. 2023. Comprehensive phylogenomic time tree of bryophytes reveals deep relationships and uncovers gene incongruences in the last 500 million years of diversification. American J. Bot. 110(11):e16249. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16249

Beck, A. [et al. 2007], Haug, I., Oberwinckler, F., & Kottke, I. 2007. Structural characterization and molecular identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza morphotypes of Alzatea verticillata (Alzateaceae), a prominent tree in the tropical mountain rain forest of South Ecuador. Mycorrhiza 17: 607-625.

Beck, C. B. 1962. Reconstructions of Archaeopteris and further reconsiderations of its phylogenetic position. American J. Bot. 49: 373-382.

Beck, C. B. 1970. The appearance of gymnospermous structure. Biol. Review 45: 375-400.

Beck, C. B. 1981. Archaeopteris and its role in vascular plant evolution. Pp. 193-220, in Niklas, K. J. (ed.), Paleobotany, Paleoecology, and Evolution, Praeger, New York.

Beck, C. B. [et al. 1982], Schmid, R., & Rothwell, G. W. 1982. Stelar morphology and the primary vascular system of seed plants. Bot. Review 48: 691-815, 913-931 [references].

Becker, A. 2016. Tinkering with transcription factor networks for developmental robustness of Ranunculales flowes. Ann. Bot. 117: 845-858.

Becker, A. [et al. 2000], Winter, K.-U., Meyer, B., Saedler, H., & Theissen, G. 2000. MADS-box gene diversity in seed plants 300 million years ago. Molec. Biol. Evol. 17: 1425-1434.

Becker, A. [et al. 2005], Gleissberg, S., & Smyth, D. 2005. Floral and vegetative morphogenesis in California poppy Eschscholzia californica Cham. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 166: 537-555.

Becker, A. L. [et al. 2024], Crowl, A. A., Luteyn, J. L., Chanderbali, A. S., Judd, W. S., Manos, P. S., Soltis, D. E., Smith, S. A., Goncalves, D. J. P., Dick, C. W., Weaver, W. N., Soltis, P. S., Cellinese, N., & Fritsch, P. W. 2024. A global blueberry phylogeny: Evolution, diversification, and biogeography of Vaccinieae (Ericaceae), Molec. Phyl. Evol. 201:108202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108202

Becker, B., & Marin, B. 2009. Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes. Ann. Botany 103: 999-1004.

Becker, C. 1895. Beitrag zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Portulacaceen. M. Ernst, Munich.

Beckers, V. [et al. 2022], Rapini, A., Smets, E., & Lens, F. 2022. Comparative wood anatomy and the origin of woodiness in subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 71: 1230-1250.

Beckert, S. [ et al. 1999], Steinhauser, S., Muhle, H., & V. Knoop, V. 1999. A molecular phylogeny of bryophytes based on nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial nad5 gene. Plant Syst. Evol. 218: 179-192.

Beckert, S. [et al. 2001], Muhle, H., Pruchner, D., & Knopp, V. 2001. The mitochondrial nad2 gene as a novel marker locus for phylogenetic analysis of early land plants: A comparative analysis in mosses. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 18: 117-126.

Becking, J. H. 1965. Nitrogen fixation and mycorrhiza in Podocarpus root nodules. Plant and Soil 23: 213-226.

Beckles, D. M. [et al. 2001], Smith, A. M., & ap Rees, T. 2001. A cytosolic ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is a feature of graminaceous endosperms, but not of other starch-storing organs. Plant Physiol. 125: 818-827.

Becklin, K. M. [et al. 2016], Anderson, J. T., Gerhart, L. M., Wadgymar, S. M., Wessinger, C. A., & Ward, J. K. 2016. Examining plant physiologicl responses to climate change through an evolutionary lens. Plant Physiol. 172: 635-649.

Becklund, L. E., & Ayers, T. J. 2022. The phylogeny of Errazurizia (Fabaceae: Amorpheae) and description of the new monotypic genus Pictarena. Syst. Bot. 47: 1012-1024.

Bécquer-Granados, E. R. [et al. 2008], Neubig, K. M., Judd, W. S., Michelangeli, F. A., Abbott, J. R., & Penneys, D. S. 2008. Preliminary molecular phylogenetic studies in Pachyanthus (Miconieae, Melastomataceae). Bot. Review 74: 37-52.

Bedell, H. G. 1980. A taxonomic and morphological re-evaluation of Stegnospermaceae (Caryophyllales). Syst. Bot. 5: 419-431.

Bedford, D. J. [et al. 1986], Le, A. T., Macfarlane, T. D., Henderson, R. J. F., & George, A. S. 1986. Xanthorrhoeaceae. Pp. 88-171, in George, A. S. (ed.), Flora of Australia. Volume 46. Iridaceae to Dioscoreaceae. Australian Government, Canberra.

Bedigian, D. [et al. 1985], Seigler, D. S., & Harlan, J. R. 1985. Sesamin, sesamolin and the origin of sesame. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 13: 133-139.

Bedoya, A. M. [et al. 2019], Ruhfel, B. R., Philbrick, C. T., Madriñán, S., Bove, C. P., Mesterházy, A., & Olmstead, R. G. 2019. Plastid genomes of five species of riverweeds (Podostemaceae): Structural organization and comparative analysis in Malpighiales. Front. Plant Sci. 10:1035. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01035

Bedoya, A. M. [et al. 2023], Taylor, C. M., Mumford, A., Ball, L. D., & Lagomarsino, L. P. 2023. The interplay of biogeographic history, floral morphology, and climatic niche in Palicourea (Rubiaceae), an ecologically important group of Neotropical plants. EcoEvoRxiv https://ecoevorxiv.org

Beech, E. [et al. 2017], Rivers, M., Oldfield, S., & Smith, P. P. 2017. GlobalTreeSearch: The first complete global database of tree species and country distributions. J. Sustain. Forest. 36: 454-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548911.2017.1310049

Beentje, H. 2012. The Kew Plant Glossary: An Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Ed. 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Beer, C. [et al. 2010], Reichstein, M., Tomelleri, E., Ciais, P., Jung, M., Carvalhais, N., Rödenback, C., Arain, M. A., Baldocchi, D., Bonan, G. B., Bondeau, A., Cescatti, A., Lasslop, G., Lindroth, A., Lomas, M., Luyssaert, S., Margolis, H., Olesen, K. W., Veenendal, E., Roupsard, O., Viovy, N., Williams, C., Woodward, F. I., & Papale, D. 2010. Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: Global distribution and covariation with climate. Science 329: 834-838.

Beer, J. G. 1863. Beiträge zur Morphologie und Biologie der Familie der Orchideen. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien.

Beerling, D. J. 2005a. Leaf evolution: Gases, genes and geochemistry. Ann. Bot. 96: 345-352.

Beerling, D. J. 2005b. Evolutionary responses of land plants to atmospheric CO₂. Pp. 114-132, in Ehleringer, J. R., Cerling, T. E., & Dearing, M. D. (eds), A History of Atmospheric CO₂ and its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. Springer, New York. [Ecological Studies 177.]

Beerling, D. J., & Berner, R. A. 2005. Feedback and the coevolution of plants and atmospheric CO₂. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 102: 1302-1305.

Beerling, D. J., & Fleming, A. J. 2007. Zimmermann's telome theory of megaphyll leaf evolution: A molecular and cellular critique. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 10: 4-12.

Beerling, D. J., & Franks, P. J. 2010. The hidden cost of transpiration. Nature 464: 495-496.

Beerling, D. J., & Osborne, C. P. 2006. The origin of the savanna biome. Gobal Change Biol. 12: 2023-2031.

Beerling, D. J., & Woodward, F. I. 1997. Changes in land plant function over the Phanerozoic: Reconstructions based on the fossil record. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 124: 137-153.

Beerling, D. J. [et al. 2001], Osborne, C. P., & Chaloner, W. G. 2001. Evolution of leaf form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO₂ decline in the late Palaeozoic era. Nature 410: 352-354.

Beerling, D. J. [et al. 2012], Taylor, L. L., Bradshaw, C. D. C., Lunt, F. J., Valdes, P. J., Banwart, S. A., Pagani, M., & Leake, J. R. 2012. Ecosystem CO₂ starvation and terrestrial silicate weathering: Mechanisms and global-scale quantification during the late Miocene. J. Ecol. 100: 31-41.

Behie, S. W., & Bidochka, M. J. 2014. Ubiquity of insect-derived nitrogen transfer to plants by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi: An additional branch of the soil nitrogen cycle. Applied Environm. Microbiol. 80: 1553-1560.

Behie, S. W. [et al. 2012], Zelisko, P. M., & Bidochka, M. J. 2012. Endophytic insect-parasitic fungi translocate nitrogen directly from insects to plants. Science 336: 1576-1577.

Behie, S. W. [et al. 2017], Moreira, C. C., Sementchoukova, I., Barelli, L., Zelisko, P. M., & Bidochka, M. J. 2017. Carbon translocation from a plant to an insect-pathogenic endophyte fungus. Nature Communic. 8:14245. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14245

Behm, J. E. [et al. 2014], Geurts, R., & Kiers, E. T. 2014. Parasponia: A novel system for studying mutualism stability. Trends Plant Sci. 19: 757-763.

Behnke, H.-D. 1969. Die Siebröhren Plastid der Monocotyledonen: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über Feinbau und Verbreitung eines charakterischen Plastidentyps. Planta 84: 174-184.

Behnke, H.-D. 1972. Sieve tube plastids in relation to angiosperm systematics - an attempt towards a classification by ultrastructural analysis. Bot. Review 38: 155-197.

Behnke, H.-D. 1974. Sieve-element plastids of Gymnospermae: Their ultrastructure in relation to systematics. Pl. Syst. Evol. 123: 1-12.

Behnke, H.-D. 1975. The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: Ultrastructure. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 647-663.

Behnke, H.-D. 1976. Ultrastructure of sieve-element plastids in Caryophyllales (Centrospermae), evidence for the delitation and classification of the order. Plant Syst. Evol. 126: 31-54.

Behnke, H.-D. 1981a. Siebelement-Plastiden, Phloem-Protein und Evolution der Blütenpflanzen: II. Monokotyledonen. Ber. Deutschen Bot. Ges. 94: 647-662.

Behnke, H.-D. 1981b. Swartzia: Phloem ultrastructure supporting its inclusion into Leguminosae-Papilionoideae. Isleya 2: 13-16.

Behnke, H.-D. 1981c. Sieve element characters. Nordic J. Bot. 1: 381-400.

Behnke, H.-D. 1986. Sieve element characters and the systematic position of Austrobaileya (Austrobaileyales) - with comments to the distinction and definition of sieve cells and sieve-tube members. Plant syst. Evol. 152: 101-121.

Behnke, H.-D. 1988a. Sieve element plastids, phloem protein, and the evolution of flowering plants: III. Magnoliidae. Taxon 37: 699-733.

Behnke, H.-D. 1978b. Sieve-element plastids and systematic relationships of Rhizophoraceae, Anisophylleaceae, and allied groups. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 1387-1409.

Behnke, H.-D. 1989. Sieve-element plastids, phloem proteins, and the evolution of flowering plants IV. Hamamelidae. Pp. 105-128, in Crane, P. R., and Blackmore, S. (eds), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Behnke, H.-D. 1990a. Cycads and gnetophytes. Pp. 89-101, in Behnke, H.-D., & Sjolund, R. D. (eds), Sieve Elements: Comparative Structure, Induction, and Development. Springer, Berlin.

Behnke, H.-D. 1990b. Sieve elements in internodal and nodal anastomoses of the monocotyledon liana Dioscorea. Pp. 161-178, in Behnke, H.-D., & Sjolund, R. D. (eds), Sieve Elements: Comparative Structure, Induction, and Development. Springer, Berlin.

Behnke, H.-D. 1991a. Distribution and evolution of forms and types of sieve-element plastids in the dicotyledons. Aliso 13: 167-182.

Behnke, H.-D. 1991b. Non-dispersive protein bodies in sieve elements: A survey and review of their origin, distribution and taxonomic significance. IAWA Bull. N.S. 12: 143-175.

Behnke, H.-D. 1993. Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of the Caryophyllales including Barbeuia, Corrigiola, Lyallia, Microtea, Sarcobatus, and Telephium. Plant Syst. Evol. 186: 231-243.

Behnke, H.-D. 1994a. Sieve-element plastids: Their significance for the systematics and evolution of the order. Pp. 87-121, in Behnke, H.-D., & Mabry, T. J. (eds.), Caryophyllales: Evolution and Systematics. Springer, Berlin.

Behnke, H.-D. 1994b. Sieve-element plastids, nuclear crystals, and phloem proteins in the Zingiberales. Bot. Acta 107: 3-11.

Behnke, H.-D. 1995a. P-type sieve element plastids and the systematics of the Arales (sensu Cronquist 1988) - with S-type plastids in Pistia. Plant Syst. Evol. 195: 87-119.

Behnke, H.-D. 1995b. Sieve-element plastids, phloem proteins, and the evolution of Ranunculanae. Pp. 25-37, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Behnke, H.-D. 1997. Sarcobataceae - a new family of Caryophyllales. Taxon 46: 495-507.

Behnke, H.-D. 1999. P-type sieve-element plastid present in members of the tribes Triplareae and Coccolobeae (Polygonaceae) renew the links between the Polygonales and the Caryophyllales. Plant Syst. Evol. 214: 15-27.

Behnke, H.-D. 2000. Forms and sizes of sieve-element plastids and evolution of the monocotyledons. Pp. 163-163-188, in Wilson, K. L., & Morrison, D. A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.

Behnke, H.-D. 2001. Sieve-element plastids and evolution of monocotyledons with emphasis on Melanthiaceae sensu lato and Aristolochiaceae-Asaroideae, a putative dicotyledon sister group. Pp. 16-17, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Behnke, H.-D. 2002 [= 2003]. Sieve-element plastids and evolution of monocotyledons, with emphasis on Melanthiaceae sensu lato and Aristolochiaceae-Asaroideae, a putative dicotyledon sister group. Bot. Review 68: 524-544.

Behnke, H.-D., & Barthlott, W. 1983. New evidence from ultrastructural and micromorphological fields in angiosperm classification. Nordic J. Bot. 3: 43-66.

Behnke, H.-D., & Paliwal, G. S. 1973. Ultrastructure of phloem and its development in Gnetum gnemon, with some observations on Ephedra campylopoda. Protoplasma 78: 305-319.

Behnke, H.-D., & Pop, L. 1981. Sieve-element plastids and crystalline P(hloem)-protein in Leguminosae: Micromorphological characters as an aid in the circumscription of the family and subfamilies. Pp. 707-715, in Polhill, R. M., & Raven, P. H. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, vol. 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Behnke, H.-D. [et al. 1983a], Pop, L., & Sivarajan, V. V. 1983a. Sieve-element plastids of Caryophyllales: Additional investigations with special reference to Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 142: 109-115.

Behnke, H.-D. [et al. 1983b], Mabry, T. J., Neumann, P., & Bathlott, W. 1983b. Ultrastructural, micromorphological and phytochemical evidence for a "central position" of Macarthuria (Molluginaceae) within the Caryophyllales. Plant Syst. Evol. 143: 151-161.

Behnke, H.-D. [et al. 1996], Kiritsis, U., Patrick, S. J., & Kenneally, K. F. 1996. Form-Pfs plastids, stem anatomy and systematic affinity of Stylobasium Desf. (Stylobasiaceae). A contribution to the knowledge of sieve element plastids in the Rutales and Sapindales. Bot. Acta 109: 346-359.

Behnke, H.-D. [et al. 2000], Treutlein, J., Wink, M., Kramer, K., Schneider, C., & Kao, P. C. 2000. Systematics and evolution of Velloziaceae, with special reference to sieve-element plastids and rbcL sequence data. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 134: 93-129.

Behnke, H.-D. [et al. 2013], Hummel, E., Hillmer, S., Sauer-Gürth, H., Gonzalez, J., & Wink, M. 2013. A revision of Afrian Velloziaceae based on leaf anatomy characters and rbcL nucleotide sequences. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 171: 22-94.

Beier, B.-A. [et al. 2003], Chase, M. A., & Thulin, M. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of subfamily Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Plant Syst. Evol. 240: 11-39.

Beier, B.-A. [et al. 2004], Nylander, J. A. A., Chase, M. A., & Thulin, M. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the desert plant genus Fagonia (Zygophyllaceae) inferred by parsimony and Bayesian model averaging. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 33: 91-108.

Beiler, K. J. [et al. 2010], Durall, D. M., Simard, S. W., Maxwell, S. A., & Kretzer, A. M. 2010. Architecture of the wood-wide web: Rhizopogon spp. genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts. New Phytol. 185: 543-553.

Beilstein, M. A. [et al. 2006], Al-Shehbaz, I. A., & Kellogg, E. A. 2006. Brassicaceae phylogeny and trichome evolution. American J. Bot. 93: 607-619.

Beilstein, M. A. [et al. 2008], Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Mathews, S., & Kellogg, E. A. 2008. Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: Tribes and trichomes revisited. American J. Bot. 95: 1307-1327.

Beilstein, M. A. [et al. 2010], Nagalingum, N. S., Clements, M. D., Manchester, S. R., & Mathews, S. 2010. Dated molecular phylogenies indicate a Miocene origin for Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 107: 18724-18728.

Beimforde, C. [et al. 2011], Schäfer, N., Dörfelt, H., Nascimbene, P. C., Singh, H., Heinrichs, J., Reitner, J., Rana, R. S., & Schmidt, A. R. 2011. Ectomycorrhizas from a Lower Eocene angiosperm forest. New Phytol. 192: 988-996. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011-03868.x

Bekaert, M. [et al. 2012], Edger, P. P., Hudson, C. M., Pires, J. C., & Conant, G. C. 2012. Metabolic and evolutionary costs of herbivory defense: Systems biology of glucosinolate synthesis. New Phytol. 196: 596-605.

Belcher, C. M. 2009. Reigniting the Cretaceous-Palaeogene firestorm debate. Geology 37: 1147-1148.

Belcher, C. M., & Hudspith, V. A. 2017 [= 2016]. Changes to Cretaceous surface fire behaviour influenced the spread of the early angiosperms. New Phytol. 213: 1521-1532.

Belcher, C. M. [et al. 2010a], Mander, L., Rein, G., Jervis, F. X., Haworth, M., Glasspool, I. J., Hesselbo, S. P. & McElwain, J. C. 2010a. Increased fire activity at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in Greenland due to climate-driven floral change. Nature Geoscience 3: 426-429.

Belcher, C. M. [et al. 2010b], Yearsley, J. M., Hadden, R. M., McElwain, J. C., & Rain, G. 2010b. Baseline intrinsic flammability of earth's ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 107: 22448-22453.

Belcher, C. M. [et al. 2013], Collinson, M. E., & Scott, A. C. 2013. A 450 million year record of fire. Pp. 229-249, in Belcher, C. M. (ed.), Fire Phenomena and the Earth System: An Interdisciplinary Guide to Fire Science. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Belcher, C. M. [et al. 2021), Mills, B. J. W., Vitali, R., Baker, S. J., Lenton, T. M., & Watson, A. J. 2021. The rise of angiosperms strengthened fire feedbacks and improved the regulation of atmospheric oxygen. Nature Communic. 12:503. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41476-020-20772-2

Bell, A. D., & Bryan, A. 1991. Plant Form: An Illustrated Guide to Flowering Plant Morphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Bell, A. D., & Bryan, A. 2008. Plant Form: An Illustrated Guide to Flowering Plant Morphology, "New Edition". Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Bell, A. D., & Dines, T. D. 1995. Branching patterns in the Solanaceae. Pp. 157-172, in Hoch, P. C., & Stephenson, A. G. (eds), Experimental and Molecular Approaches to Plant Biosystematics. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.

Bell, A. K. [et al. 2009], Roberts, D. L., Hawkins, J. A., Rudall, P. J., Box, M. S., & Bateman, R. M. 2009. Comparative micromorphology of nectariferous and nectarless labellar spurs in selected clades of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 160: 369-387.

Bell, C. D. 2004. Preliminary phylogeny of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 31: 340-350.

Bell, C. D. 2015. Between a rock and a hard place: Applications of the "molecular clock" in systematic biology. Syst. Bot. 40: 6-13.

Bell, C. D., & Donoghue, M. J. 2000. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. American J. Bot. 87(6, suppl.): 171.

Bell, C. D., & Donoghue, M. J. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of Morinaceae (Dipsacales) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Organisms Divers. Evol. 3: 227-237.

Bell, C. D., & Donoghue, M. J. 2005a. Dating the Dipsacales: Comparing models, genes, and evolutionary implications. American J. Bot. 92: 284-296.

Bell, C. D., & Donoghue, M. J. 2005b. Phylogeny and biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with special reference to the South American valerians. Organisms Divers. Evol. 5: 147-159.

Bell, C. D., & Gonzalez, L. A. 2019. Historical biogeography and temporal diversification in Symphoricarpus (Caprifolieae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales). Syst. Bot. 44: 83-89.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2001], Edwards, E. J., Kim, S.-T., & Donoghue, M. J. 2001. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Harvard Papers Bot. 6: 481-499.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2005], Soltis, D. E., & Soltis, P. S. 2005. The age of the angiosperms: A molecular timescale without a clock. Evolution 59: 1245-1258.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2010], Soltis, D. E., & Soltis, P. S. 2010. The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited. American J. Bot. 97: 1296-1303.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2012a], Kutschker, A., & Arroyo, M. T. K. 2012a. Phylogeny and diversification of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) in the southern Andes. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 63: 724-737.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2012b], Mavrodiev, E. V., Soltis, P. S., Calaminus, A. K., Albach, D. C., Cellinese, N., Garcia-Jacas, N., & Soltis, D. E. 2012b. Rapid diversification of Tragopogon and ecological associates in Eurasia. J. Evol. Biol. 25: 2470-2480.

Bell, C. D. [et al. 2015], Calderon, G., Scholz, A., & Liede-Schumann, S. 2015. Resolving relationships within Valerianaceae (Dipsacales): New insights and hypotheses from low-copy nuclear regions. Syst. Bot. 40: 327-355.

Bell, C. R., & Constance, L. 1957. Chromosome numbers in Umbelliferae. American J. Bot. 44: 565-572.

Bell, D. [et al. 2019] Lin, Q., Gerelle, W. K., Joya, S., Chang, Y., Taylor, Z. N., Rothfels, C. J., Larsson, A., Villarreal, J. C., Li, F.-W., Pokorny, L., Szövényi, P., Crandall-Sotler, B., DeGironimo, L., Floyd, S. K., Beerling, D. J., Deyholos, M. K., von Konrat, M., Ellis, S., Shaw, A. J., Chen, T., Wong, G. K.-S., Stevenson, D. W., Palmer, J. D., & Graham, S. W. 2020 [= 2019]. Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on (unrooted) land-plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution. American J. Bot. 107: 91-115.

Bell, E. A. 1971. Comparative biochemistry of non-protein amino acids. Pp. 179-206, in Harborne, J. B., Boutler, D., & Turner, B. L. (eds), Chemotaxonomy of the Leguminosae. Academic Press, London.

Bell, E. A. [et al. 1968], Lackey, J. A., & Polhill, R. M. 1968. Systematic significance of canavanine in the Papilionoideae (Faboideae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 6: 201-212.

Bell, L. [et al. 2020], Lignou, S., & Wagstaff, C. 2020. High glucosinolate content in rocket leaves ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa) after multiple harvests is associated with increased bitterness, pungency, and reduced consumer liking. Foods 9(12):1799. doi: 10.3390/foods9121799

Bell, N. E., & Hyvönen, J. 2010. Phylogeny of the moss class Polytrichopsida (Bryophyta): Generic level structure and incongruent gene tress. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 55: 381-398.

Bell, N. E. [et al. 2007], Quandt, D., O'Brien, T. J., & Newton, A. E. 2007. Taxonomy and phylogeny in the earliest diverging pleurocarps: Square holes and bifurcating pegs. The Bryologist 110: 533-560.

Bell, T. L., & Ojeda, F. 1999. Underground storage in Erica species of the Cape floristic region - differences between seeders and resprouters. New Phytol. 144: 143-152.

Bell, T. L. [et al. 2000], Stock, W. D., & Linder, H. P. 2000. Ecophysiological investigations of the distribution of Poaceae and Restionaceae in the Cape floristic region, South Africa. Pp. 267-278, in Jacobs, S. W. L., & Everett, J. (eds), Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne.

Bell-Dereske, L. [et al. 2017], Takacs-Vesbach, C., Kivlin, S. N., Emery, S. M., & Rudgers, J. A. 2017. Leaf endophytic fungus interacts with precipitation to alter belowground microbial communities in primary successional dunes. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 93(6):fix036. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fix036.

Bellefroid, E. [et al. 2010], Rambe, S. K., Leroux, O., & Viane, R. L. L. 2010. The base number of ‘loxoscaphoid’ Asplenium species and its implication for cytoevolution in Aspleniaceae. Ann. Bot. 106: 157-171.

Bellini, C. [et al. 2014], Pacurar, D. I., & Perronel, I. 2014. Adventitious roots and lateral roots: Similarities and differences. Ann. Review Plant Physiol. 65: 639-666.

Bellis, E. S. [et al. 2020], McLaughlin, C. M., DePamphilis, C., & Lasky, J. R. 2020. Macroevolution of host specialization in a parasitic plant.

Bellis, E. S. [et al. 2020], Kelly, E. A., Lorts, C. M., Gao, H., DeLeo, V. L., Rouhan, G., Budden, A., Bhaskara, G. B., Hu, Z., Muscarella, R., Timko, M. P., Nebie, B., Runo, S. M., Chilcoat, N. D., Juenger, T. E., Morris, G. P., dePamphilis, C. W., & Lasky, J. R. 2020. Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 117: 4243-4251.

Bellis, E. S. [et al. 2021], McLaughlin, C. M., DePamphilis, C., & Lasky, J. R. 2021. The geography of parasite local adaptation to host communities. Authorea February 02, 2021. doi: 10.22541/au.159985357.77273677/v2 = Bellis, E. S. [et al. 2021], McLaughlin, C. M., DePamphilis, C., & Lasky, J. R. 2021. The geography of parasite local adaptation to host communities. Ecography 44: 1205-1217.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2002a], González, F., & Romero de Pérez, G. 2002a. Morfología del androceo, tapete y ultraestructura del polen de Siparuna aspera (Ruiz & Pavón) A. DC. (Siparunaceae). Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc. 26(99): 155-167.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2002b], Chase, M. W., Olmstead, R., Rønsted, N., & Albach, D. 2002b. The páramo endemic Aragoa is the sister genus of Plantago (Plantaginaceae): Evidence from plastid rbcL and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence data. Kew Bull. 57: 585-597.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2004], Rudall, P. J., González, F., & Fernández-Alonso, J. L. 2004. Floral morphology and development in Aragoa (Plantaginaceae) and related members of the order Lamiales. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 165: 723-738.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2006], Vaslois-Cuesta, H., & González, F. 2006. Aristolochia grandiflora Sw. (Aristolochiaceae): Desarrollo y mofolgía de la flor más larga del mundo. Rev. Acad. Colombiano Cienc. 30: 181-194.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2007], Hawkins, J. A., & Rudall, P. J. 2007. Floral morphology and development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the species-poor relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. Ann. Bot. 100: 1491-1505. [Reprinted with original pagination, figures improved - see Ann. Bot. 101: 483 et seq. 2008.]

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2009], Bruneau, A., Forest, F., & Hawkins, J. A. 2009. Elusive relationships within order Fabales: Phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 34: 102-114.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2010], Hawkins, J. A., & Rudall, P. J. 2010. Floral ontogeny in Polygalaceae and its bearing on the homologies of keeled flowers in Fabales. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 171: 482-498.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2012], Rudall, P. J., & Hawkins, J. A. 2012. Combined phylogenetic analyses reveal interfamilial relationships and patterns of floral evolution in the eudicot order Fabales. Cladistics 28: 393-421.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2013], Álvarez, I., Torices, R., & Fuertes-Aguilar, J. 2013. Floral development and evolution of capitulum structure in Anacyclus (Anthemidae, Asteraceae). Ann. Bot. 112: 1597-1612.

Bello, M. A. [et al. 2016], Martínez-Asperilla, A., & Fuertes-Aguilar, J. 2016. Floral development in Lavatera trimestris and Malva hispanica reveals the nature of the epicalyx in the Malva generic alliance. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 84-98.

Bellot, S., & Renner, S. S. 2013. Pollination and mating systems of Apodanthaceae and the distribution of reproductive traits in parasitic angiosperms. American J. Bot. 100: 1083-1094.

Bellot, S., & Renner, S. S. 2014a. The systematics of the worldwide endoparasite family Apodanthaceae (Cucurbitales), with a key, a map, and color photos of most species. PhytoKeys 36: 41-57.

Bellot, S., & Renner, S. S. 2014b. Exploring new dating approaches for parasites: The worldwide Apodanthaceae (Cucurbitales) as an example. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 80: 1-10.

Bellot, S., & Renner, S. S. 2015. The plastomes of two species in the endoparasite genus Pilostyles (Apodanthaceae) each retain just five or six possibly functional genes. Genome Biol. Evol. 8: 189-201. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv251

Bellot, S. [et al. 2016], Cusimano, N., Luo, S., Suin, G., Zarre, S., Gröger, A., Temsch, E., & Renner, S. S. 2017 [= 2016]. Assembled plastid and mitochondrial genomes, as well as nuclear genes, place the parasite family Cynomoriaceae in the Saxifragales. Genome Biol. Evol. 8: 2214-2230. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evw147

Bellot, S. [et al. 2020], Bayton, R. P., Couvreur, T. L. P., Dodsworth, S., Eiserhardt, W. L., Guignard, M. S., Pritchard, H. W., Roberts, L., Toorop, P. E., & Baker, W. J. 2020. On the origin of giant seeds: The macroevolution of the double coconut (Lodoicea maldivica) and its relatives (Borasseae, Arecaceae). New Phytol. 228: 1134-1148.

Bellstedt, D. U. [et al. 2008], van Zyl, L., Marais, E. M., Bytebier, B., de Villiers, C. A., Makwarela, A. M., & Dreyer, L. L. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships, character evolution and biogeography of southern African members of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllaceae) based on three plastid regions. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 47: 932-949.

Bellstedt, D. U. [et al. 2012], Galley, C., Pirie, M. D., & Linder, H. P. 2012. The migration of the palaeotropical arid flora: Zygophylloideae as an example. Syst. Bot. 37: 951-959.

Bellusci, F. [et al. 2008], Pellegrino, G., Palermo, A. M., & Musacchio, A. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships in the orchid genus Serapias L. based on noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 47: 986-991.

Belovitch, M. W. [et al. 2023], NeSmith, J. E., Nippert, J. B., & Holdo, R. H. 2023. African savanna grasses outperform trees across the full spectrum of soil moisture availability. New Phytol. 239: 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18909

Belsham, S. R., & Orlovich, D. A. 2003. Floral ontogeny of South American Myrtoideae. New Zealand J. Bot. 41: 161-169.

Beltran, I. C., & Kiew, K. 1984. Cytotaxonomic studies in the Zingiberaceae. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 541-559.

Beltrán, J. [et al. 2018], Wamboldt, Y., Sanchez, R., LaBrant, E. W., Kundariya, H., Virdi, K. S., Elowsky, C., & Mackenzie, S. A. 2017. Specialized plastids trigger tissue-specific signalling for systemic stress response in plants. Plant Physiol.178: 672-683.

Beltran, R. S., & Tarwater, C. E. 2024. Overcoming the pitfalls of categorizing continuous variables in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 291:20241640. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.1640

Bemm, F. [et al. 2016], Becker, D., Larisch, C., Kreuzer, I., Escalante-Perez, M., Schulze, W. X., Ankenbrand, M., van der Weyer, A.-L. K., Krol, E., Al-Rasheid, K. A., Mithöfer, A., Weber, A. P., Schultz, J., & Hedrich, R. 2016. Venus flytrap carnivorous lifestyle builds on herbivore defense strategies. Genome Res. 26. doi: 10.1101/gr.202200.115

Bena, G. 2001. Molecular phylogeny supports the morphologically based taxonomic transfer of the "medicagoid" Trigonella species to the genus Medicago L. Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 217-236.

Bena, M. J. [et al. 2017], Acosta, J. M., & Aagesen, L. 2017. Macroclimatic niche limits and evolution of C₄ photosynthesis in Gomphrenoideae (Amaranthaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 184: 283-297.

Benca, J. P. [et al. 2018], Duijnstee, I. A. P., &anp; Looy, C. V. 2018. UV-B—induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth's largest extinction. Sci. Adv. 4:e1700618. doi:10.11126/sciadv.1700618

Bender, A. [et al. 2016], Ramos, J. C., Tivano, J. C., & Vegetti, A. C. 2016. Homogenization and truncation processes in inflorescences of Cyperaceae. Bot. Review 82: 229-238.

Bendiksby, M. [et al. 2010], Schumacher, T., Gussarova, G., Nais, J., Mat-Salleh, K., Sofiyanti, N., Madulid, D., Smith, S. A., & Barkman, T. 2010. Elucidating the evolutionary history of the Southeast Asian, holoparasitic, giant-flowered Rafflesiaceae: Pliocene vicariance, morphological convergence and character displacement. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 57: 620-633.

Bendiksby, M. [et al. 2011], Thorbek, L., Scheen, A.-C., Lindqvist, C., & Ryding, O. 2011. An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae. Taxon 60: 471-484.

Bendre, A. M. 1975. Studies on the family Loganiaceae II. Embryology of Buddleja and Strychnos. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 54: 272-279.

Benedict, A. H. 1961. The floral anatomy of Dipteronia.American J. Bot. 48: 918-924.

Benedict, J. 2011. Using fruit and seed characters of Zingiberales to understand character evolution and phylogeny. P. 196, in Botany 2011. Healing the Planet, Abstracts. St Louis.

Benedict, J. C. [et al. 2008], Pigg, K. B., & DeVore, M. L. 2008. Hamawilsonia boglei gen. et sp. nov. (Hamamelidaceae) from the Late Paleocene Almont flora of central North Dakaota. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 169: 687-700.

Benedict, J. C. [et al. 2011], DeVore, M. L., & Pigg, K. B. 2011. Prunus and Oemleria (Rosaceae) flowers from the late Early Eocene Republic flora of northeastern Washington State. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 172: 948-958.

Benedict, J. C. [et al. 2015a], Smith, S. Y., Collinson, M. E., Leong-Skornicková, J., Specht, C. D., Fife, J. L., Marone, F., Xiao, X., & Parkinson, D. Y. 2015a. Evolutionary significance of seed structure in Alpinioideae (Zingiberaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 178: 441-466.

Benedict, J. C. [et al. 2015b], Smith, S. Y., Collinson, M. E., Leong-Skornicková, J., Specht, C. D., Marone, F., Xiao, X., & Parkinson, D. Y. 2015b. Seed morphology and anatomy and its utility in recognizing subfamilies and tribes of Zingiberaceae. American J. Bot. 102: 1814-1841.

Benedict, J. C. [et al. 2018], Smith, S. Y., Specht, C. D., Collinson, M. E., Leong-Skornicková, J., Parkinson, D. Y., & Marone, F. 2018. Species diversity driven by morphological and ecological disparity: A case study of comparative seed morphology and anatomy across a large monocot order. AoB Plants 8:plw063. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plw063

Benedito, V. A. [et al. 2008], Torres-Jerez, I., Murray, J. D., Andriankaja, A., Allen, S., Kakar, K., Wandrey, M., Verdier, J., Zuber, H., Ott, T., Moreau, S., Niebel, A., Frickey, T., Weiller, G., He, J., Dai, X., Zhao, P. X., Tang, Y., & Udvardi, M. K. 2008. A gene expression atlas of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant J. 55: 504-513. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03519.x

Bengtson, A., & Razafimandimbison, S. G. 2024. New subtribal and generic limits in the tribe Athroismeae (Asteraceae) and further disintegration of the subtribe Madagasterinae of the tribe Astereae. Willdenowia 54: 103-116.

Bengtson, A. [et al. 2015], Nylinder, S., Karis, P. O., & Anderberg, A. A. 2015. Evolution and diversification related to rainfall regimes: Diversification patterns in the South African genus Metalasia (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae). J. Biogeog. 42: 121-131.

Bengtsson, J. 1998. Which species? What kind of diversity? Which ecosystem function? Some problems in studies of relations between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Appl. Soil Ecol. 10: 191-199.

Benitez-Vieyra, S. [et al. 2007], Hempel de Ibarra, N., Wertlen, A. M., & Cocucci, A. A. 2007. How to look like a mallow: Evidence of floral mimicry between Turneraceae and Malvaceae. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 274: 2239-2248.

Benítez-Villaseñor, A. [et al. 2023], Granados Mendoza, C., Wanke, S., Peñafiel Cevallos, M., Freire, M. E., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., & Magallón, S. 2023. The use of Anchored Hybrid Enrichment data to resolve higher-level phylogenetic relationships: A proof-of-concept applied to Asterales (Eudicotyledoneae; Angiosperms). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 181:107714. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107714

Benkman, C. W. 1999. The selection mosaic and diversifying coevolution between crossbills and lodgepole pine. American Naturalist 153: S75-S91.

Benko-Iseppon, A. M., & Morawetz, W. 2000a. Viburnales: Cytological features and a new circumscription. Taxon 49: 5-16.

Benko-Iseppon, A. M., & Morawetz, W. 2000b. Cytological comparison of Calyceraceae and Dipsacaceae with special reference to their taxonomic relationships. Cytologia 65: 123-128.

Benko-Iseppon, A. M., & Wanderley, M. G. L. 2002. Cytogenetic studies on Brazilian Xyris species (Xyridaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 138: 245-252.

Benlloch, R. [et al. 2007], Berbel, A., Serrano-Mislata, A., & Madueño, F. 2007. Floral initiation and inflorescence architecture: A comparative view. Ann. Bot. 100: 659-676.

Benn, S. J., & Lemke, D. E. 1991. Taxonomy of Neotessmannieae (Tiliaceae). American J. Bot. 78(6, suppl): 166-167.

Bennek, C. 1958. Die morphologische Beurteilung der Staub- und Blumenblätter der Rhamnaceen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 77: 423-457, pl. 19-27.

Bennett, G. M. 2021. Evolving integrated multipartite symbioses between plant-sap feeding insects (Hemiptera) and their endosymbionts. Pp. 173-200, in Bosch, T. C. G., & Hadfield, M. G. (eds), Cellular Dialogues in the Holobiont. CRC Press, Milton (ON).

Bennett, J. A. [et al. 2017], Maherali, H., Reinhart, K. O., Lekberg, Y., Hart, M. M., & Klironomos, J. 2017. Plant-soil feedbacks and mycorrhizal type influence forest population dynamics. Science 355: 181-184.

Bennett, J. R., & Mathews, S. 2006. Phylogeny of the parasitic plant family Orobanchaceae inferred from Phytochrome A. American J. Bot. 93: 1039-1051.

Bennett, M. D. 1972. Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 181: 109-135.

Bennett, M. D. 2004. Perspectives on polyploidy - ancient and neo. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 82: 411-423.

Bennett, M. D., & Leitch, I. J. 2005. Genome size evolution in plants. Pp. 89-162, in Gregory, T. R. (ed.), The Evolution of the Genome. Elsevier, New York.

Bennett, M. D., & Leitch, I. J. 2007. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: 583 new estimates. Ann. Bot. 80: 169-196.

Bennett, M. D., & Leitch, I. J. 2010. Plant DNA C-values Database.

Bennett, T. A. [et al. 2014], Liu, M. M., Aoyama,, T., Wang, X. Y., Bierfreund, N. M., Braun, M., Coudert, Y., Dennis, R. J., O’Connor, D., White, C. D., Decker, E. L., Reski, R., & Harrison, C. J. 2014. Plasma membrane-targeted PIN proteins drive shoot development in a moss. Current Biol. 24: 2776-2785.

Bennett, T. H. [et al. 2013], Flowers, T. J., & Bromham, L. 2013. Repeated evolution of salt-tolerance in grasses. Biol. Lett. 23(9). doi: 10.1098/rsbi.2013.0029

Bennetzen, J. L. 2007. Patterns in grass genome evolution. Curr. Opinion Plant Biol. 10: 176-181.

Bennetzen, J. L., & Hake, S. C. (eds). 2009. Handbook of Maize: Its Biology. Springer, New York.

Bennetzen, J. L., & Kellogg, E. A. 1997. Do plants have a one-way ticket to genome obesity? Plant Cell 9: 1509-1514.

Bennetzen, J. L. [et al. 2005], Ma, J., & Devos, K. M. 2005. Mechanisms of recent genome size variation in flowering plants. Ann. Bot. 95: 127-132.

Bensel, C.R., & Palser, B. F. 1975a. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. I. Introduction, Parnassioideae and Brexioideae. American J. Bot. 62: 176-185.

Bensel, C.R., & Palser, B. F. 1975b. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. II. Saxifragoideae and Iteoideae. American J. Bot. 62: 661-675.

Bensel, C.R., & Palser, B. F. 1975c. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. III. Kirengeshomoideae, Hydrangeoideae and Escallonioideae. American J. Bot. 62: 676-687.

Bensel, C.R., & Palser, B. F. 1975d. Floral anatomy in the Saxifragaceae sensu lato. IV. Baueroideae and conclusions. American J. Bot. 62: 688-694.

Ben-Shlomo, R. [et al. 2022], Talal, S., & Inbar, M. 2022. The dynamics and the timeline of speciation in the gall-forming aphid Geoica spp. within and among Pistacia host tree species. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 174: 107549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107549

Benson, M. 1894. Contributions to the embryology of the Amentiferae. Trans. Linnean Soc., Ser. 2, 3: 409-424, pl. 67-72.

Benson, M. [et al. 1906], Sandy, E., & Berridge, E. 1906. Contributions to the embryology of the Amentiferae - Part II. Carpinus betulus. Trans. Linnean Soc., Ser. 2, 7: 37-44, pl. 6.

Benson, W. W. 1978. Resource partitioning in passion vine butterflies. Evolution 32: 493-518.

Benson, W. W. [et al. 1975], Brown, K. S. Jr, & Gilbert, L. E. 1975. Coevolution of plants and herbivores: Passion flower butterflies. Evolution 29: 659-680.

Bente, H., & Köhler, C. 2024. Molecular basis and evolutionary drivers of endosperm-based hybridization barriers. Plant Physiol. 195: 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiae050

Bentham, G. 1856. Notes on Loganiaceae. J. Proc. Linnean Soc. Bot. 1: 62-114.

Bentley, B. L. 1976. Plants bearing extrafloral nectaries and the associated ant community interhabitat differences in the reduction of herbivore damage. Ecology 57: 818-820.

Bentley, J. [et al. 2015], Klaassen, E. S., & Bergh, N. G. 2015. Philyrophyllum (Asteraceae) tranferred from Gnaphalieae to Athroismeae based on phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data. Taxon 64: 975-986.

Bentley, J. [et al. 2017], Verboom, G. A., & Bergh, N. G. 2017. Species-level phylogenetic analysis in the Relhania clade of "everlastings" and a new generic treatment of species previously assigned to Macowania and Arrowsmithia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae). Taxon 66: 1421-1438.

Bentley, K. W. 1998. The Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Harwood, Australia.

Bento, J. P. S. P. [et al. 2021], Kochanovski, S. J., & Sartori, A. L. B. 2021. Floral anatomy and secretory structures of Discolobium pulchellum and Riedeliella graciliflora (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae): Two closely related genera with diverging floral morphology. Plant Syst. Evol. 307:67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01791-y

Benton, M. J. 2010. The origins of modern biodiversity on land. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B, 365: 3667-3679.

Benton, M. J., & Twitchett, R. J. 2003. How to kill (almost) all life: The end-Permian extinction event. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18: 358-365.

Benton, M. J. [et al. 2021], Wilf, P., & Sauquet, H. 2022 [= 2021]. Tne Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution and the origins of modern biodiversity. New Phytol. 233: 2017-2035.

Benton, T. 2006. Bumblebees. Collins, London.

Bentz, B. J. [et al. 2016], Hood, S. M., Hansen, E. M., Vandygriff, J. C., & Mock, K. E. 2016. Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to native herbivore mountain pine beetle. New Phytol. 213: 611-624.

Bentz, B. J., & Leebens-Mack, J. 2024. Developing Asparagaceae1726: An Asparagaceae-specific probe set targeting 1726 loci for Hyb-Seq and phylogenomics in the family. Applic. Plant Sci. 12:e11597. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11597

Bentz, P. C. [et al. 2024a], Liu, Z., Yang, J.-B., Zhang, L., Burrows, S., Burrows, J., Kanno, A., Mao, Z., & Leebens-Mack, J. 2024a. Young evolutionary origins of dioecy in the genus Asparagus. American J. Bot. 111:e16276. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16276

Bentz, P. C. [et al. 2024b], Burrows, J. E., Burrows, S. M., Mizrachi, E., Liu, Z., Yang, J., Mao, Z., Popecki, M., Seberg, O., Petersen, G., & Leebens-Mack, J. 2024b. Bursts of rapid diversification, dispersals out of Southern Africa, and two origins of dioecy punctuate the evolution of Asparagus. Genome Biol. Evol. 16:evae200. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae200

Benvenuto, M. L. [et al. 2015], Fernández Honaine, M., Osterrieth, M. L., & Morel, E. 2015. Differentiation of globular phytoliths in Arecaceae and other monocotyledons: Morphological description for paleobotanical application. Turkish J. Bot. 39: 341-353.

Benzing, D. H. 1967a. Developmental patterns in stem primary xylem of woody Ranales. I. Species with unilacunar nodes. American J. Bot. 54: 805-813.

Benzing, D. H. 1967b. Developmental patterns in stem primary xylem of woody Ranales. II. Species with trilacunar and multilacunar nodes. American J. Bot. 54: 813-820.

Benzing, D. H. 1976. Bromeliaceae trichomes: Structure, function, and ecological significance. Selbyana 1: 330-348.

Benzing, D. H. 1990. Vascular Epiphytes. General Biology and Related Biota. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Benzing, D. H. 1996. Aerial roots and their environments. Pp. 875-894, in Waisel, Y., Eshel, A., & Kafkafi, U. (eds), Plant Roots: The Hidden Half. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Benzing, D. H. 2000. Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Benzing, D. H., & Burt, K. M. 1970. Foliar permeability among twenty species of the Bromeliaceae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 97: 269-279.

Benzing, D. H. [et al. 1983], Friedman, W. E., Peterson, G., & Renfrow, A. 1983. Shootlessness, velamentous roots, and the pre-eminence of Orchidaceae in the epiphytic biotope. American J. Bot. 70: 121-133.

Benzing, D. H. [et al. 1985], Givnish, T. J., & Bermudes, D. 1985. Absorbtive trichomes in Brocchinia reducta (Bromeliaceae) and their evolutionary and systematic significance. Syst. Bot. 10: 81-91.

Benzing, D. H. [et al. 2000a], Luther, H., & Bennett, B. 2000a. Reproduction and life history. Pp. 245-328, in Benzing, D. H. (ed.), Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Benzing, D. H. [et al. 2000b], Brown, G., & Terry, R. 2000b. History and evolution. Pp. 463-541, in Benzing, D. H. (ed.), Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Beran, F., & Petschenka, G. 2022. Sequestration of plant defense compounds by insects: From mechanisms to insect—plant coevolution. Annual Review Entomol. 67: 163-180.

Beran, F. [et al. 2014], Pauchet, Y., Kunert, G., Reichelt, M., Wielsch, N., Vogel, H., Reinecke, A., Svatos, A., Mewis, I., Schmid, D., Ramasamy, S., Ulrichs, C., Hansson, B. S., Gershenzon, J., & Heckel, D. G. 2014. Phyllotreta striolata flea beetles use host plant defense compounds to create their own glucosinolate-myrosinase system. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 111: 7349-2354. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1321781111.

Berardi, A. F. [et al. 2013], Frey, F. M., Denton, E. M., & Wells, J. H. 2013. Betalain color morphs exhibit differential growth, defensive ability, and pollen tube growth rates in Mirabilis jalapa (Nyctaginaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 174: 1229-1238.

Berasategui, A. [et al. 2017], Salem, H., Paetz, C., Santoro, M., Gershenzon, J., Kaltenpoth, M., & Schmidt, A. 2017. Gut microbiota of the pine weevil degrades conifer diterpenes and increases insect fitness. Molec. Ecol. 26: 4099-4110.

Berazaín, R. [et al. 2007], de la Fuente, V., Sánchez-Mata, D., Rufo, L., Rodríguez, N., & Amils, R. 2007. Nickel localization on tissues of hyperaccumulator species of Phyllanthus L. (Euphorbiaceae) from ultramafic areas of Cuba. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 115: 67-86.

Bercovici, A. [et al. 2009], Pearson, D. A., Nichols, D. J., & Wood, J. 2009. Biostratigraphy of selected K/T boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota, USA: Towards refinement of palynological identification criteria. Cretaceous Res. 30: 632-658.

Béreau, M., & Garbaye, J. 1994. First observations on the root morphology and symbioses of 21 major tree species in the primary tropical rain forest of French Guyana. Ann. Sci. Forest. 51: 407-416.

Berenbaum, M. R. 1983. Coumarins and caterpillars: A case for co-evolution. Evolution 37: 163-179.

Berenbaum, M. R. 1990. Evolution of specialization in insect-umbellifer associations. Annual Review Entomol. 35: 319-343.

Berenbaum, M. R. 1995. Chemistry and oligophagy in the Papilionidae. Pp. 27-38, in Scriber, J. M., Tsubaki, Y, & Lederhouse, R. C. (eds), Swallowtail Butterflies: Their Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida.

Berenbaum, M. R. 1999. Furanocoumarins as potent chemical defenses. Department of Entomology - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/berenbaum/newpage1.htm

Berenbaum, M. R. 2001. Chemical mediation of coevolution: Phylogenetic evidence for Apiaceae and associates. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 45-59.

Berenbaum, M. R., & Feeney, P. 1981. Toxicity of angular furanocoumarins to swallowtail butterflies: Escalation in a coevolutionary arms race? Science 212: 927-929.

Berenbaum, M. R., & Feeney, P. 2008. Chemical mediation of host-plant specialization: The papilionid paradigm. Pp. 3-19, in Tilmon, K. J. (ed.), Specialization, Speciation, and Radiation: The Evolutionary Biology of Herbivorous Insects. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Berenbaum, M. R., & Passoa, S. 1999. Generic phylogeny of North American Depressariinae (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) and hypotheses about coevolution. Ann. Entomol. Soc. America 92: 971-986.

Berenbaum, M. R., & Zangerl, A. R. 1998. Chemical phenotype matching between a plant and its insect herbivore. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 95: 13743-13748.

Berenbaum, M. R., & Zangerl, A. R. 2008. facing the future of plant-insect interaction research: Le retour à la "raison d'être". Plant Physiol. 146: 804-811.

Berenbaum, M. R. [et al. 1996], Favret, C., & Schuler, M. A. 1996. On defining "key innovations" in an adaptive radiation: Cytochrome P450s and Papilionidae. American Naturalist 148: S139-S155.

Berendse, F., & Scheffer, M. 2009. The angiosperm radiation revisited, an ecological explanation for Darwin's 'abominable mystery'. Ecol. Letters 12: 865-872.

Berendsohn, W. G. [et al. 2018], Borsch, T., Güntsch, A., Kohlbecker, A., Korotkova, N., Luther, K., Müller, A., Plitzner, P., & von Mering, S. 2018. Using the EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy to prepare and publish a treatment for the Caryophyllales Network: An online synthesis of the Nepenthaceae. Willdenowia 48: 335-344. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48301

Berens, M. L. [et al. 2017], Hannah M. Berry, H. M., Mine, A., Argueso, C. T., & Tsuda, K. 2017. Evolution of hormone signaling networks in plant defense. Ann. Review Phytopathol. 55: 401-425.

Beresford, P. [et al. 2005], Barker, F. K., Ryan, P. G., & Crowe, T. M. 20105. African endemics span the tree of songbirds (Passeri): Molecular systematics of several evolutionary 'enigmas'. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 272: 849-858.

Berg, C. C. 1977. Revision of African Moraceae (excluding Dorstenia, Ficus, Musanga and Myrianthus). Bull. Jard. Bot. National Belgique 47: 267-407.

Berg, C. C. 1978. Cecropiaceae a new family of the Urticales. Taxon 27: 39-44.

Berg, C. C. 1989. Systmatics and phylogeny of the Urticales. Pp. 195-220, in in Crane, P. R., & Blackmore, S. (eds), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Volume 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford. [Systematics Association Special Volume 40B.]

Berg, C. C. 1990. Differentiation of flowers and inflorescences of Urticales in relation to their protection against breeding insects and to pollination. Sommerfeltia 11: 13-34.

Berg, C. C. 2001. Flora Neotropica Monograph 83. Moreae, Artocarpoeae, and Dorstenia (Moraceae). New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Berg, C. C. 2005. Moraceae diversity in a global perspective. Biol. Skr. 55: 423-440. [Pp. 423-440, in Friis, I., & Balslev, H. (eds), Proceedings of a Symposium on Plant Diversity and Complexity Patterns - Local, Regional and Global Dimensions. Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen.]

Berg, C. C., & Corner, E. J. H. 2004. Ficus. Pp. , in van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 17. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen.

Berg, C. C., & Hijman, M. E. E. 1999. The genus Dorstenia (Moraceae). Ilicifolia 2: 1-211.

Berg, C. C. [et al. 2006], Corner, E. J. H., & Jarrett, F. M. 2006. Moraceae - genera other than Ficus. Pp. 1-154, in van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, 17.

Berg, R. Y. 1962. Contribution to the comparative embryology of the Liliaceae: Scoliopus, Trillium, Paris and Medeola. Skr. Norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, I. Math. Naturvidensk. Kl. n.s. 4: 1-36.

Berg, R. Y. 1967 [= 1968]. Megegametogenesis and seed development in Dendromecon rigida (Papaveraceae). Phytomorph. 17: 223-233.

Berg, R. Y. 1975. Myrmecochorous plants in Australia and their dispersal by ants. Australian J. Bot. 23: 475-508.

Berg, R. Y. 1978. Development of ovule, embryo sac, and endosperm in Brodiaea (Liliales). Norwegian J. Bot. 25: 1-7.

Berg, R. Y. 1983. Plant distribution as seen from plant dispersal: General principles and basic modes of plant dispersal. Pp. 13-35, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), Dispersal and Distribution. Paul Parey, Hamburg.

Berg, R. Y. 1996. Development of ovule, embryo sac, and endosperm in Dipterospermum and Dichelostemma (Alliaceae) relative to taxonomy. American J. Bot. 83: 790-801.

Berg, R. Y. 2003. Development of ovule, embryo sac, and endosperm in Triteleia (Themidaceae) relative to taxonomy. American J. Bot. 90: 937-948.

Berg, R. Y. 2009. Embryo sac, endosperm, and seed of Nemophila (Boraginaceae) relative to taxonomy, with a remark on embryogeny in Pholistoma. American J. Bot. 96: 565-579.

Berg, R. Y., & Maze, J. R. 1966. Contribution to the embryology of Muilla, with a remark on the taxonomic position of the genus. Madroño 18: 143-151.

Berger, A. 2012. Distribution and systematic signficance of selected secondary metabolites within Psychotrieae/Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae). Diplomarbeit, Magister der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer. nat.), Universität Wien.

Berger, A. [et al. 2012], Fasshuber, H., Schinnerl, J., Brecker, L., & Greger, H. 2012. Various types of tryptamine-iridoid alkaloids from Palicourea acuminata (= Psychotria acuminata). Phytochem. Lett. 5: 558-562.

Berger, A. [et al 2015], Clark, J. L., & Weber, A. 2015. Besleria macropoda (Gesneriaceae): Lectotypification, distribution, functional epiphylly and discordant fruit morphology of a rare Cosa Rican endemic. Phytotaxa 233: 139-152.

Berger, B. A., & Sytsma, K. J. 2010. The Myrtales: Dating, character evolution and a new family. Pp. 118-119, in Botany 2010. July 31 - August 4, Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Abstracts.

Berger, B. A. [et al. 2015], Kriebel, R., Spalink, D., & Sytsma, K. J. 2016 [= 2015]. Divergence times, historical biogeography, and shifts in speciation rates of Myrtales. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 95: 116-136.

Berger, B. A. [et al. 2020], Ambrose, B. A., Tong, J., & Howarth, D. G. 2021 [= 2020]. Flower development in Fedia grandiflora and Valerianella locusta (Valerianaceae). Flora 275:151754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2020.151754

Berger, M. G. 1919. Étude organographique, anatomique et pharmacologique de la famille des Turnéracées. Thèse, Faculté de Médécine et de Pharmacie, Université de Lille.

Bergh, N. G., & Linder, H. P. 2009. Cape diversification and repeated out-of-southern-Africa dispersal in paper daisies (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 51: 5-18.

Bergman, B. 2002. Nostoc-Gunnera symbiosis. Pp. 207-232, in Rai, A. N., Bergman, B., & Rasmussen, U. (eds), Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Bergman, B. [et al. 1992], Johansson, C., & Söderbäck, E. 1992. The Nostoc-Gunnera symbiosis. New Phytol. 122: 379-400.

Bergmann, J. [et al. 2020], Weigelt, A., van der Plas, F., Laughlin, D. C., Kuyper, T. W., Guerrero-Ramirez, N., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., Bruelheide, H., Freschet, G. T., Iversen, C. I., Kattge, J., McCormack, M. L., Meier, I. C., Rillig, M. C., Roumet, C., Semchenko, M., Sweeney, C. J., van Ruijven, J., York, L. M., & Mommer, L. 2020. The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.17.908905 = Bergmann, J. [et al. 2020], Weigelt, A., van der Plas, F., Laughlin, D. C., Kuyper, T. W., Guerrero-Ramirez, N., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., Bruelheide, H., Freschet, G. T., Iversen, C. I., Kattge, J., McCormack, M. L., Meier, I. C., Rillig, M. C., Roumet, C., Semchenko, M., Sweeney, C. J., van Ruijven, J., York, L. M., & Mommer, L. 2020. The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants. Sci. Adv. 6:eaba3756.

Bergström, G. [et al. 1991], Groth, I., Pellmyr, O., Endress, P. K., Thien, L. B., Hübener, A., & Francke, W. 1991. Chemical basis of a highly specific mutualism: Chiral esters attract pollinating beetles in Eupomatiaceae. Phytochem. 30: 3221-3225.

Bergthorsson, U. [et al. 2003], Adams, K. L., Thomason, B., & Palmer, J. D. 2003. Widespread horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. Nature 424: 197-201.

Bergthorsson, U. [et al. 2004], Richardson, A. O., Young, G. J., Goertzen, L. R., & Palmer, J. D. 2004. Massive horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes from diverse land plant donors to the basal angiosperm Amborella. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 101: 17747-17752.

Berkeley, E. 1953. Morphological studies in the Celastraceae. J. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 9: 185-208.

Berland, H. [et al. 2019], Albert, N. W., Stavland, A., Jordheim, M., McGhie, T. K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., Deroles, S. C., Schwinn, K. E., Jordan, B. E., Davies, K. M., & Andersen, Ø M. 2019. Auronidins are a previously unreported class of flavonoid pigments that challenges when anthocyanin biosynthesis evolved in plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 20232-20239. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912741116

Berles, A. N. 1892. Studi sulla forma, struttura e sviluppo del seme nelle Ampelidee. Malpighia 6: 295-324, 482-531, pl. 11-18, 18bis.

Berlin, B. 1992. Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Bermudes, D., & Benzing, D. 1991. Nitrogen fixation in association with Ecuadorean bromeliads. J. Trop. Ecol. 7: 531-536.

Bernadini, B. [et al. 2014], Byng, J., & Snow, N. 2014. Phylogeny, geographic origins, and convergent evolution in Old World Eugenia (Myrtaceae), with a focus on African species. P. 231, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Bernal, A. A. [et al. 2015], Smidt, E. de C., & Bona, C. 2015. Spiral root hairs in Spiranthinae (Cranichideae: Orchidaceae). Brazilian J. Bot. 38: 411-415.

Bernardello, G. 2007. A systematic survey of floral nectaries. Pp. 19-128, in Nicolson, S. W., Nepi, M., & Pacini, E. (eds), Nectaries and Nectar. Springer, New York.

Bernardini, B., & Lucchese, F. 2018. New phylogenetic insights into Hydrocharitaceae. Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8: 45-58.

Bernards, M. A. 2002. Demystifying suberin. Canadian J. Bot. 80: 227-240.

Bernáth, J. 1998. Poppy: The Genus Papaver. Harwood Academic, Amsterdam. [Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles. Vol. 3.]

Bernays, E. A., & Chapman, R. F. 1994. Host Plant Selection by Phytophagous Insects. Chapman & Hall, New York.

Bernbeck, F. 1932. Vergleichende Morphologie der Urticaceen- und Moraceen-Infloreszenzen. Bot. Abhandl. 3(19): 1-100.

Berner, R. A. 1997. The rise of plants and their effect on weathering and atmospheric CO₂. Science 276: 544-546.

Berner, R. A. 2003. The long-term carbon cycle, fossil fuels and atmospheric composition. Nature 426: 323-326.

Berner, R. A. 2005. The rise of trees and how they changed Paleozoic atmospheric CO₂, climate, and geology. Pp. 1-7, in Ehleringer, J. R., Cerling, T. E., & Dearing, M. D. (eds), A History of Atmospheric CO₂ and its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems. Springer, New York. [Ecological Studies 177.]

Berner, R. A. 2009. GEOCARBSULF: Phanerozoic atmospheric oxygen: New results using the GEOCARBSULF model. American J. Sci. 309: 603-606.

Bernhard, A. 1999a. Floral structure, development, and systematics in Passifloraceae and in Abatia (Flacourtiaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 160: 135-150.

Bernhard, A. 1999b. Floral structure and development of Ceratiosicyos laevis (Achariaceae) and its systematic position. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 131: 103-113.

Bernhard, A. 1999c. Paropsieae - the woody Passifloreae: A comparative study of flower morphology and development in Passifloraceae. P. 420, in XVI International Botanical Congress: Abstracts. [Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.]

Bernhard, A., & Endress, P. 1999. Androecial development and systematics in Flacourtiaceae s.l. Plant Syst. Evol. 215: 141-155.

Bernhardt, N. [et al. 2017], Brassac, J., Kiliany, B., & Blattner, F. R. 2017. Dated tribe-wide whole chloroplast genome phylogeny indicates recurrent hybridizations within Triticeae. BMC Evol. Biol. 17:141.

Bernhardt, P. 2020. Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms. Plant Syst. Evol. 222: 293-320.

Bernhardt, P., & Goldblatt, P. 2006. The role of phylogenetic constraints in the evolution of pollination mechanisms in Iridaceae of sub-Saharan Africa. Pp. 434-444, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, CA. [Aliso 22: 434-444.]

Bernhardt, P., & Kuiter, R. 2022. When fungus gnats pollinate orchids. Fungi 15(3): 28-40.

Bernhardt, P., & Weston, P. H. 1996. The pollination ecology of Persoonia (Proteaceae) in eastern Australia. Telopea 6: 775-804.

Bernhardt, P. [et al. 2003], Sage, T., Weston, P., Azuma, H., Lam, M., Thien, L. B., & Bruhl, J. 2003. The pollination of Trimenia moorei (Trimeniaceae): Floral volatiles, insect/wind pollen vectors and stigmatic self-incompatibility in a basal angiosperm. Ann. Bot. 92: 445-458.

Bernhardt, P. [et al. 2013], Meier, R., & Vance, N. 2013. Pollination ecology and floral function of Brown's peony (Paeonia brownii) in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. J. Pollin. Ecol. 11: 9-20.

Berry, E. [et al. 2018], Sharma, S. K., Pandit, M. K., & Geeta, R. 2018. Evolutionary correlation between floral monosymmetry and corolla pigmentation patterns in Rhododendron. Plant Syst. Evol. 304: 219-230.

Berry, F., & Kress, J. 1991. Heliconia: An Identification Guide. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Berry, K. 2019. Linking fern foliage with spores at the K-Pg boundary section in the Sugarite coal zone, New Mexico, USA, while questioning the orthodoxy of the global pattern of plant succession across the K-Pg boundary. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 291: 159-169.

Berry, J. A. [et al. 2010], Beerling, D. J., & Franks, P. J. 2010. Stomata: Key players in the earth system, past and present. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 13: 232-239.

Berry, K. 2021 [= 2020]. The first plants to recolonize western North America following the Cretacaeous-Paleogene mass extinction event. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 182: 19-27.

Berry, K. 2022. The Paleobiogeography of stenochlaenoid ferns: Using fossils and molecules to investigate macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 183: 268-27.

Berry, P. E. 1989. A systematic revision of Fuchsia section Quelusia (Onagraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 532-584.

Berry, P. E. [et al. 2001], Savolainen, V., Sytsma, K. J., Hall, J. C., & Chase, M. W. 2001. Lissocarpa is sister to Diospyros (Ebenaceae). Kew Bull. 56: 725-729.

Berry, P. E. [et al. 2004]. Hahn, W. J., Sytsma, K. J. Hall, J. C., & Mast, A. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data. American J. Bot. 9: 601-614. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.4.601

Berry, P. E. [et al. 2005], Hipp, A., Wurdack, K. J., van Ee, B., & Riina, R. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics of the giant genus Croton and tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto) using ITS and trnL-trnF sequence data. American J. Bot. 92: 1520-1534.

Bersillon, G. 1955. Recherches sur les Papavéracées: contribution a l'étude du développement des dicotylédones herbacées. Ann. Sci. Naturelles Bot. Sér 11, 16: 225-447, pl. 1-2.

Bertin, C. [et al. 2007], Weston, L. A., Huang, T., Jander, G., Owens, T., Meinwald, J., & Schroeder, F. C. 2007. Grass roots chemistry: meta-Tyrosine, an herbicidal nonprotein amino acid. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 104: 16964-16969.

Bertin, R. I. 1993. Incidence of monoecy and dichogamy in relation to self-fertilization in angiosperms. American J. Bot. 80: 557-560.

Bertin, R. I., & Newman, C. M. 1993. Dichogamy in angiosperms. Bot. Review 59: 112-152.

Bertioli, D. J. [et al. 2009], Moretzsohn, M. C., Madsen, L. H., Sandal, N., Leal-Bertioli, S. C., Guimarães, P. M., Hougaard, B. K., Fredslund J., Schauser L., Nielsen, A. M., Sato, S., Tabata, S., Cannon, S. B., & Stougaard, J. 2009. An analysis of synteny of Arachis with Lotus and Medicago sheds new light on the structure, stability and evolution of legume genomes. BMC Genomics 10:45. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-45

Bertol, N. [et al. 2015], Paniw, M., & Ojeda, F. 2015. Effective prey attraction in the rare Drosophyllum lusitanicum, a fly-paper trap carnivorous plant. American J. Bot. 102: 689-694.

Bertrand, Y. [et al. 2006], Pleijel, F., & Rouse, G. W. 2006. Taxonomic surrogacy in biodiversity assessments, and the meaning of Linnaean ranks. Syst. Biodiv. 4: 149-159.

Besnard, G. [et al. 2009a], de Casas, R. R., Christin, P.-A., & Vargas, P. 2009. Phylogenetics of Olea (Oleaceae) based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences: Tertiary climatic shifts and lineage differentiation times. Ann. Bot. 104: 143-160.

Besnard, G. [et al. 2009b], Muasya, A. M., Russier, F., Roalson, E. H., Salamin, N., & Christin, P.-A. 2009b. Phylogenomics of C₄ photosynthesis in sedges (Cyperaceae): Multiple appearances and genetic convergence. Molec. Biol. Evol. 26: 1909-1919.

Besnard, G. [et al. 2013], Christin, P.-A., Malé, P.-J. G., Coissac, E., Ralimanana, H., & Vorontsova, M. S. 2013. Phylogenomics and taxonomy of Lecomtelleae (Poaceae), an isolated panicoid lineage from Madagascar. Ann. Bot. 112: 1057-1066.

Besnard, G. [et al. 2018], Bianconi, M. E., Hackel, J., Manzi, S., Vorontsova, M. S., & Christin, P.-A. 2018. Herbarium genomics retraces the origins of C₄-specific carbonic anhydrase in Andropogoneae (Poaceae). Bot. Lett. 165: 419-433.

Besseger, C. [et al. 2008a], Hopp, E., & Fortunato, R. H. 2008a. Testing the monophyly of infrageneric taxa within the genus Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) based on cp-DNA sequence data. P. 100, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Besseger, C. [et al. 2008b], Hopp, E., & Fortunato, R. H. 2008b. Toward a phylogeny of Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae): A preliminary analysis of southern South American species based on chloroplast DNA sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 567-579.

Betancourt, Z. [et al. 2023], Soriano, P. J., & Valois-Cuesta, H. 2023. Long- and short-billed hummingbirds as pollinators of Palicourea demissa, a distylous treelet of Neotropical cloud forests. J. Plant Res. 136: 841-852. doi: 10.1007/s10265-023-01492-2

Betekhtina, A. A. [et al. 2023], Tukova, D. E., & Veselkin, D. V. 2023. Root structure syndromes of four families of monocots in the Middle Urals. Plant Divers. 45: 722-731.

Bettarini, I. [et al. 2020], Colzi, I., Gonnelli, C., Pazzagli, L., Reeves, R. D., & Selvi, F. 2020. Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: The paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae). Planta 252:99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03507-x

Betts, M. G. [et al. 2015], Hadley, A. S., & Kress, W. J. 2015. Pollinator recognition by a keystone tropical plant. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 3433-3438.

Bettucci, L., & Tiscornia, S. 2013. Endophytic fungi from Uruguayan native Myrtaceae: Enzymes production, antimicrobial and phytotoxic activity. Internat. J. Sci. 2: 96-103.

Betz, A. [et al. 2024], Bischoff, R., & Petschenka, G. 2024 Late-instar monarch caterpillars sabotage milkweed to acquire toxins, not to disarm plant defence. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 291:20232721. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2721

Beurel, S. [et al. 2024], Bachelier, J. B., Schmidt, A. R., & Sadowski, E. M. 2024. Novel three-dimensional reconstructions of presumed Phylica (Rhamnaceae) from Cretaceous amber suggest Lauralean affinities. Nature Plants https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01592-w

Beurton, C. 1994. Gynoecium and perianth in Zanthoxylum s.l. (Rutaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 189: 165-191.

Beutler, J. A. [et al. 1989], Alvarado-Lindner, A. B., McCloud, T. G., & Cragg, G. M. 1989. Distribution of phorbol ester bioactivity in the Euphorbiaceae. Phytotherapy Res. 3: 188-192.

Beutler, J. A. [et al. 1996], Alvarado-Lindner, A. B., & McCloud, T. G. 1996. Further studies on phorbol ester bioactivity in the Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 53-533.

Bews, J. W. 1927. Studies in the ecological evolution of angiosperms. New Phytol. 26: 1-21, 65-84, 129-148, 209-278, 273-294.

Beyschlag, J., & Zotz, G. 2017. Heteroblasty in epiphytic bromeliads: Functional implications for species in understorey and exposed growing sites. Ann. Bot.

Bezerra, E. L. S. [et al. 2009], Machado, I. C., & Mello, M. A. R. 2009. Pollination networks of oil flowers: A tiny world within the smallest of all worlds. J. Animal Ecol. 78: 1096-1101.

Bhambie, S. [et al. 1977], Joshi, M. C., & Gupta, M. L. 1977. Anatomical studies on certain members of Aizoaceae. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 85B: 399-406.

Bhandari, N. N. 1963. Embryology of Pseudowintera colorata - a vesselless dicotyledon. Phytomorph. 13: 303-316.

Bhandari, N. N. 1966 [= 1967]. Studies in the family Ranunculaceae. IX. Embryology of Adonis Dill. ex Linn.. Phytomorph. 16: 578-587.

Bhandari, N. N., & Asnani, S. 1968. Studies in the family Ranunculaceae XI. Morphology and embryology of Ceratocephalus falcatus Pers.. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 45: 271-290.

Bhandari, N. N., & Venkataraman, R. 1968. Embryology of Drimys winteri. J. Arnold Arb. 49: 509-524.

Bhandari, N. N., & Vohra, S. C. A. 1983. Embryology and affinities of Viscaceae. Pp. 69-86, in Calder, M., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), The Biology of Mistletoes. Academic Press, Sydney.

Bhanwra, R. K. 1988. Embryology in relation to systematics of Gramineae. Ann. Bot. 62: 215-233.

Bhanwra, R. K. [et al. 1991], Kaur, N., & Garg, A. 1991. Embryological studies in some grasses and their taxonomic significance. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 107: 405-419.

Bhanwra, R. K. [et al. 2001], Sharma, M. L., & Vij, S. P. 2001. Comparative embryology of Bambusa tulda Roxb. and Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble (Poaceae: Bambuseae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 135: 113-124.

Bharathan, G., see also Geeta, R.

Bharathan, G. 1996. Does the monocot mode of leaf development characterise all monocots? Aliso 14: 271-279.

Bharathan, G. [et al. 1994], Lambert, G., & Galbraith, D. W. 1994. Nuclear DNA content of monocotyledons and related taxa. American J. Bot. 81: 381-386.

Bharathan, G. [et al. 2001], Raz, L., & Wilkin, P. 2001. The true yams, Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae): Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast nucleotide sequences. P. 154, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Bharathan, G. [et al. 2002], Goliber, T. E., Moore, C., Kessler, S., Pham, T., & Sinha, N. R. 2002. Homologies in leaf form inferred from KNOX1 expression during development. Science 296: 1858-1860.

Bhardwaj, M., & Eckert, C. J. 2001. Functional analysis of synchronous dichogamy in flowering rush, Butomus umbellatus (Butomaceae). American J. Bot. 56: 1374-1387.

Bhargava, H. R. 1934. Contribution to the morphology of Mollugo nudicaulis, Lamk. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B, 1: 271-278.

Bhargava, H. R. 1935. The life-history of Trianthems monogyna L. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B, 2: 49-588.

Bhat, N. A. [et al. 2018], Jeri, L., Roy, D. K. R., & Kumar, Y. 2018. Petrosaviaceae, a new family record for India. Bangladesh J. Plant Tax. 25: 113-117.

Bhatia, H. [et al. 2022], Srivastava, G., &Mehrotra, R. C. 2023 [= 2022]. Legumes from the Paleocene sediments of India and their ecological significance. Plant Diversity 45: 199-210

Bhatnagar, A. S., & Pandey, A. K. 2021. Embryology and systematic position of Corokia A. Cunn. (Argophyllaceae, Asterales). Taiwania 66: 141-159.

Bhatnagar, A. S. [et al. 2023], Koul, M., & Pandey, A. K. 2023. Development of seed and fruit in Bischofia javanica Blume (Phyllanthaceae). Taiwania 68: 51-74.

Bhatnagar, S. P. 1959. Some observations on the post-fertilization development of the embryo sac of Santalum. Phytomorph. 9: 87-91.

Bhatnagar, S. P. 1960. Morphological and embryological studies in the family Santalaceae - IV. Mida salicifolia A. Cunn.. Phytomorph. 10: 198-207.

Bhatnagar, S. P., & Agarawal, S. 1961. Morphological and embryological studies in the family Santalaceae - VI. Thesium L.. Phytomorph. 11: 273-282.

Bhatnagar, S. P., & Johri, B. M. 1983. Embryology of Loranthaceae. Pp. 47-67, in Calder, M., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), The Biology of Misteltoes. Academic Press, Sydney.

Bhatnagar, S. P., & Kapil, R. N. 1982. Seed development in Daphniphyllum with a discussion on taxonomic position of Daphniphyllaceae. Phytomorph. 32: 66-81.

Bhatnagar, S. P., & Sabharwal, G. 1969. Morphology and embryology of Jodina rhombifolia. Beit. Biol. Pfl. 45: 465-479.

Bhatnagar, S. P., & Uma, M. C. 1969. The structure of style and stigma in some Tubiflorae. Phytomorph. 19: 99-109.

Bhide, A. [et al. 2014], Schliesky, S., Reich, M., Weber, APM., & Becker, A. 2014. Analysis of the floral transcriptome of Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae), a member of the sister group to the Brassicaceae: Towards understanding the base of morphological diversity in Brassicales. BMC Genomics 15:140. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-140

Bhosale, R. [et al. 2018], Boudolf, V., Cuevas, F., Lu, R., Eekhout, T., Hu, Z., van Isterdael, G., Lambert, G. M., Xu, F., Nowack, M. K., Smith, R. S., Vercauteren, I., de Rycke, R., Storme, V., Beeckman, T., Larkin, J. C., Kremer, A., Höfte, H., Galbraith, D. W., Kumpf, R. P., Maere, S., & de Veylder, L. 2018. A spatiotemporal DNA endoploidy map of the Arabidopsis root reveals roles for the endocycle in root development and stress adaptation. Plant Cell

Bialic-Murphy, L. [et al. 2024], McElderry, R. M., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., van den Hoogen, J., Zuidema, P. A., Phillips, O. L., Almeida de Oliveira, E., Alvarez Loayza, P., Alvarez-Davila, E., Alves, L. F., Andrade Maia, V., Aparecida Vieira, S., Arantes da Silva, L. C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E., Astigarraga, J., Baccaro, F., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Blancy, L., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bordin, K. M., Brienen, R., Brilhante de Medeiros, M., Camargo, J. L., Carvalho Araújo, F., Castilho, C. V., Castro, W., Chama Moscoso, V., Comiskey, J., Costa, F., Müller, S. C., de Almeida, E. C., da Costa, A. C. L., de Andrade Kamimura, V., de Oliveira, F., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Dexter, K., Di Fiore, A., Duchesne, L., Emílio, T., Farrapo, C. L., Fauset, S., Draper, F. C., Feldpausch, T. R., Flora Ramos, R., Forni Martins, V., Fragomeni Simon, M., Gama Reis, M., Gilberto Manzatto, A., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Honorio Coronado, E., Howe, R., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W. H., Janaina Zanini, K., Joly, C., Killeen, T., Klipel, J., Laurance, S. G., Laurance, W. F., Leite Fontes, M. A., Oviedo, W. L., Magnusson, W. E., Manoel dos Santos, R., Marcelo Peña, J. L., Pedra de Abreu, K. M., Marimon, B., Marimon Junior, B. H., Melgaço, K., Melo Cruz, O. A., Mendoza, C., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Morandi, P. S., Moreira Gianasi, F., Nascimento, H., Nascimento, M., Neill, D., Palacios, W., Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Pardo, G., Pennington, R. T., Peñuela-Mora, M. C., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Prieto Cruz, A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reis, S. M., Restrepo Correa, Z., Rodriguez, C. R., Rudas Lleras, A.,Santos, F. A. M., Scarton Bergamin, R., Schietti, J., Schwartz, G., Serrano, J., Silva-Sene, A. M., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Tobler, M. W., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., van de Meer, P. J., van der Heijden, G., Vasquez, R., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., Wolf, A., Woodall, C. W., Wortel, V., Zwerts, J. A., Pugh, T. A. W., & Crowther, T. W. 2024. The pace of life for forest trees. Science 386: 92-98. doi:10.1126/science.adk9616

Bianchi, G. [et al. 1993], Gamba, A., Limiroli, R., Pozzi, N., Elster, R., Salamini, F., & Bartels, D. 1993. The unusual sugar composition in leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. Physiol. Plant. 87: 223-226.

Bianciotto, V. [et al. 2003], Lumini, E., Bonfante, P., & Vandamme, P. 2003. 'Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum' gen. nov., sp. nov., an endosymbiomnt of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Internat. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 121-124.

Bianconi, G. V. [et al. 2006], Mikich, S. B., Teixeira, S. D., & Maia, B. H. L. N. S. 2007 [= 2006]. Attraction of fruit-eating bats with essential oils of fruits: A potential tool for forest restoration. Biotropica 39: 136-140.

Bianconi, M. E. [et al. 2019], Hackel, J., Vorontsova, M. S., Alberti, A., Arthan, W., Burke, S. V., Duvall, M. R., Kellogg, E. A., Lavergne, S., McKain, M. R., Meunier, A., Osborne, C. P., Traiperm, P., Christin, P.-A., & Besnard, G. 2020 [= 2019]. Continued adaptation of C₄ photosynthesis after an initial burst of changes in the Andropogoneae grasses. Syst. Biol. 69: 445-461.

Bianconi, M. E. [et al. 2020], Dunning, L. T., Curranm E. V., Hidalgo, O., Powell, R. F., Mian, S., Leitch, I. J., Lundgren, M. R., Manzi, S., Vorontsova, M. S., Besnard, G., Osborne, C. P., Oloffson, J. K., &, Christin, P.-A. 2020. Contrasted histories of organelle and nuclear genomes underlying physiological diversification in a grass species. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 287:20201960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1960

Bibi, F., & Cantalapiedra, J. L. 2023. Plio-Pleistocene African megaherbivore losses associated with community biomass restructutring. Science 380: 1076-1080.

Bickner, M. A., & Tomescu, A. M. F. 2019. Structurally complex, yet anatomically plesiomorphic: Permineralized plants from the Emsian of Gaspé (Quebec, Canada) expand the diversity of Early Devonian euphyllophyts. IAWA J. 40: 421-445.

Bidart-Bouzat, M. G., & Kliebenstein, D. J. 2008. Differential levels of insect herbivory in the field associated with genotypic variation in glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Chem. Ecol. 34:1026. doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9498-z pmid:18581178

Bidartondo, M. I. 2005. The evolutionary ecology of myco-heterotrophy. New Phytol. 167: 335-352.

Bidartondo, M. I., & Bruns, T. D. 2001. Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): Widespread phylogenetic and geographic structure. Molec. Ecol. 10: 2285-2295.

Bidartondo, M. I., & Bruns, T. D. 2002. Fine-level mycorrhizal specifity in the Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): Specificity for fungal species groups. Molec. Ecol. 11: 557-569.

Bidartondo, M. I., & Duckett, J. G. 2010 [= 2009]. Conservative ecological and evolutionary patterns in liverwort-fungal symbioses. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 277: 485-492.

Bidartondo, M. I., & Read, D. J. 2008. Fungal specifity bottlenecks during orchid germination and development. Molec. Ecol. 17: 3707-3716.

Bidartondo, M. I. [et al. 2002], Redecker, D., Hijri, I., Wiemken, A., Bruns, T. D., Domínguez, L., Sérsic, A., Leake J. R., & Read, D. J. 2002. Epiparasitic plants specialized on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature 419: 389-392.

Bidartondo, M. I. [et al. 2003], Bruns, T. D., Weiß, M., Sérgio, C., & Read, D. J. 2003. Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 270: 835-842.

Bidartondo, M. I. [et al. 2004], Burghardt, B., Gebauer, G., Bruns, T. D., & Read, D. J. 2004. Changing partners in the dark: Isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 271: 1799-1806.

Bidartondo, M. I. [et al. 2011], Read, D. J., Trappe, J. M., Merckx, V., Ligrone, R., & Duckett, J. G. 2011. The dawn of symbiosis between plants and fungi. Biol Lett. 7: 574-547.

Bidault, E. & van der Burg, W. J. 2019. Novitates Gabonenses 90: Palisota (Commelinaceae) revisited: Description of eight new species from Central Africa and notes on the identity of P. satabiei and P. bogneri. Candollea 74: 169-202.

Biddick, M. [et al. 2018], Hutton, I., & Burns, K. C. 2018. An alternative water transport system in land plants. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 285:20180995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0995

Biddick, M. [et al. 2019], Hendriks, A., & Burns, K. C. 2019. Plants obey (and disobey) the island rule. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 17632-17634.

Biddle, J. A., & Christophel, D. C. 1978 [= 1979]. Intergynoecial development in Tremandraceae. Phytomorph. 28: 411-418.

Bieleski, R. L., & Briggs, B. G. 2005. Taxonomic patterns in the distribution of polyols within the Proteaceae. Australian J. Bot. 53: 205-217.

Bieleski, R. L., & Wilcox, M. D. (eds). 2009. Araucariaceae: Proceedings of the 2002 Araucariaceae Symposium. The International Dendrology Society, Dunedin.

Bierhorst, D. W. 1968. On the Stromatopteridaceae (fam. nov.) and on the Psilotaceae. Phytomorph. 18: 232-268.

Bierhorst, D. W. 1977. The systematic position of Psilotum and Tmesipteris. Brittonia 29: 3-13.

Bierhorst, D. W., & Zamora, P. M. 1965. Primary xylem elements and element associations of angiosperms. American J. Bot. 52: 657-710.

Biesboer, D. D., & Mahlberg, P. G. 1981. Laticifer starch grain morphology and laticifer evolution in Euphorbia (Euphorbiacaeae). Nordic J. Bot. 1: 447-457.

Biffin, E., & Craven, L. 2011. Sorting out Syzygium: Progress and prospects for one of the most species rich of angiosperm genera. P. 327, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Biffin, E., & Lowe, A. 2011. Molecular phylogenetics of Podocarpaceae: Lead evolution, biogeography and the angiosperm radiation. P. 194, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Biffin, E. [et al. 2006], Craven, L. A., Crisp, M. D., & Gadek, P. A. 2006. Molecular systematics of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae): Evidence from the chloroplast genome. Taxon 55: 79-94.

Biffin, E. [et al. 2007], Harrington, M. G., Crisp, M. D., Craven, L. A., & Gadek, P. A. 2007. Structural partitioning, paired-sites models and evolution of the ITS transcript in Syzygium and Myrtaceae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 43: 124-139.

Biffin, E. [et al. 2010a], Lucas, E. J., Craven, L. A., Ribeiro da Costa, I., Harrington, M. G., & Crisp, M. D. 2010a. Evolution of exceptional species richness among lineages of fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae. Ann. Bot. 106: 79-93.

Biffin, E. [et al. 2010b], Hill, R. S., & Lowe, A. J. 2010b. Did kauri (Agathis: Araucariaceae) really survive the Oligocene drowning of New Zealand. Syst. Biol. 59: 594-602.

Biffen, E. [et al. 2011a], Conran, J. G., & Lowe, A. J. 2011a. Podocarp evolution: A molecular phylogenetic perspective. Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 45: 1-20. [Turner, B. L., & Cernusak, L. A. (eds). 2011. Ecology of the Podocarpaceae in Tropical Forests. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.]

Biffin, E. [et al. 2011b], Brodribb, T. J., Hill, R. S., Thomas, P., & Lowe A. J. 2012 [= 2011b]. Leaf evolution in Southern Hemisphere conifers tracks the angiosperm ecological radiation. Proc. R. Soc. B, 279: 341-348, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0559

Biffin, E. [et al. 2018], Barker, W. R. (B.), Wannan, B., & Liang, Y.-S. 2018. The phylogenetic placement of Australian Linderniaceae and implications for generic taxonomy. Australian Syst. Bot. 31: 241-251.

Bigalke, H. 1933. Die Blattspodogramme der Urticaceae und ihre Verwendbarkeit für Systematik. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 21: 1-56, tab. 1-5.

Bigazzi, M. 1984. The occurrence of intranuclear inclusions in the Labiatae, Verbenaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Caryologia 37: 269-292.

Bigazzi, M. 1986. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on fibrillar intranuclear inclusions in the family Campanulaceae. Caryologia 39: 199-210.

Bigazzi, M. 1989a. Utrastructure of nuclear inclusions and the separation of Verbenaceae and Oleaceae (incl. Nyctanthes). Plant Syst. Evol. 163: 1-12.

Bigazzi, M. 1989b. Occurrence, ultrastructure and developmental features of nuclear inclusions in the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae). II. Tubular inclusions. Caryologia 42: 329-343.

Bigazzi, M. 1993. A survey on the intra[nu]clear inclusions in the Schrophulariaceae [sic] and their systematic significance. Nordic J. Bot. 13: 19-31.

Bigazzi, M. 1995. Investigation on occurrence and ultrastructure of the proteinaceous nuclear inclusions (PNIs) in the Bignoniaceae, with special reference to geographic distribution patterns. Caryologia 48: 211-223.

Bigazzi, M., & Selvi, F. 1998. Pollen morphology in the Boragineae (Boraginaceae) in relation to the taxonomy of the tribe. Plant Syst. Evol. 213: 121-151.

Bigazzi, M., & Selvi, F. 1999. Stigma form and surface in the tribe Boragineae (Boraginaceae): Micromorphological diversity, relationships with pollen, and systematic relevance. Canadian J. Bot. 78: 388-408.

Bigelow, N. H. [et al. 2003), Brubaker, L. B., Edwards, M. E., Harrison, S. P., Prentice, I. C., Anderson, P. M., Andreev, A. A., Bartlein, P. J., Christensen, T. R., Cramer, W., Kaplan, J. O., Lozhkin, A. V., Matveyeva, N. V., Murray, D. F., McGuire, A. D., Razzhivin, V. Y., Ritchie, J. C., Smith, B., Walker, D. A., Gajewski, K., Wolf, V., Holmqvist, B. H., Igarashi, Y., Kremenetskii, K., Paus, A., Pisaric, M. F. J., & Volkova, V. S. 2003. Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 1. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and present. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 108, (D19, 8170), 11.

Bignell, D. E. [et al. 2011], Roisin, Y., & Lo, N. (eds). 2011. Biology of Termites, a Modern Synthesis. Ed. 2. Springer.

Bilbao, G. [et al. 2021], Bruneau, A., & Joly, S. 2021. Judge it by its shape: A pollinator-blind approach reveals convergence in petal shape and infers pollination modes in the genus Erythrina. American J. Bot. 108: 1716-1730. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1735

Billings, F. H. 1901. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Samenentwickling. Flora 88: 253-318.

Bills, G. F., & Polishook, J. D. 1994. Microfungi from decaying leaves of Heliconia mariae (Heliconiaceae). Brenesia 41-42: 27-43.

Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P. [et al. 2007], Cardillo, M., Jones, K. E., MacPhee, R. D. E., Beck, R. M. D., Grenyer, R., Price, S. A., Vos, R. A., Gittleman, J. L., & Purvis, A. 2007. The delayed rise of present-day mammals. Nature 446: 507-512.

Binks, R. M. [et al. 2021], Heslewood, M., Wilson, P. G., & Byrne, M. 2022 [= 2021]. Phylogenomic analysis confirms polyphyly of Leptospermum and delineates five major clades that warrant generic recognition. Taxon 71: 348-359.

Bino, R. J. [et al. 1984], Devente, N., & Meeuse, A. D. J. 1984. Entomophily in the dioecious gymnosperm Ephedra aphylla Forsk. (= E. alte C. A. Mey.) with some notes on E. campylopoda C. A. Mey. II. Pollination droplets, nectaries, and nectarial secretion in Ephedra. Proc. Konin. Nederlandse Akad. Wetens. C, 87: 15-24.

Bioinformatics Working Group. 1998 onwards. Flowering Plant Gateway. Version 15 March 2002. Texas A&M University. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/newgate/cronang.htm

Bioinformatics Working Group. 2000 onwards. Vascular Plant Image Gallery. Version 15 March 2002. Texas A&M University. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/gallery.htm

Bippus, A. C. [et al. 2019], Escapa, I. H., Wilf, P., & Tomescu, A, M. F. 2019. Fossil fern rhizomes as a model system for exploring epiphytic community structure across geologic time: Evidence from Patagonia. PeerJ 7:e8244 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8244

Biral, L. [et al. 2017], Simmons, M. P., Smidt, E. C., Tembrock, L. R., Bolson, M., Archer, R. H., & Lombardi, J. A. 2017. Systematics of New World Maytenus (Celastraceae) and a new delimitation of the genus. Syst. Bot. 42: 680-693.

Bir Bahadur. 1968. Heterostyly in Rubiaceae: A review. Osmania University J. Sci. 4: 207-238. [Golden Jubilee Special Volume.]

Birch, A. N. E. [et al. 1989], Simmonds, M. S. J., & Blaney, W. M. 1989. Chemical interactions between bruchids and legumes. Pp. 781-809, in Stirton, C. H., & Zarucchi, J. L. (eds), Advances in Legume Biology. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis. [Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, 29.]

Birch, J. L. 2015. A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132.

Birch, J. L., & Keeley, S. C. 2013. Dispersal pathways across the Pacific: The historical biogeography of Astelia s.l. (Asteliaceae, Asparagales). J. Biogeog. 40: 1914-1927.

Birch, J. L., & Kocyan, A. 2021. Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 163:107203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107203

Birch, J. L. [et al. 2008], Morden, C., & Keeley, S. C. 2008. A preliminary phylogeny of Astelia (Asteliaceae): Implications for identifying pathways of long-distance dispersal in the Pacific. P. 199, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Birch, J. L. [et al. 2009], Keeley, S. C., & Morden, C. W. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships in the Asteliaceae with an emphasis on the genus Astelia. P. 167, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Birch, J. L. [et al. 2011], Morden, C., & Keeley, S. C. 2011. Austral origins and Pacific radiations: The historical biogeography of Astelia s.l. (Asteliaceae). Pp. 293-294, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Birch, J. L. [et al. 2012], Keeley, S. C., & Morden, C. W. 2012. Molecular phylogeny and dating of Asteliaceae (Asparagales): Astelia s.l. evolution provides insight into the Oligocene history of New Zealand. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 65: 102-115.

Birch, J. L. [et al. 2014], Cantrill, D. J., Walsh, N. G., & Murphy, D. J. 2014. Phylogenetic investigation and divergence dating of Poa (Poaceae, tribe Poeae) in the Australasian region. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 175: 523-552.

Birch, W. R. 1981. Morphology of the germinating seeds of the seagrass Halophila spinulosa (R. Br.) Aschers. (Hydrocharitaceae). Aquat. Bot. 11: 79-90.

Bird, D. A. [et al. 2003], Franceschi, V. R., & Faccini, P. J. 2003. A tale of three cell types: Alkaloid biosynthesis is localized to sieve elements in opium poppy. Plant Cell 15: 2626-2635.

Birkeland, S. [et al. 2020], Gustafsson, A. L. S., Brysting, A. K., Brochmann, C., & Nowak, M. D. 2010. Multiple genetic trajectories to extreme abiotic stress adaptation in Brassicaceae. Molec. Biol. Evol. 37: 2052-2068.

Birks, M. J. B. 2020. Angiosperms versus gymnosperms in the Cretaceous. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 117: 30879-30881.

Birky, C. W. Jr. 1995. Uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes: Mechanisms and evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 92: 11331-11338.

Birouste, M. [et al. 2012], Kazakou, E., Blanchard, A., & Roumet, C. 2012. Plant traits and decomposition: Are the relationships for roots comparable to those for leaves. Ann. Bot. 109: 463-472.

Bisalputra, T. 1961. Anatomical and morphological studies in the Chenopodiaceae. II. Vascularization of the seedling. Australian J. Bot. 9: 1-19, pl. 1-6.

Bisalputra, T. 1961. Anatomical and morphological studies in the Chenopodiaceae. III. The primary vascular system and nodal anatomy. Australian J. Bot. 10: 13-24, pl. 1.

Bischof, S. [et al. 2013], Umhang, M., Eicke, S., Streb, S., Qi, W., & Zeeman, S. C. 2013. Cecropia peltata accumulates starch or soluble glycogen by differentially regulating starch biosynthetic genes. Plant Cell 25: 1400-1415.

Bissiengou, P. [et al. 2014a], Sosef, M. S. M., & Chatrou, L. W. 2014a. Phylogeny of the Ochnaceae, with emphasis on the subtribe Ochninae, based on three plastid DNA regions. Pp. 265-283, in Bissiengou, P., Systematics, Evolution, and Historical Biogeography of the Family Ochnaceae, with Emphasis on the Genus Campylospermum. Ph. D. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen.

Bissiengou, P. [et al. 2014b]. Schneider, J. V., Chatrou, L. W., Sosef, M. S. M., Amaral, M. do C. E., & Zizka, G. 2014b. Divergence times and historical biogeography of the pantropical Ochnaceae. Pp. 285-304, in Bissiengou, P., Systematics, Evolution, and Historical Biogeography of the Family Ochnaceae, with Emphasis on the Genus Campylospermum. Ph. D. Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen.

Bissinger, K. [et al. 2014], Khoshravesh, R., Kotrade, J. P., Oakley, J., Sage, T. L., Sage, R. F., Hartmann, H. E. K., & Kadereit, G. 2014. Gisekia (Gisekiaceae) - phylogenetic relationships, biogeography, and ecophysiology of a poorly-known C₄ lineage in the Caryophyllales. American J. Bot. 101: 499-509.

Biswal, D. K. [et al. 2017], Yanthan, S., Konhar, R., & Debnath, M. 2017. Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae with representative Drosera species from Northeast India. F1000Res. https://f1000research.com/articles/6-1454

Biswas, C., & Johri, B. M. 1997. The Gymnosperms. Springer, Berlin.

Biswas, D. [et al. 2020], Biswas, P., Nandy, S., Mukherjee, A., Pandey, D. K., & Dey, A. 2020. Endophytes producing podophyllotoxin from Podophyllum sp. and other plants: A review on isolation, extraction and bottlenecks. South African J. Bot. 134: 303-313.

Bitencourt, C. [et al. 2021], Nürk, N. M., Rapini, A., Fishbein, M., Simöes, A. O., Middleton, D. J., Meve, U., Endress, M. E., & Liede-Schumann, S. 2021. Evolution of dispersal, habit, and pollination in Africa pushed Apocynaceae diversification after the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9:719741. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.719741

Bittencourt, N. S. Jr., & Mariath, J. E. A. 2002. Ovule ontogeny of Tabebuia pulcherrima Sandwith (Bignoniaceae): Megasporogenesisis and integument development. Revista Brasileira Bot. 25: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S010084042002000100013

Bitterlich, M. [et al. 2017], Graefe, J., & Franken, P. 2017. Primary metabolism in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Pp. 217-238, in Martin, F. (ed.), Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken.

Bittleston, L. S. 2018. Commensals of Nepenthes pichers. Pp. 314-332, in Ellison, A. M., & Adamec, L. (eds), Carnivorous Plants. Physiology, Ecology, and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Bittrich, V. 1986. Untersuchungen zu Merkmalbestand, Gliederung und Abgrenzung der Unterfamilie Mesembryanthemoideae (Mesembryanthaceae FENZL). Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 21: 5-116.

Bittrich, V. 1993a. Introduction to Centrospermae. Pp. 13-19, in Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin.

Bittrich, V. 1993b. Achatocarpaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Halophytaceae. Pp. 35-36, 206-236, 320-321, in Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin.

Bittrich, V. 2014 [= 2013]. Erythroxylaceae, Trigoniaceae. Pp. 43-48, 297-301, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Flowering Plants. XI. Flowering Plants: Eudicots. Malpighiales. Springer, Berlin.

Bittrich, V. 2016. Lennoaceae, Phyllonomaceae. Pp. 256-261, 287-290, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Bittrich, V., & Amaral, M. C. E. 1986. Flower morphology and pollination biology of some Clusia species from the Gran Sabana (Venezuela). Kew Bull. 51: 681-694.

Bittrich, V., & Amaral, M. C. E. 1996. Pollination biology of Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 200: 101-110.

Bittrich, V., & Amaral, M. C. E. 2016. Hydroleaceae. Pp.217-220, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Bittrich, V., & Hartmann, H. E. K. 1988. The Aizoaceae - a new approach. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 97: 239-254.

Bittrich, V., & Ihlenfeldt, H.-D. 1984. Morphologie früher Keimungstadien bei Mesembryanthemaceae: Eine Anpassung an aride Umweltbedingungen. Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 19: 123-139.

Bittrich, V., & Kadereit, J. C. 2016. Introduction to the orders and families of uncertain placement in this volume. Pp. 1-18, in Kadereit, J. W., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 14: Flowering Plants: Eudicots - Aquifoliales, Boraginales, Bruniales, Dipsacales, Escalloniales, Garryales, Paracryphiales, Solanales (except Convolvulaceae), Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Vahliaceae. Springer.

Bittrich, V., & Kühn, U. 1993. Nyctaginaceae. Pp. 473-485, in Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin.

Bittrich, V. [et al. 1993], Amaral, M. do C. E., & Mello, G. A. R. 1993. Pollination biology of Ternstroemia laevigata and T. dentata (Theaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 185: 1-6.

Bittrich, V. [et al. 2006], Amaral, M. do C. E., Machado, S. M. F., Zacharias, M. E., & Marsaioli, A. J. 2006. Oils, resins and the pollination biology of the Clusiaceae. Pp. 387-394, in Texeira da Silva, J. A. (ed.), Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology, vol. 4. Global Science Books, Middlesex.

Bittrich, V. [et al. 2013], do Nascimento-Junior, J. E., & Amaral, M. do C. E., & Noguiera, P. C. de L. 2013. The anther oil of Symphonia globulifera L.f. (Clusiaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 49: 131-134.

Bjarnholt, N. [et al. 2008], Rook, F., Motawia, M. S., Cornett, C., Jorgensen, C., Olsen, C. E., Jaroszewski, J. W., Bak, S., & Møller, B. L. 2008. Diversification of an ancient theme: Hydroxynitrile glucosides. Phytochem. 69: 1507-1516.

Bjorå, C. S. [et al. 2008], Kwembeya, E. G., & Nordal, I. 2008. Crinum jasonii (Amaryllidaceae): A new endemic pan species of the Luangwa valley in Zambia with notes on different seed structures in the genus. Kew Bull. 61: 569-577.

Bjorbaekmo, M. F. M. [et al. 2010], Carlsen, T., Brysting, A., Vrålstad, T., Høiland, K., Ugland, K. I., Geml, J., Schumacher, T., & Kauserud, H. 2010. High diversity of root associated fungi in both alpine and arctic Dryas octopetala. BMC Plant. Biol. 10:244.

Bjorholm, S. [et al. 2006], Svenning, J.-C., Baker, W. J., Skov, F., & Balslev, H. 2006. Historical legacies in the geographical diversity patterns of New World palm (Arecaceae) subfamilies. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 151: 113-125.

Björkman, E. 1960. Monotropa hypopitys L. - an epiparasite on tree roots. Physiol. Plant. 13: 308-327.

Bjornstad, I. 1970. Comparative embryology of Asparagoideae-Polygonatae, Liliaceae. Nytt Mag. Bot. 17: 169-207.

Blach-Overgaard, A. [et al. 2013], Kissling, W. D., Dransfield, J., Balslev, H., & Svenning, J.-C. 2013. Multimillion-year climatic effects on palm species diversity in Africa. Ecology 94: 2426-2435.

Blackburn, T. J. [et al. 2013], Olsen, P. E., Bowring, S. A., McLean, N. M., Kent D. V., Puffer, J., McHone, G., Rasbury, E. T., & Et-Touhami, M. 2013. Zircon U-Pb geochronology links the end-Triassic extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. Science 340: 941-945.

Blackmore, S. 1990. Sporoderm homologies and morphogenesis in land plants, with a discussion of Echinops sphaerocephala (Compositae). Plant Syst. Evol. (suppl 5): 1-12.

Blackmore, S., & Barnes, S. H. 1987. Embryophyte spore walls: Origin, development, and homologies. Cladistics 3: 185-195.

Blackmore, S., & Barnes, S. H. 1995. Garside's rule and the microspore tetrads of Grevillea rosmarinifolia A. Cunningham and Dryandra polycephala Bentham (Proteaceae). Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 85: 111-121.

Blackmore, S., & Cannon, M. J. 1983. Palynology and systematics of Morinaceae. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 40: 207-226.

Blackmore S., & Crane P. R. 1998. The evolution of apertures in the spores and pollen grains of embryophytes. Pp. 159-182, in Owens S. J., & Rudall P. J. (eds), Reproductive Biology in Systematics, Conservation, and Economic Botany. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.

Blackmore, S. [et al. 1984], van Helvoort, H. A. M., & Punt, W. 1984. On the terminology, origins and functions of caveate pollen in Compositae. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 43: 293-301.

Blackmore, S. [et al. 1995], Stafford, P., & Persson, V. 1995. Palynology and systematics of Ranunculiflorae. Pp. 71-82, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Blackmore, S. [et al. 2000], Takahashi M., & Uehara K. 2000. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of sporogenesis in pteridophytes. Pp. 109-124, in Harley, M. M., Morton, C. M., & Blackmore, S. (eds.), Pollen and Spores: Morphology and Biology. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/

Blackmore, S. [et al. 2007], Wortley, A. H., Skvarla, J. J., & Rowley, J. R. 2007. Pollen wall development in flowering plants. New Phytol. 174: 483-498.

Blackmore, S. [et al. 2009], Wortley, A. H., Skvarla, J. J., & Robinson, H. 2009. Evolution of pollen in Compositae. Pp. 101-130, in Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. & Bayer, R. J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. I.A.P.T.

Blackmore, S. [et al. 2007], Wortley, A. H., Skvarla, J. J., Gabarayeva, N. I., & Rowley, J. R. 2010. Developmental origins of structural diversity in pollen walls of Compositae. Plant Syst. Evol. 284: 17-32.

Blackmore, S. [et al. 2012], Takahashi, N., Uehara, K., & Wortley, A. H. 2012. Development of megaspores and microspores in Isoetes japonica A. Br. (Lycopodiophyta: Isoetaceae). Grana 51: 84-96. doi:10.1080/00173134.2012.677059

Blackwell, M. 2011. The fungi: 1, 2, 3... 5.1 million species? American J. Bot. 98: 426-438.

Blaimer, B. B. [et al. 2015], Brady, S. G., Schultz, T. R., Lloyd, M. W., Fisher, B. L., & Ward, P. S. 2015. Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: A case study of formicine ants. BMC Evol. Biol. 15:271. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0552-5

Blaimer, B. B. [et al. 2020], Gotzek, D., Brady, S. G., & Buffington, M. L. 2020. Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses re-write the evolution of parasitism within cynipoid wasps. BMC Evol. Biol. 20:155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01716-2

Blake, S., & Fay, J. M. 1997. Seed production by Glibertiodendron dewevrei in the Nouabalé National Park, Congo, and its implications for large mammals. J. Trop. Ecol. 14: 885-891.

Blake, S. T. 1972. Idiospermum (Idiospermaceae), a new genus and family for Calycanthus australiensis. Contrib. Queensland Herb. 12: 1-37.

Blake, S. T. 1977. Allosyncarpia ternata, a new genus and species of Myrtaceae subfamily Leptospermoideae from Northern Australia. Austrobaileya 1: 43-46.

Blake-Mahmud, J., & Struwe, L. 2019. Time for a change: Patterns of sex expression, health and mortality in a sex-changing tree. Ann. Bot. 124: 367-377.

Blake-Mahmud, J., & Struwe, L. 2020. When the going gets tough,the tough turn female: Injury and sex expression in a sex-changing tree. American J. Bot. 107: 339-349.

Blanc, G., & Wolfe, K. H. 2004a. Widespread paleopolyploidy in model plant species inferred from age distributions of duplicate genes. Plant Cell 16: 1667-1678.

Blanc, G., & Wolfe, K. H. 2004b. Functional divergence of duplicated genes formed by polyploidy during Arabidopsis evolution. Plant Cell 16: 1679-1691.

Blanc, G. [et al. 2003], Hokamp, K., & Wolfe, K. H. 2003. A recent polyploidy superimposed on older large-scale duplications in the Arabidopsis genome. Genome Res. 13: 137-144.

Blanc, P. 1986. Edification d'arbres par croissance d'établissement de type monocotylédonien: l'exemple de Chloranthaceae. Pp. 101-123, in Colloque international sur l'arbre, Naturalia Monspeliensia, numéro hors série.

Blanc, P., & Andraos, K. 1983. Remarques sur la dynamique de croissance dans le genre Piper L. (Piperaceae) et les genres affines. Bull. Mus. National Hist. Natur. Paris, Sér. 4, Sect. B, Adansonia 5: 259-282.

Blanc, P., & Andraos, K. 1984. Remarques sur la dynamique de croissance dans le genre Peperomia Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae). Bull. Mus. National Hist. Natur. Paris, Sér. 4, Sect. B, Adansonia 6: 41-56.

Blanco, M. A., & Barboza, G. 2005. Pseudocopulatory pollination in Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) by fungus gnats. Ann. Bot. 95: 763-772.

Blanco, M. A. [et al. 2006], Whitten, W. M., Williams. N. H., &qmp; Koehler, S. 2006. Capillitial extrusion from fruits of Maxillaria nardoides (Orchidaceae: Maxillarinae). Orchids 73: 685-691.

Blanco, M. A. [et al. 2007], Carnevali, G., Whitten, W. M., Singer, R. B., Koehler, S., Williams, N. H., Ojeda, I., Neubig, K. M., & Endara, L. 2007. Generic realignments in Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae). Lankesteria 7: 515-537.

Blanco, M. A. [et al. 2013], Davies, K. L., Stpiczynska, M., Carlsward, B. S., Ionta, G. M., & Gerlach, G. 2013. Floral elaiophores in Lockhartia Hook. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae): Their distribution, diversity and anatomy. Ann. Bot. 112: 1775-1791.

Blanco-Pastor, J. L. [et al. 2012], Vargas, P., & Pfeil, B. E. 2012. Coalescent simulations reveal hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting in Mediterranean Linaria. PLoS ONE 7:e39089. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039089

Blaner, A. [et al. 2014], Schneider, J., & Röser, M. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships in the grass family (Poaceae) based on nuclear single copy locus topoisomerase 6 compared with chloroplast DNA. Syst. Biodivers. 12: 111-124.

Blaner, A. [et al. 2015], Schneider, J., & Röser, M. 2015. A multi-locus analysis of phylogenetic relatiinships within grass subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) inferred from sequences of nuclear single copy gene regions compared with plastid DNA. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 87: 14-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.010

Blankenship, C. I. [et al. 2018], Michels, D. E., Braker, H. E., & Goffredi, S. K. 2018. Diet breadth and exploitation of exotic plants shift the core microbiome of Cephaloleia, a group of tropical herbivorous beetles. PeerJ 6:e4793. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4793

Blarer, A. [et al. 2000], Nickrent, D., Bänziger, H., Endress, P. K., & Qiu, Y.-L. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among genera of the parasitic family Rafflesiaceae s.l. based on nuclear ITS and SSU rDNA, mitochondrial LSU and SSU rDNA, atp1 and matR sequences. American J. Bot. 87(6, suppl.): 171.

Blarer, A. [et al. 2002], Nickrent, D., & Endress, P. K. 2002. Comparative floral anatomy of Apodanthes, Pilostyles, and Berlinianche (Apodanthaceae). P. 9, in Botany 2002: Botany in the Curriculum. [Abstracts, Botanical Society of America, etc., Madison, Wisconsin.]

Blarer, A. [et al. 2004], Nickrent, D., & Endress, P. K. 2004. Comparative floral structure and systematics in Apodanthaceae (Rafflesiales). Plant Syst. Evol. 245: 119-142.

Blaschek, L. [et al. 2022], Murozuka, E., Serk, H., Ménard, D., & Pesquet, E. 2023 [= 2022]. Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 35: 889-909.

Blaser, H. W. 1944. Studies in the morphology of the Cyperaceae. II. The prophyll. American J. Bot. 31: 53-64.

Bläsing, O. E. [et al. 2000], Westhoff, P., & Svensson, P. 2000. Evolution of C₄ phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Flaveria, a conserved serine residue in the carboxy-terminal part of the enzyme is a major determinant for C₄-specific characteristics. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 27917-27923.

Blatrix, R. [et al. 2012a], Djiéto-Lordon, C., Mondolot, L., La Fisca, P., Voglmayr, H., & McKey, D. 2012a. Plant-ants use symbiotic fungi as a food source: New insight into the nutritional ecology of ant-plant interactions. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 279: 3940-3947.

Blatrix, R. [et al. 2012b], Renard, D., Djiéto-Lordon, C., & McKey, D. 2012b. The cost of myrmecophytism: Insights from the allometry of stem secondary growth. Ann. Bot. 110: 943-951.

Blatrix, R. [et al. 2021], Kidyoo, A., Kidyoo, M., Piapukiew, J., Satjarak, A., Paliyavuth, C., Boonchai, W., & McKey, D. 2021. The symbiosis between Philidris ants and the ant-plant Dischidia major includes fungal and algal associates. Symbiosis 83: 305-315.

Blattner, F. R. [et al. 2001], Weising, K., Bänfer, G., Maschwitz, U., & Fiala, B. 2001. Molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships among myrmecophytic Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 19: 331-344.

Blazevic, I. [et al. 2017], Montaut, S., Burcul, F., & Rollin, P. 2017. Glucosinolates: Novel sources and biological potential. Pp. 3-60, in Mérillon, J.-M., & Ramawat, K. G. (eds), Glucosinolates. Springer.

Blazevic, I. [et al. 2019], Montaut, S., Burcul, F., Olsen, C. E., Burow, M., Rollin, P., & Agerbirk, N. 2020 [= 2019]. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. Phytochem. 169:112100. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100

Blazier, J. C. [et al. 2011], Guisinger, M. M., & Jansen, R. K. 2011. Recent loss of plastid-encoded ndh genes within Erodium (Geraniaceae). Plant Molec. Biol. 76: 263-272. doi: 10.1007/s11103-011-9753-5

Blazier, J. C. [et al. 2016a], Ruhlman, T. A., Weng, M.-L., Rehman, S. K., Sabir, J. S. M., & Jansen, R. K. 2016a. Divergence of RNA polymerase α subunits in angioperm plastid genomes is mediated by genomic rearrangement. Sci. Reports 6:24595. doi:10.1038/srep24595

Blazier, J. C. [et al. 2016b], Jansen, R. K., Mower, J. P., Govindu, M., Zhang, J., Weng, M.-L., & Ruhlman, T. A. 2016b. Variable presence of the inverted repeat and plastome stability in Erodium. Ann. Bot. 117: 1209-1220.

Bleeker, P. M. [et al. 2011], Diergaarde, P. J., Ament, K., Schütz, S., Johne, B., Dijkink, J., Hiemstra, H., de Gelder, R., de Both, M. T. J., Sabelis, M. W., Haring, M. A., & Schuurink, R. C. 2011. Tomato-produced 7-epizingiberene and R-curcumene act as repellents to whiteflies. Phytochem. 72:68-73.

Blein, T. [et al. 2008], Pulido, A., Vialette-Guiraud, A., Nikovics, K., Morin, H., Hay, A., Johansen, I. E., Tsiantis, M., & Laufs, P. 2008. A conserved molecular framework for comopound leaf development. Science 322: 1835-1839.

Blein, T. [et al. 2010], Hasson, A., & Laufs, P. 2010. Leaf development: What it needs to be complex. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 13: 75-82.

Bleiweiss, R. 1998a. Tempo and mode of hummingbird evolution. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 65: 63-76.

Bleiweiss, R. 1998b. Origin of hummingbird faunas. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 65:77-97.

Blick, R. A. J. [et al. 2012], Burns, K. C., & Moles, A. T. 2012. Predicting network topology of mistletoe-host interactions: Do mistletoes really mimic their hosts? Oikos 121: 761-771.

Bliss, B. J., & Suzuki, J. Y. 2012. Genome size in Anthurium evolved in the context of karyoptypes and phenotypes. AoB Plants 2012:pls006. doi:10.1093/aobpla/pls006

Bliss, B. J. [et al. 2013], Wanke, S., Barakat, A., Ayyampalayam, S., Wickett, N., Wall, P. K., Jiao, Y., Landherr, L., Ralph, P. E., Hu, Y., Neinhuis, C., Leebens-Mack, J., Arumuganathan, K., Clifton, S. W., Maximova, S. N., Ma, H., & dePamphilis, C. W. 2013. Characterization of the basal angiosperm Aristolochia fimbriata: A potential experimental system for genetic studies. BMC Plant Biol. 13:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-13

Bliss, L. C. 1979. Arctic heathlands. Pp. 415-424, in Specht, R.L. (ed.), Heathlands and Related Shrublands. Descriptive Studies. Ecosystems of the World, vol. 9A. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Bloedel, C. A., & Hirsch, A. M. 1979. Developmental studies of the leaves of Sagittaria latifolia and their relationship to the leaf-base theory of monocotyledonous leaf morphology. Canadian J. Bot. 57: 420-434.

Bloembergen, S. 1952. A critical study in the complex-polymorphous genus Schima (Theaceae). Reinwardtia 2: 133-183.

Blomenkemper, P. [et al. 2018], Kerp, H., Abu Hamad, A., DiMichele, W. A., & Bomfleur, B. 2018. A hidden cradle of plant evolution in the Permian tropical lowlands. Science 362: 1414-1416.

Blonder, B. [et al. 2014], Royer, D. L., Johnson, K. R., Miller, I., & Enquist, B. J. 2014. Plant ecological strategies shift across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS Biol. 12(9):e1001949. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001949

Blonder, B. [et al. 2016], Baldwin, B. G., Enquist, B. J., & Robichaux, R. H. 2016. Variation and macroevolution in leaf functional traits in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae). J. Ecol. 104: 219-228.

Blonder, B. [et al. 2018], Salinas, N., Bentley, L. P., Shenkin, A., Porroa, P. O. C., Tejeira, Y. V., Espinoza, T. E. B., Goldsmith, G. R., Enrico, L., Martin, R., Asner, G. P., Díz, S., Enquist, B. J., & Malhi, Y. 2018. Structural and defensive roles of angiosperm leaf venation network reticulation across an Andes-Amazon elevation gradient. J. Ecol. 106: 1683-1699.

Blonder, B. [et al. 2020], Both, S., Jodra, M., Xu, H., Fricker, M., Matos, I. S., Majalap, M., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Teh, Y. A., & Malhi, Y. 2020. Linking functional traits to multiscale statistics of leaf venation networks. New Phytol. 228: 1796-1810.

Blum, M. S. [et al. 1981] Rivier, L., & Plowman, T. 1981. Fate of cocaine in the lymantriid Eloria noyesi, a predator of Erythroxylum coca. Phytochem 20: 2499-2500.

Blunden, G. [et al. 1973], Yi, Y., & Jewers, K. 1973. The comparative leaf anatomy of Agave, Beschorneria, Doryanthes and Furcraea species (Agavaceae: Agaveae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 66: 157-179.

Blunden, G. [et al. 1974], Kyi, A., & Jewers, K. 1974. The comparative stem and root anatomy of Goniothalamus andersonii, G. macrophyllus, G. malayanus and G. velutinus (Annonaceae) from the peat swamps of Sarawak. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 68: 209-225.

Blunden, G. [et al. 1996], Yang, M.-H., Yuan, Z.-X., Smith. B. E., Patel, A. V., Cegarra, J. A., Málthé, L., & Janicsák, G. 1996. Betaine distribution in the Labiatae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 24: 71-81.

Blunden, G. [et al. 1999], Yang, M.-H., Janicsák, G., Málthé, L., & Carabot-Cuervo, A. 1999. Betaine distribution in the Amaranthaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27: 87-92.

Blüthgen, N., & Reifenrath, K. 2003. Extrafloral nectaries in an Australian rainforest: Structure and distribution. Australian J. Bot. 51: 515-527.

Blüthgen, N., & Wesenberg, J. 2001. Ants induce domatia in a rain forest tree (Vochysia vismiaefolia). Biotropica 33: 637-642.

Blüthgen, N. [et al. 2004], Stork, N. E., & Fiedler, K. 2004. Bottom-up control and co-occurrence in complex communities: Honeydew and nectar determine a rainforest ant mosaic. Oikos 106: 344-358.

Blyth, A. 1958. Origin of primary extraxylary stem fibers in dicotyledons. Univ. California Publ. Bot. 30: 145-232, pl. 1-23.

Boas, F. 1913. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Systematik der Simarubaceen. Beitr. Bot. Centralbl. 29(1): 303-356.

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2008a], Savolainen, V., van Wyk, B.-E., Schutte-Vlok, A. L., Forest, F., & van der Bank, M. 2008. Systematic position of the anomalous genus Cadia and the phylogeny of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae). Syst. Bot. 33: 133-147.

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2008b], Le Roux, M. M., Wink, M., Tilney, P. M., & van Wyk, B.-E. 2008b. Systematics of the tribe Crotalarieae and a new generic classification for Lebeckia (Fabaceae). P. 101, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2008c], Le Roux, M. M., Wink, M., Morozova, T., & van Wyk, B.-E. 2008c. Phylogenetic relationships of tribe Crotalarieae (Fabaceae) inferred from DNA sequences and morphology. Syst. Bot. 33: 752-761.

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2009], Tilney, P. M., & van Wyk, B.-E. 2009. The generic concept of Lebeckia (Crotalarieae, Fabaceae): Reinstatement of the genus Calobota and the new genus Wiborgiella. South African J. Bot. 75: 546-556.

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2011], Wink, M., & van Wyk, B.-E. 2011. The generic concept of Lotononis (Crotalarieae, Fabaceae): Reinstatement of the genera Euchlora, Leobordea, and Listia and the new genus Ezoloba. Taxon 60: 1261-177.

Boatwright, J. S. [et al. 2015], Maurin, O., & van der Bank, M. 2015. Phylogenetic position of Madagascan species of Acacia s.l. and new combinations in Senegalia and Vachellia (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Acacieae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 288-294.

Boaventura, M. G. [et al. 2021] Villamil, N., Teixido, A. L., Tito, R., Vasconcelos, H. L., Silveira, F. A. O., & Cornelissen, T. 2022 [= 2021]. Revisiting florivory: An integrative review and global patterns of a neglected interaction. New Phytol. 233: 132-144.

Boblenz, K. [et al. 1990], Nothnagel, T., & Metzlaff, N. 1990. Paternal inheritance of plastids in the genus Daucus. Molec. General Genetics 220: 489-491.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C., & Melikian, A. P. 2006. A new class of coniferophytes and its system based on the structure of the female reproductive organs. Komarovia 4: 47-115.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 1999], Melikian, A. P., & Yembaturova, E. Y. 1999. Seed morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of Phyllocladus L. C. & A. Rich. ex Mirb. (Phyllocladaceae (Pilg.) Bessey) in connection with the generic system and phylogeny. Ann. Bot. 83: 601-618.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2005], Endress, P. K., Melikian, A. P., Romanov, M. S., Sorokin, A. N., & Bejerano, A. P. 2005. Fruit structure of Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 148: 265-274.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2009], Melikian, A. P., & Romanov, M. S. 2009. Morphogeny of Fruits in Magnoliophyta. Moscow. [In Russian.]

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2012a], Dransfield, J., Romanov, M. S., & Romanova, E. S. 2012a. Gynoecium and fruit histology and development in Eugeissona (Calamoideae: Arecaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 168: 377-394.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2012b], Lorence, D. H., Romanov, M. S., & Romanova, E. S. 2012b. Fruit development and pericarp structure in Nypa fruticans Wurmb (Arecaceae): A comparison with other palms. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 751-766.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2017a], Romanov, M. S., Zdravchev, N. S., & Endress, P. K. 2017a. Fruit structure and development in Eupomatiaceae and comparison of fruit histology with other Magnoliales and with Laurales. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 185: 129-146.

Bobrov, A. V. F. C. [et al. 2017b], Iurmanov, A. A., & Lorence, D. 2017b. Phylogenetic biogeography of the family Monimiaceae. GES J. 11: 16-26.

Bocherens, H. [et al. 1993], Friis, E. M., Mariotti, A., & Pedersen, K. R. 1993. Carbon isotope abundance in Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil plants: Palaeoecological implications. Lethaia 26: 347-358.

Bochorny, T. [et al. 2019], Michelangeli, F. A., Almeda, F., & Goldenberg, R. 2019. Phylogenetics, morphology and circumscription of Cambessedesieae: A new Neotropical tribe of Melastomataceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 190: 281-302.

Bochorny, T. [et al. 2022], Bacci, L. F., Michelangeli, F. A., Almeda, F., & Goldenberg, R. 2022. Systematics and evolution of tribe Pyramieae. Pp. 359-371, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A., & Almeda, F. 2022 (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Bock, R. 2010. The give-and-take of DNA: Horizontal gene transfer in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 15: 11-22.

Boddy, L., & Watkinson, S. C. 1995. Wood decomposition, higher fungi, and their role in nutrient redistribution. Canadian J. Bot. 73: S1377-S1383.

Bodnar, J., & Escapa, I. H. 2016. Towards a whole plant reconstruction for Austrohamia (Cupressaceae): New fossil wood from the Lower Jurassic of Argentina. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 234: 186-197.

Boeckler, G. A. [et al. 2011], Gershenzon, J., & Unsicker, S. P. 2011. Phenolic glycosides of the Salicaceae and their role as anti-herbivore defenses. Phytochem. 72: 1497-1509.

Boelter, C. R. [et al. 2014], Dambros, C. S., Nascimento, H. E. M., & Zartman, C. E. 2014. A tangled web in tropical tree-tops: Effects of edaphic variation, neighbourhood phorophyte composition and bark characteristics on epiphytes in a central Amazonian forest. J. Veget. Sci. 25: 1090-1099. doi: 10.1111/jvs.12154.

Boerjan, W. [et al. 2003], Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. 2003. Lignin biosynthesis. Annual Review Plant Biol. 54: 519-546.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1977. Development of ovule and testa in Rutaceae I: Ruta, Zanthoxylum, and Skimmia. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 26: 193-211.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1978. Development of ovule and testa in Rutaceae III. Some representatives of the Aurantioideae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 27: 341-354.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1980a. Development of ovule and testa of Linum usitatissimum L.. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 29: 17-32.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1980b. Development of Ovule and Seed Coat in the Rutales-Geraniales Assembly. Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam. [Esp. pp. 1-VI, 98-111.]

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1980c. Development of ovule and seed coat of Erythroxylum coca Lamk. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 29: 231-241.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1984. Ovule and seed structure in Datiscaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 33: 419-429.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1985a. The ovules and seed of Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) St. Hil.. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 34: 183-191.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1985b. Development of ovule and seedcoat in Averrhoa (Oxalidaceae) with some notes on related genera. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 34: 413-424.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1987. Ovules and seeds of Trigoniaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 36: 81-91.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1988. The seed structure and taxonomic relationships of Hypseocharis Remy. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 37: 111-120.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1989. Ovule and seed development in Droseraceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 38: 295-311.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1990. Ovule and seed development of Tovaria pendula Ruiz & Pavon. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 111: 389-401.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1994. Ovules and seed characters of Balanites aegyptiaca and the classification of the Linales-Geraniales-Polygalales assembly. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 43: 15-25.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1997. Seed structure and phylogenetic relationships of the Geraniales. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 119: 277-291.

Boesewinkel, F. D. 1999. Ovules and seeds of Tremandraceae. Australian J. Bot. 47: 769-781.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Been, W. 1979. Development of the ovule and testa of Geranium pratense L. and some other representatives of the Geraniaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 28: 335-348.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1967. Integument initiation in Juglans and Pterocarya. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 16: 86-101.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1978. Development of ovule and testa in Rutaceae II: The unitegmic and pachychalazal seed of Glycosmis cf. arborea (Roxb.) D.C.. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 27: 69-78.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1980. Development of ovule and seed-coat of Dichapetalum mombuttense Engl. with notes on other species. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 29: 103-115.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1984. The seed: Structure. Pp. 567-646, in Johri, B. M. (ed.), Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer, Berlin.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1991. The development of bi- and unitegmic ovules and seeds in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 113: 87-104.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Bouman, F. 1997. Ovules and seeds of Dirachma socotrana (Dirachmaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 205: 195-204.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & de Lange, A. 1983. Development of ovule and seed in Begonia squamulosa Hook. f.. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 32: 417-425.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Geenen, J. 1980. Development of ovule and seed-coat of Erythroxylum coca Lamk. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 29: 231-241.

Boesewinkel, F. D., & Venturelli, M. 1987. Ovule and seed structure in Vochysiaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 108: 547-566.

Boeshore, I. 1920. The morphological continuity of the Scrophulariaceae and Orobanchaceae. Contrib. Bot. Lab. Univ. Pennsylvania 5: 139-177, pl. 12-16.

Bog, M. [et al. 2019], Appenroth, K.-J., & Sree, K. S. 2019. Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Its molecular taxonomy. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00117

Bogacheva, K. [et al. 2014], Kozuharova, E., & KJostov, K. 2014. Haberlea rhodopensis and its relatives on the Balkans - what do we know about these peculiar Gesneriaceae members of [sic] so far? OT Syst. Bot. Derg./Herb J. Syst. Bot. 20: 119-150.

Bogarín, D. [et al. 2018], Fernández, M., Borkent, A., Heemskerk, A., Pupulin, F., Ramírez, S., Smets, E., & Gravendeel, B. 2018. Pollination of Trichosalpinx (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) by biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 186: 510-543.

Bogdanova, V. S. [et al. 2021], Shatskaya, N. V., Mglinets, A. V., Kosterin, O. E., & Vasiliev, G. V. 2021. Discordant evolution in organellar genomes in peas (Pisum L.). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 160:107136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107136

Bogdziewicz, M. [et al. 2019], Zywiec, M., Espelta, J. M., Fernández-Martinez, M., Calama, R., Ledwon, M., McIntire, E., & Crone, E. E. 2019. Environmental veto synchronizes mast seeding in four contrasting tree species. American Natural. 194: 246-259.

Bogdziewicz, M. [et al. 2020], Szymkowiak, J., Tanentzap, A. J., Calama, R., Marino, S., Steele, M. A., Seget, B., Piechnik, L., & Zywiec, J. 2021 [= 2020]. Seed predation selects for reproductive variability and synchrony in perennial plants. New Phytol. 229: 2357-2364.

Bogdziewicz, M. [et al. 2021], Hacket-Pain, A., Ascoli, D., & Szymkowiak, J. 2021. Environmental variation drives continental-scale synchrony of European beech reproduction. Ecology 102(7):e03384. 10.1002/ecy.3384

Bogdziewicz, M. [et al. 2023], Calama, R., Courbaud, B., Espelta, J. M., Hacket-Pain, A., Journé, V., Kunstler, G., Steele, M., Qiu, T., Zywiec, M., & Clark, J. S. 2023. How to measure mast seeding? New Phytol. 239: 830-838.

Boggs, C. L. [et al. 1981], Smiley, J. T., & Gilbert, L. E. 1981. Patterns of pollen exploitation by Heliconius butterflies. Oecologia 48: 284-289.

Bogle, A. L. 1969. The genera of the Portulacaceae and Basellaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 566-598.

Bogle, A. L. 1970. The genera of the Molluginaceae and Aizoaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 431-462.

Bogle, A. L. 1986. The floral morphology and vascular anatomy of the Hamamelidaceae subfamily Liquidambaroideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: 325-347.

Bogler, D. J. 1998. Nolinaceae. Pp. 392-396, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. III. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Bogler, D. J., & Francisco-Ortega, J. 2004. Molecular systematic studies in Cycads: Evidence from trnL intron and ITS2 rDNA sequences. Bot. Review 70: 260-273.

Bogler, D. J., & Simpson, B. B. 1996. Phylogeny of Agavaceae based on ITS rDNA sequence variation. American J. Bot. 83: 1225-1235.

Bogler, D. J. [et al. 1995], Neff, J. L., & Simpson, B. B. 1995. Multiple origins of the yucca-yucca moth association. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 92: 6864-6867.

Bogler, D. J. [et al. 2006], Pires, J. C., & Francisco-Ortega, J. 2006. Phylogeny of Agavaceae based on ndhF, rbcL, and ITS sequences: Implications of molecular data for classification. Pp. 313-328, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 313-328.]

Bogner, J. 2009. The free-floating aroids (Araceae) - living and fossil. Zitteliana ser. A, 48/49: 113-128.

Bogner, J. 2011. Acoraceae. Pp. 1-13, in Noteboom, H. P. (ed.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 20. Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden.

Bogner, J., & Hesse, M. 2005. Zamioculcadoideae, a new subfamily of Araceae. Aroideana 28: 3-20.

Bogner, J., & Mayo, S. J. 1998. Acoraceae. Pp. 7-10, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Bogner, J., & Petersen, G. 2007. The chromosome numbers of the aroid genera. Aroideana 30: 82-90.

Bogner, J. [et al. 2005], Hoffman, G., & Aulenback, K. R. 2005. A fossilized aroid infructescence, Albertarum pueri gen. et sp. nov., of Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) age from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Canadian J. Bot. 83: 591-598.

Bogner, J. [et al. 2007], Johnson, K. R., Kvacek, Z, & Upchurch. G. R., Jr. 2007. New fossil leaves of Araceae from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of western North America. Zitteliana A47: 133-147.

Bogner, J. [et al. 2011], Hoffman, G. L., & Aulenback, K. R. 2005. A fossilized aroid infructescence, Albertarum pueri gen. nov et sp. nov., of Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian) age from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Canadian J. Bot. 83: 591-598.

Bogotá-Ángel, G. [et al. 2021], Huang, H., Jardine, P. E., Chazot, N., Salamanca, S., Banks, H., Pardo-Trujillo, A., Plata, A., Dueñas, H., Star, W., Langelaan, R., Eisawi, A., Umeji, O. P., Enuenwemba, L. O., Parmar, S., da Silveira, R. R., Lim, J. Y., Prasad, V., Morley, R. J., Bacon, C. D., & Hoorn, C. 2021. Climate and geological change as drivers of Mauritiinae palm biogeography. J. Biogeog. 48: 1001-1022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14098

Böhle, U.-R. [et al. 1996], Hilger, H. H., & Martin, W. F. 1996. Island colonization and evolution of the insular woody habit in Echium L. (Boraginaceae). Proc. National Acad. Sci. 93: 11740-11745.

Bohley, K. [et al. 2015], Joos, O., Hartmann, H., Sage, R., Liede-Schumann, S., & Kadereit, G. 2015. Phylogeny of Sesuvioideae (Aizoaceae) - biogeography, leaf anatomy and the evolution of C₄ photosynthesis. Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 17: 116-130.

Bohley, K. [et al. 2017], Winter, P. J. D., & Kadereit, G. 2017. A revision of Sesuvium Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae). Syst. Bot. 42: 124-147.

Bohlmann, F. [et al. 1973], Burkhardt, T., & Zdero, C. 1973. Naturally Occuring Acetylenes. Academic Press, London.

Bohlmann, J. [et al. 1998], Meyer-Gauen, G., & Croteau, R. 1998. Plant terpenoid synthases: Molecular biology and phylogenetic analysis. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 95: 4126-4133.

Bohm, B. A. 1988. The minor flavonoids. Pp. 329-388, in J. B. Harborne (ed.), The Flavonoids: Advances in Research since 1980. Chapman and Hall, London.

Bohm, B. A. 1998. Introduction to Flavonoids. Harwood, Australia.

Bohm, B. A., & Chan, J. 1992. Flavonoids and affinities of Greyiaceae with a discussion of the occurrence of B-ring deoxyflavonoids in dicotyledonous families. Syst. Bot. 17: 272-281.

Bohm, B. A., & Stuessy, T. F. 2001. Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae). Springer, Vienna.

Bohm, B. A. [et al. 1985], Nicholls, K. W., & Bhat, U. G. 1985. Flavonoids of the Hydrangeaceae Dumortier. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 13: 441-445.

Bohm, B. A. [et al. 1986], Donevan, L. S., & Bhat, U. G. 1986. Flavonoids of some species of Bergenia, Francoa, Parnassia and Lepuropetalon. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 14: 75-77.

Bohm, B. A. [et al. 1999], Yang, J. Y., Page, J. E., & Soltis, D. S. 1999. Flavonoids, DNA and relationships of Itea and Pterostemon. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27: 79-83.

Böhm, J. [et al. 2016a], Scherzer, S., Krol, E., Kreuzer, I., von Meyer, K., Lorey, C., Mueller, T. D., Shabala, L., Monte, I., Solano, R., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Rennenberg, H., Shabala, S., Neher, E., & Hedrich, R. 2016a. The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey-induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake. Curr. Biol. http:dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.057

Böhm, J. [et al. 2016b], Scherzer, S., Shabala, S., Krol, E., Neher, E., Mueller, T. D., & Hedrich, R. 2016b. Venus flytrap HKT1-type channel provides for prey sodium uptake into carnivorous plant without conflicting with electrical excitability. Molec. Plant 9: 428-436.

Bohman, B. [et al. 2016], Flemmati, G. R., Barrow, R. A., Pichersky, E., & Peakall, R. 2016. Pollination by sexual deception — it takes chemistry to work. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 32: 37-46.

Böhme, S. 1998. Bromelienstudien III. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu Bau, Lage und systematischer Verwertbarkeit der Septalnektarien von Bromeliaceen. Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 62: 1-154.

Böhmová, A. [et al. 2022], Leong-Škornicková, J., Šída, O., Poulsen, A. D., Newman, M. F., & Fér, T. 2023 [= 2022]. Next generation sequencing data show rapid radiation and several long-distance dispersal events in early Costaceae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 179: 107664.

Böhmová, A. [et al. 2022], Leong-Škornicková, J., Šída, O., Poulsen, A. D., Newman, M. F., & Fér, T. 2023 [= 2022]. Next-generation sequencing data show rapid radiation and several long-distance dispersal events in early Costaceae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 179:107664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107664

Bohn, H. F., & Federle, W. 2004. Insect aquaplaning: Nepenthes pitcher plants capture prey with the peristome, a fully wettable water-lubricated anisotropic surface. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 101: 14138-14143.

Bohn, H. F. [et al. 2015], Gunther, F., Fink, S., & Speck, T. 2015. A passionate free climber: Structural development and functional morphology of the adhesive tendrils in Passiflora discophora. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 176: 294-305.

Bühnert, T. [et al. 2023], Neumann, M., Quandt, D., & Weigend, M. 2023. Phylogeny based generic reclassification of Muscari sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic DNA. Taxon 72: 261-27.

Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequence data. Pp. 27-49, in Keating, R. C., Hollowell, V. C., & Croat, T. B. (eds), A Festschrift for William G. D'Arcy: The Legacy of a Taxonomist. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.

Bohs, L. 2007. Phylogeny of the Cyphomandra clade of the genus Solanum (Solanaceae) based on ITS sequence data. Taxon 46: 1012-1026.

Bohs, L. [et al. 2007], Weese, T., Myers, N., Lefgren, V., Thomas, N., van Wagenen, A., & Stern, S. 2007. Zygomorphy and heteranthy in Solanum in a phylogenetic context. Pp. 201-223, in Spooner, D. M., Bohs, L., Giovannoni, J., Olmstead, R. G., & Shibata, D. (eds), Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity. ISHA Section Root and Tuber Crops. [Acta Hortic. 745.]

Bohte, A., & Drinnan, A. 2005a. Floral development and systematic position of Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis (Myrtaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 251: 53-70.

Bohte, A., & Drinnan, A. 2005b. Ontogeny, anatomy and systematic significance of ovular structures in the 'eucalypt group' (Eucalypteae, Myrtaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 255: 17-39.

Boivin, S., & Lepetit, M. 2020. Partner preference in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis and impact on legume inoculation strategies. Pp. 323-348, in Frendo, P., Frugier, F., & Masson-Boivin, C. (eds), Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbioses in Legumes. Academic Press, London. [Adv. Bot. Res. Vol. 94.]

Boke, N. H. 1944. Histogenesis of the leaf and areole in Opuntia cylindrica. American J. Bot. 31: 299-316.

Boke, N. H. 1954. Organogenesis of the vegetative shoot in Pereskia. American J. Bot. 41: 619-637.

Boke, N. H. 1960. Anatomy and development in Solisia. American J. Bot. 47: 59-65.

Boke, N. H. 1964. The cactus gynoecium: A new interpretation. American J. Bot. 51: 598-610.

Boke, N. H. 1968. Structure and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia diaz-romeroana. American J. Bot. 55: 1254-1260.

Boke, N. H. 1980. Developmental morphology and anatomy in Cactaceae. BioScience 30: 605-610.

Bokhari, M. H. 1973. Variation and taxonomic importance of anatomical characters in Limonium. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinbrugh32: 275-290.

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2006a], Tennakoon, K. U., Musselman, L. J., & Maas, E. 2006a. Germination and seedling development of the highly modified root holoparasite Hydnora triceps. P. 92, in Botany 2006. Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2006b], Tennakoon, K. U., Musselman, L. J., & Maas, E. 2006b. The generalist pollination syndrome of the root holoparasite Hydnora africana and a test of a selective insect trapping mechanism. P. 361, in Botany 2006. Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2009a], Maas, E., & Musselman, L. J. 2009. Pollination biology of Hydnora africana Thunb. (Hydnoraceae) in Namibia: Brood site mimicry with insect imprisonment. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 170: 157-163.

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2009b], Maass, E., Tennakoon, K. U., & Musselman, L. J. 2009b. Host-specific germination of the root holoparasite Hydnora triceps (Hydnoraceae). Botany 97: 1250-1254.

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2016], Tennakoon, K. U., Majid, M. bin A., & Cameron, D. D. 2017 [= 2016]. Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in Burmannia coelestis (Burmanniaceae). Plant Species Biol. 32: 74-80.

Bolin, J. F. [et al. 2018], Lupton, D., & Musselman, L. J, 2018. Hydnora arabica (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Arabian Peninsula and a key to Hydnora. Phytotaxa 338: 99-108.

Bolinder, K. [et al. 2012], Alex-Andersson, R., Ickert-Bond, S. M., Ehrlén, J., & Rydin, K. 2012. Cenozoic evolution in Ephedra: Did a shift from biotic to abiotic pollination drive diversification? P. 27, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Bolinder, K. [et al. 2015a], Niklas, K. J., & Rydin, K. 2015a. Aerodynamics and pollen ultrastructure in Ephedra. American J. Bot. 102: 457-470.

Bolinder, K. [et al. 2015b], Norbäck Ivarsson, L., Humphreys, A. M., Ickert-Bond, S. M., Han, F., Hoorn, C., & Rydin, C. 2016 [= 2015b]. Pollen morphology of Ephedra (Gnetales) and its evolutionary implications. Grana 55: 24-51. doi: 10.1080/00173134.2015.1066424

Bolinder, K. [et al. 2016], Humphreys, A. M., Ehrlén, J., Alexandersson, R., Ickert-Bond, S. M., & Rydin, K. 2016. From near extinction to diversification by means of a shift in pollination mechanism in the gymnosperm relict Ephedra (Ephedraceae, Gnetales). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 180: 461-477.

Bolmgren, K., & Eriksson, O. 2005. Fleshy fruits - origins, niche shifts, and diversification. Oikos 109: 255-272.

Bolmgren, K., & Eriksson, O. 2010. Seed mass and the evolution of fleshy fruits in angiosperms. Oikos: 119: 707-718.

Bolot, S. [et al. 2009], Abrouk, M., Masood-Quraishi, U., Stein, N., Messing, J., Feuillet, C., & Salse, J. 2009. The "inner circle" of the cereal genomes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 12: 119-125.

Bolton, C. T., & Stoll, H. M. 2013. Late Miocene threshold response of marine algae to carbon dioxide limitation. Nature 500: 558-561.

Boluda, C. G. [et al. 2022], Christe, C., Naciri, Y., & Gautier, L. 2022. A 638-gene phylogeny supports the recognition of twice as many species in the Malagasy endemic genus Capurodendron (Sapotaceae). Taxon 71: 369-395.

Boluda, C. G. [et al. 2024], Naciri, Y., & Gautier, L. 2024. A phylogenomic reconstruction of the endangered Malagasy tree genus Capurodendron (Sapotaceae) with nine new species and an identification key. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 205: 85-115. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad073

Bombarely, A. [et al. 2016], Moser, M., Amrad, A., Bao, M., Bapaume, L., Barry, C. S., Bliek, M., Boersma, M. R., Borghi, L., Bruggmann, R. M., Bucher, M., D’Agostino, N., Davies, K., Druege, U., Dudareva, N., Egea-Cortines, M., Delledonne, M., Fernandez-Pozo, N., Franken, P., Grandont, L., Heslop-Harrison, J. S., Hintzsche, J., Johns, M., Koes, R., Lv, X., Lyons, E., Malla, D., Martinoia, E., Mattson, N. S., Morel, P., Mueller, L. A., Muhlemann, J. l., Nouri, E., Passeri, V., Pezzotti, M., Qi, Q., Reinhardt, D., Rich, M., Richert-Pöggeler, K. R., Robbins, T. P., Schatz, M. C., Schranz, M. E., Schuurink, R. C., Schwarzacher, T., Spelt, K., Tang, H., Urbanus, S. L., Vandenbussche, M., Vijverberg, K., Villarino, G. H., Warner, R. M., Weiss, J., Yue, Z., Zethof, J., Quattrocchio, F., Sims, T. L., & Kuhlemeier, C. 2016. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida. Nature Plants 2:16074. doi: 10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.74

Bomblies, K. 2020. When everything changes at once: Finding a new normal after genome duplication. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 287:20202154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2154

Bombonato, J. R. [et al. 2020], do Amaral, D. T., Silva, G. A. R., Khan, G., Moraes, E. M., Andrade, S. C. da S., Eaton, D. A. R., Alonso, D. P., Ribolla, P. E. M., Taylor, N., Zappi, D., & Franco, F. F. 2020. The potential of genome-wide RAD sequences for resolving rapid radiations: A case study in Cactaceae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 151:106986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106896

Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2014a], McLoughlin, S., & Vajda, V. 2014a. Fossilized nuclei and chromosomes reveal 180 million years of genomic stasis in royal ferns. Science 343: 1376-1377.

Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2014b/2015], Grimm, G. W., & McLoughlin, S. 2014b. Osmunda pulchella sp. nov. from the Jurassic of Sweden — reconciling molecular and fossil evidence in the phylogeny of Osmundaceae. bioRΧiv doi: 10.1101/005777 = Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2015], Grimm, G. W., & McLoughlin, S. 2015. Osmunda pulchella sp. nov. from the Jurassic of Sweden — reconciling molecular and fossil evidence in the phylogeny of Osmundaceae. BMC Evol. Biol. 15:126. 2015. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0400-7

Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2017], Grimm, G. W., & McLoughlin, S. 2017. The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns) — a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes. PeerJ 5:e3433. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3433

Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2018], Blomenkemper, P., Kerp, H., & McLoughlin, S. 2018. Polar regions of the Mesozoic-Paleogene greenhouse world as refugia for relict plant groups. Pp. 593-611, in Krings, M., Harper, C. J., Cúneo, N. R., & Rothwell, G. W. (eds), Transformative Paleobotany: Papers to Commemorate the Life and Legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Academic Press, London.

Bomfleur, B. [et al. 2023], Hedenäs, L., Friis, E. M., Crane, P. R., Pedersen, K. R., Mendes, M. M., & Kvacek, J. 2023. Fossil mosses from the Early Cretaceous Catefica mesofossil flora, Portugal — a window into the Mesozoic history of bryophytes. Fossil Imprint 79: 103-125.

Bonacorsi, N., & Seago, J. 2014. Anatomy of Ginkgo biloba with emphasis on primary roots. P. 67, in Botany 2014. New Frontiers in Botany. Abstract Book.

Bond, M. [et al. 2015], Tejedor, M. F., Campbell, K. E. Jr, Chornogubsky, L., Novo, N., & Goin, F. 2015. Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys. Nature 520: 538-541.

Bond, W. J. 1989. The tortoise and the hare: Ecology of angiosperm dominance and gymnosperm persistence. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 36: 227-249.

Bond, W. J. 2008. What limits trees in C₄ grasslands and savannas? Ann. Review Ecol. Evol. Syst. 39: 641-659.

Bond, W. J. 2015. Fires in the Cenozoic: A late flowering of flammable ecosystems. Front. Plant Sci. 5: 749. doi.: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00749

Bond, W. J. [et al. 2008], Silander, J. A., Jr., Ranaivonasy, J., & Ratsirarson, J. 2008. The antiquity of Madagascar's grasslands and the rise of C₄ grassy biomes. J. Biogeog. 35: 1743-1758.

Bond, W. J. 2016a. Ancient grasslands at risk. Science 351: 120-122. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5132. See also DeWitt, S. [et al. 2016], Anderson, J., Kumar, C., Laestadius, L., Maginnis, S., Minnemeyer, S., Potapov, P. V., Reytar, K., & Saint-Laurent, C. 2016. Seeing the grassland through the trees. Science 351: 1036, and Bond, W. 2016b. Response. Science 351: 1036-1037.

Bond, W. J., & Midgley, G. F. 2000. A proposed CO₂-controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands and savannas. Global Change Biol. 6: 865-869.

Bond, W. J., & Midgley J. J. 1995. Kill thy neighbor: An individualistic argument for the evolution of flammability. Oikos 73: 79-85.

Bond, W. J., & Midgley J. J. 2012. Fire and the angiosperm revolutions. Internat. J. Pl. Sci. 173: 569-583.

Bond, W. J., & Scott, A. C. 2010. Fire and the spread of flowering plants in the Cretaceous. New Phytol. 188: 1137-1150.

Bond, W. J. [et al. 1991], Yeaton, R., & Stock, W. D. 1991. Myrmecochory in Cape fynbos. Pp. 448-462, in Huxley, C. R., & Cutler, D. F. (eds), Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Bond, W. J. [et al. 2003a], Midgley, G. F., & Woodward, F. I. 2003a. The importance of low atmospheric CO₂ and fire in promoting the spread of grasslands and savannas. Global Change Biol. 9: 973-982.

Bond, W. J. [et al. 2003b], Midgley, G. F., & Woodward, F. I. 2003b. What controls South African vegetation - climate or fire? South African J. Bot. 69: 79-91.

Bond, W. J. [et al. 2005], Woodward, F. I., & Midgley, G. F. 2005. The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire. New Phytol. 165: 525-538.

Bonde, S. D. 2000. Rhodospathodendron tomlinsonii gen et sp. nov., an araceous viny axis from the Nawargaon Intertrappean beds in India. Palaeobotanist 49: 85-92.

Bondeson, W. E. 1986. Gynoecial morphology and funicular germination plugs in the Nolanaceae. Nordic J. Bot. 6: 183-198.

Bone, R. E. [et al. 2012], Strijk, J. S., Fritsch, P. W., Buerki, S., Strasberg, D., Thébaud, C., & Hodkinson, T. R. 2012. Phylogenetic inference of Badula Juss. (Primulaceae), a rare and threatened genus endemic to the Mascarene archipelago. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 169: 284-296.

Bone, R. E. [et al. 2015a], Cribb, P. J., & Buerki, S. 2015a. Phylogenetics of Eulophiinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): Evolutionary patterns and implications for generic delimitation. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 43-56.

Bone, R. E. [et al. 2015b], Smith, J. A. C., Arrigo, N., & Buerki, S. 2015b. A macro-ecological perspective on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis evolution in Afro-Madagascan drylands: Eulophiinae orchids as a case study. New Phytol. 208: 469-481.

Bones, A. M., & Rossiter, J. T. 2006. The enzymic and chemically induced decomposition of glucosinolates. Phytochem. 67: 1053-1067.

Bonfante, P., & Anca, I.-A. 2009. Plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and bacteria: A network of interactions. Annual Review Microbiol. 63: 363-383.

Bonfante, P., & Genre, A. 2010. Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant-fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Nature Communic. 1:48. doi/10.1038/ncomms1046

Bonfante, P., & Selosse, M.-A. 2010. A glimpse into the past of land plants and of their mycorrhizal affairs: From fossils to evo-devo. New Phytol. 186: 267-270.

Bonhomme, V. [et al. 2011], Gounand, I., Alaux, C., Jousselin, E., Barthélémy, D., & Gaume, L. 2011. The plant-ant Camponotus schmitzi helps its carnivorous host-plant Nepenthes bicalcarata to catch its prey. J. Trop. Ecol. 27: 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467410000532

Bonifácio, S. K. V. [et al. 2019], Moura, l. L., Marzinek, J., & De-Paula, O. C. 2019. Comparative embryology of Stifftia and Wunderlichia and implications for its evolution in Asteraceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 189: 169-185.

Bonifácio, S. K. V. [et al. 2021], de Almeida, R. F., Amorim, A. M., & Oliveira, D. M. T. 2021. Floral synorganization in acmantheroid clade suggests hypotheses to explain elaiophore suppression in Malpighiaceae. Flora 281:151870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151870

Bonifácio, S. K. V. [et al. 2023], Amorim, A. M., & Oliveira, D. M. T. 2023. Floral anatomy points to autogamy as a possible evolutionary path in Elatinaceae (Malpighiales). Plant Syst. Evol. 309:34. https:..doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01872-0

Bonis, N. R., & Kürschner, W. M. 2012. Vegetation history, diversification patterns, and climate change across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. Paleobiol. 38: 240-264.

Bonito, G. [et al. 2013], Smith, M. E. , Nowak, M., Healy, R. A., Guevara, G., Cázares, E., Kinoshita, A., Nouhra, E. R., Domínguez, L. S., Tedersoo, L., Murat, C., Wang, Y., Moreno, B. A., Pfister, D. H., Nara, K., Zambonelli, A., Trappe, J. M., & Vilgalys, R. 2013. Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and its newly identified sister lineage. PLoS ONE 8(1):e52765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052765

Bonnett, G. D. [et al. 1997], Sims, I. M., Simpson, R. J., & Cairns, A. J. 1997. Structural diversity of fructan in relation to the taxonomy of Poaceae. New Phytol. 136: 11-17.

Bonnier, G. 1879. Les Nectaires. Études critique, anatomique et physiologique. Ann. Sci. Natur. Bot. Sér. 6, 8: 5-212, pl. 1-8.

Bonsen, K. J., & ter Welle, B. J. H. 1983. Comparative wood and leaf anatomy of the Cecropiaceae (Urticales). Bull. Mus. National Hist. Natur. Paris, Sér. 4, Sect. B, Adansonia 5: 151-177.

Bonsen, K. J., & ter Welle, B. J. H. 1984. Systematic wood anatomy and affinities of the Urticaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 105: 49-71.

Bontemps, C. [et al. 2010], Elliott, G. N., Simon, M. F., Dos Reis, F. B. Jr., Gross, E., Lawton, R. C., Neto, N. E., Loureiro, M. de F., de Faria, S. M., Sprent, J. I., James, E. K., & Young, J. P. W. 2010. Burkholderia species are ancient symbionts of legumes. Molec. Ecol. 19: 44-52.

Boom, A. F. [et al. 2021], Migliore, J., Kaymak, E., Meerts, P., & Hardy, O. J. 2021. Plastid introgression and evolution of African miombo woodlands: New insights from the plastome-based phylogeny of Brachystegia trees. J. Biogeog. 48: 933-946.

Boom, A. F. [et al. 2024], Migliore, J., Ojeda Alayon, D. I., Kaymak, E., & Hardy, O. J. 2024. Phylogenomics of Brachystegia: Insights into the origin of African miombo woodlands. American J. Bot. 111(6):e16352. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16352

Boonchai, N., & Manchester, S. R. 2012. Systematic affinities of Early Eocene petrified woods from Big Sandy reservoir, southwestern Wyoming. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 209-227.

Boonman, C. C. F. [et al. 2019], van Langevelde, F., Oliveiras, I., Couédon, J., Luijken, N., Martini, D., & Veenendaal, E. M. 2020 [= 2019]. On the importance of root traits in seedlings of tropical tree species. New Phytol. 227: 156-167.

Boot, K. J. M. [et al. 2012], Libbenga, K. R., Hille, S. C., Offringa, R., & van Duijn, R. 2012. Polar auxin transport: An early invention. J. Experim. Bot. 63: 4213-4218.

Booth, T. H. 2017. Going nowhere fast: A review of seed dispersal in eucalypts. Australian J. Bot. 65: 401-410.

Bopp, M., & Capesius, I. 1998. A molecular approach to bryophyte systematics. Pp. 79-88, in Bates, J. W., Ashton, N. W., & Duckett, J. G. (eds), Bryology for the Twenty-First Century. British Bryological Society, Leeds.

Boppré, M. 1986. Insects pharmacophagously utilizing defensive plant chemicals (pyrrolizidine alkaloids). Naturwiss. 73: 17-26.

Boppré, M. 2005. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Apocynaceae. P. 398, in XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, Europe. [Abstracts.]

Bor, J., & Bouman, F. 1974. Development of ovule and integuments in Euphorbia milii and Codiaeum variegatum. Phytomorph. 24: 280-296.

Bor, J., & Kapil, R. N. 1975 Euphorbia gemiculata - ovule to seed. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 24: 257-268.

Boraginales Working Group = Luebert et al. (2016a).

Borba, E. L. [et al. 2011], Barbosa, A, R., de Melo, M. C., Gontijo S. L., & de Oliveira, H. O. 2011. Mating systems in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Evolutionary and systematic implications. Lankasteriana 11: 207-221.

Bordbar, F. [et al. 2022], Mirtadzadini, M., & Razafimandimbison, S. 2022. Phylogenetic re-assessment of the delimitation of Plocama and its species relationships and limits (Rubiaceae, Putorieae): Resurrection of the monospecific genus Aitchisonia and description of trib. nov. Aitchisonieae. Plant Syst. Evol. 308:7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01799-4

Borchsenius, F. [et al. 2012], Suárez, L. S. S., & Prince, L. M. 2012. Molecular phylogeny and redefined generic limits of Calathea (Marantaceae). Syst. Bot. 37: 620-635.

Bordbar, F. [et al. 2021], Mirtadzadini, M., & Razafimandimbison, S. G. 2022 [= 2021]. Phylogenetic re-assessment of the delimitation of Plocama and its species relationships and limits (Rubiaceae, Putorieae): Resurrection of the monospecific genus Aitchisonia and a description of trib. nov. Aitchisonieae. Plant Syst. Evol. 308:7. 10.1007/s00606-021-01799-4

Bordbar, F. [et al. 2022], Alighialoo, A. S., Adelifar, N., Rezanejad, F., & Mirtadzadini, M. 2022. Leaf anatomical investigations in Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae). Brazilian J. Bot. 45: 729-751.

Bordenstein, S. R., & Theis, K. R. 2015. Host biology in light of the microbiome: Ten principles of holobionts and hologenomes. PLoS Biol. 13(8):e1002226. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002226

Borg, A. J., & Schönenberger, J. 2011. Comparative floral development and structure of the black mangrove genus Avicennia and related taxa in the Acanthaceae. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 172: 330-340.

Borg, A. J. [et al. 2006], McDade, L. A., & Schönenberger, J. 2006. Molecular systematics and patterns of morphological evolution in Thunbergioideae (Acanthaceae). P. 208, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Borg, A. J. [et al. 2008], McDade, L. A., & Schönenberger, J. 2008. Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution of Thunbergioideae (Acanthaceae). Taxon 57: 811-822.

Borg, D. [et al. 2019], Richardson, J. E., Harris, D. J., Gautier, L., Hughes, M., & Mackinder, B. 2019. Phylogeny of two African genera of Sapotaceae - Englerophytum and Synsepalum. Edinburgh J. Bot. 76: 231-267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428619000040

Borgart, S. J., & Nixon, K. C. 2003. A comparative flower and fruit anatomical study of Quercus acutissima, a biennial-fruiting oak from the Cerris group. American J. Bot. 90: 1567-1584.

Borges, L. [et al. 2022a], Inglis, P. W., Simon, M., Ribeiro, P., & de Queiroz, L. P. 2022a. Misleading fruits: The nonmonophyly of Pseudopiptadenia and Pityrocarpa supports generic re-circumscriptions and a new genus within mimosoid legumes. In: Hughes, C. E., de Queiroz, L. P., & Lewis, G. P. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 239-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82275

Borges, L. M. [et al. 2022b], Pastore, J. F. B., Souza, A. F. C., Pirani, J. R., & Simon, M. F. 2022b. Let there be clades: Phylogenetics of Mimosa series Pachycarpae and Setosae (Fabaceae) improves the infrageneric classification of the genus. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 201: 61-79.

Borges, R. L. [et al. 2021], Razafimandimbison, S. G., Roque, N., & Rydin, C. 2021. Phylogeny of the Neotropical element of the Randia clade (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae, Gentianles). Plant Ecol. Evol. 154: 458-469.

Borges, R. M. 2021. Interactions Between figs and gall-inducing fig wasps: Adaptations, constraints, and unanswered questions. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9:685542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.685542

Borghi, M., & Fernie, A. R. 2017. Floral metabolism of sugars and amino acids: Implications for pollinators' preferences and seed and fruit set. Plant Physiol. 175: 1510-1524.

Borin, M. R. de M. B., & Gottlieb, O. R. 1993. Steroids, taxonomic markers? Plant Syst. Evol. 184: 41-76.

Borisjuk, N. [et al. 2014], Chu, P., Gutierrez, R., Zhang, H., Acosta, K., Friesent, N., Sree, K. S., Garcia, C., Appenroth, K. J., & Lam, E. 2015 [= 2014]. Assessment, validation and deployment strategy of a two-barcode protocol for facile genotyping of duckweed species. Plant Biol. 17: 42-49.

Bornstein, A. J. 1991. The Piperaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. Suppl. Ser. 1: 349-366.

Borokini, T. I., & Ayodele, A. E. 2012. Pollen morphology of Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze in Nigeria. African J. Plant Sci. 6: 43-47.

Borowitzka, M. A. [et al. 2006], Lavery, P. S., & van Keulen, M. 2006. Epiphytes of seagrasses. Pp. 441-461, in Larkum, A. W. D., Orth, R. J., & Duarte, C. M. (eds), Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Springer, Dordrecht.

Borrell, B. J. 2005. Long tongues and loose niches: Evolution of euglossine bees and their nectar flowers. Biotropica 37: 664-669.

Borsch, T. 1998. Pollen types in the Amaranthaceae. Morphology and evolutionary significance. Grana 37: 129-142.

Borsch, T., & Barthlott, W. 1998. Structure and evolution of metareticulate pollen. Grana 37: 68-78.

Borsch, T., & Soltis, P. S. 2008. Nymphaeales - the first globally diverse clade? Taxon 57: 1051.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2000], Hilu, K. W., Wilde, V., Neinhuis, C., & Barthlott, W. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of non-coding chloroplast DNA sequences reveals Amborella as basalmost angiosperm. American J. Bot. 87(6, suppl.): 115.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2003], Hilu, K. W., Quandt, D., Wilde, V., Neinhuis, C., & Barthlott, W. 2003. Non-coding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a well resolved phylogeny of basal angiosperms. J. Evol. Biol. 16: 558-576.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2005], Löhne, C., Müller, K., Hilu, K. W., Wanke, S., Worberg, A., Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., & Quandt, D. 2005. Towards understanding basal angiosperm diversification: Recent insights using rapidly evolving genomic regions. Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 92: 85-110.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2007], Hilu, K. W., Wiersema, J. H., Löhne, C., Barthlott, W., & Wilde, V. 2007. Phylogeny of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from substitutions and microstructural changes in the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 639-671.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2008], Löhne, C., & Wiersema, J. H. 2008. Phylogeny and evolutionary patterns in Nymphaeales: Integrating genes, genomes and morphology. Taxon 57: 1052-1081.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2009], Korotkova, N., Raus, T., Lobin, W., & Löhne, C. 2009. The petD group II intron as a species level marker: Utility for tree inference and species identification in the diverse genus Campanula (Campanulaceae). Willdenowia 39: 7-33.

Borsch, T. [et. al. 2012], Löhne, C., Mbaye, M. S., & Wiersma, J. 2012. Towards a complete species tree of Nymphaea: Shedding further light on subgenus Brachyceras and its relationships to the Australian water-lilies. Telopea 13: 193-217.

Borsch, T. [et al. 2018], Flores-Olvera, H., Zumaya, S., & Müller, K. 2018. Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity. Taxon 67: 944-976.

Borsch, T. [et al. 2020], Berendsohn, W., Dalcin, E., Delmas, M., Demissew, S., Elliott, A., Fritsch, P., Fuchs, A., Geltman, D., Güner, A., Haevermans, T., Knapp, S., le Roux, M. M., Loizeau, P.-A., Miller, C., Miller, J., Miller, J. T., Palese, R., Paton, A., Parnell, J., Pendry, C., Qin, H.-M., Sosa, V., Sosef, M., von Raab-Straube, E., Ranwashe, F., Raz, L., Salimov, R., Smets, E., Thiers, B., Thomas, W., Tulig, M., Ulate, W., Ung, V., Watson, M., Wyse Jackson, P., & Zamora, N.. 2020. World Flora Online: Placing taxonomists at the heart of a definitive and comprehensive global resource on the world's plants. Taxon 69: 1311-1341.

Bortenschlager, S. 1967. Vorläufige Mitteilungen zur Pollenmorphologie in der Familie der Geraniaceen und ihre systematische Bedeutung. Grana Palynol. 7: 400-468.

Bortenschlager, S. 1973. Morphologie pollinique des Phytolaccaceae. Pollen et Spores 15: 227-253.

Bortiri, E. [et al. 2001], Oh, S.-H., Jiang, J., Baggett, S., Granger, A., Weeks, C., Buckingham, M., Potter, D., & Parfitt, D. E. 2001. Phylogeny and systematics of Prunus (Rosaceae) as determined by sequence analysis of ITS and trnL-trnF spacer DNA. Syst. Bot. 26: 797-807.

Bortolus, A. [et al. 2019], Adam, P., Adams, J. B., Ainouche, M. L., Ayres, D., Bertness, M. D., Bouma, T. J., Bruno, J. F., Caçador, I., Carlton, J. T., Castillo, J. M., Costa, C. S. B., Davy, A. J., Deegan, L., Duarte, B., Figueroa, E., Gerwein, J., Gray, A. J., Grosholz, E. D., Hacker, S. D., Hughes, A. R., Mateos-Naranjo, E., Mendelssohn, I. A., Morris, J. T., Muñoz-Rodríguez, A. F., Nieva, F. J. J., Levin, L. A., Li, B., Liu, W., Pennings, S. C., Pickart, A., Redondo-Gómez, S., Richardson, D. M., Salmon, A., Schwindt, E., Silliman, B. R., Sotka, E. E., Stace, C., Sytsma, M., Temmerman, S., Turner, R. E., Valiela, I., Weinstein, M. P., & Weis, J. S. 2019. Supporting Spartina: Interdisciplinary perspective shows Spartina as a distinct solid genus. Ecology 100(11):e02863. 10.1002/ecy.2863

Borum, J. [et al. 2006], Pp. , in Larkum, A. W. D., Kendrick, G. A., & Ralph, P. J. (eds), Seagrasses of Australia — Structure, Ecology and Conservation. Springer International, Switzerland.

Borum, J. [et al. 2014], Raun, A. L., Hasler-Sheetal, H., Pedersen, M. Ø., Pedersen, O., & Holmer, M. 2014. Eelgrass fairy rings: Sulfide as inhibiting agent. Marine Biol. 161: 351-358.

Borwein, B. [et al. 1949], Coetsee, M. L., & Krupko, S. 1949. Development of the embryo sac of Restio dodii and Elegia racemosa. J. South African Bot. 15: 1-12, pl. 1-4.

Bos, N. [et al. 2020], Guimaraes, L., Palenzuela, R., Renelies-Hamilton, J., Maccario, L., Silue, S. K., Koné, N. A., & Poulsen, M. 2020. You don't have the guts: A diverse set of fungi survive passage through Macrotermes bellicosus termite guts. BMC Evol. Biol. 20:163. https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-202-01727-z

Bos, J. J. 1998. Dracaenaceae. Pp. 238-240, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. III. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Bosch, J. A. [et al. 2008], Heo, K., Sliwinski, M. K., & Baum, D. A. 2008. An exploration of LEAFY expression in independent evolutionary origins of rosette flowering in Brassicaceae. American J. Bot. 95: 286-293.

Bosela, M. J., & Ewers, F. W. 1997. The mode of origin of root buds and root sprouts in the clonal tree Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae). American J. Bot. 84: 1466-1481.

Bossa‐Castro, A. M. [et al. 2024], Colli-Silva, M., Pirani, J. R., Whitlock, B. A., Morales, L. T., Contreras‐Ortiz, N., Cepeda‐Hernández, M. L., Di Palma, F., Vives, M., & Richardson, J. E. 2024. A phylogenetic framework to study desirable traits in the wild relatives of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae). J. Syst. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.13045

Bossema, I. 1976. Jays and oaks: An eco-ethological study of a symbiosis. Behaviour 70: 1-117.

Bosser, J. 1990. Les sous-espèces de Grevea madagascariensis Baillon (Montiniaceae) à Madagascar et en Afrique. Bull. Mus. National Hist. Naturelle Paris sér 4, sect. B, Adansonia 12: 109-112.

Bossert, S. [et al. 2018], Murray, E. A., Almeida, E. A. B., Brady, S. G., Blaimer, B. B., & Danforth, B. N. 2019 [= 2018]. Combining transcriptomes and ultraconserved elements to illuminate the phylogeny of Apidae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 130: 121-131.

Botânica, M. P., & Angyalossy, V. 2013. Is the secondary thicekening of palms always difffuse? Anais Acad. Brasileira Ciênc. 85: 1461-1472.

Botanicus Digital Library, 2006 onwards. [A source for much older literature.]

Botha, C. E. J. 2005. Interaction of phloem and xylem during phloem loading: Functional symplasmic roles for thin- and thick-walled sieve tubes in monocotyledons. Pp. 115-130, in Holbrook, N. M., & Zwieniecki, M. A. (eds), Vascular Transport in Plants. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Botha, C. E. J. 2013. A tale of two neglected systems - structure and function of the thin- and thick-walled sieve tubes in monocotyledonous leaves. Front. Plant Sci. 4: 297. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00297

Botha, C. E. J., & Evert, R. F. 1978. Observations of preferential feeding by the aphid, Rophalosiphon maidis on abaxial phloem of Cucurbita maxima. Protoplasma 96: 75-80.

Botha, C. E. J. [et al. 1975], Evert, R. F., & Walmsley, R. D. 1975. Observations of the penetration of the phloem in leaves of Nerium oleander (Linn.) by stylets of the aphid, Aphis nerii (B. de F.). Protoplasma 86: 309-319.

Botha, C. E. J. [et al. 1977], Malcolm, S. B., & Evert, R. F. 1977. An investigation of preferential feeding habit in four Asclepiadaceae by the aphid, Aphis nerii B. de F. Protoplasma 92: 1-19.

Botkin, D. B., & Simpson, L. G. 1990. Biomass of the North American boreal forest. Biogeochem. 9: 161-194.

Botnaru, L., & Schenk, J. J. 2019. Staminode evolution in Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae) and its impact on insect visitation rates. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 190: 151-164.

Boto, L. 2010. Horizontal gene transfer in evolution: Facts and challenges. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 277: 819-827.

Bottier, C. 2020. Biochemical composition of Hevea brasiliensis latex: A focus on the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral contents. Adv. Bot. Res. 93: 201-237.

Boualem, A. [et al. 2015], Troadec, C., Camps, C., Lemhemdi, A., Morin, H., Sari, M.-A., Fraenkel-Zagouri, R., Kovalski, I., Dogimont, C., Perl-Treves, R., & Bendahmane, A. 2015. A cucurbit androecy gene reveals how unisexual flowers develop and dioecy emerges. Science 350: 688-691.

Bouchal, J. [et al. 2014], Zetter, R., Grímsson, F., & Denk, T. 2014. Evolutionary trends and ecological differentiation in early Cenozoic Fagaceae of western North America. American J. Bot. 101: 1332-1349.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y., & Hodkinson, T. R. 2011. Savanna biome evolution, climate change and the ecological expansion of C₄ grasses. Pp. 156-175, in Hodkinson, T. R., Jones, M. B., Waldren, S., & Parnell, J. A. N. (eds), Climate Change, Ecology and Systematics. Cambridge University, Cambridge. [Systematics Association Special Volume 78.]

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2008], Salamin, N., Savolainen, V., Forest, F., van der Bank, M., Chase, M. W., & Hodkinson, T. R. 2008. Large multi-gene phylogenetic trees of the grasses (Poaceae): Progress towards complete tribal and generic level sampling. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 47: 488-505.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2009], Verboom, G. A., Hodkinson, T. R., Salamin, N., Francois, O., Chongaile, G. N., & Savolainen, V. 2009. The origins and diversification of C₄ grasses and savanna-adapted ungulates. Global Change Biol. 15: 2397-2417.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2010a], Verboom, G. A., Savolainen, V., & Hodkinson, T. R. 2010a. Biogeography of the grasses (Poaceae): A phylogenetic approach to reveal evolutionary history in geographical space and geological time. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 162: 543-557.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2010b], Maurin, O., Hurter, J., & van der Bank, M. 2010b. The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): An emphasis on African acacias. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 57: 495-508.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2010c], Savolainen, V., & Hodkinson, T. R. 2010c. Diversification of the grasses (Poaceae): A phylogenetic approach to reveal macro-evolutionary patterns. Pp. 451-475, in Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Barfod, A. S., & Davis, J. I. (eds), Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons. Aarhus University Press, Århus.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2014a], Slingsby, J. A., Verboom, G. A., & Bond, W. J. 2014a. Diversification of C₄ grasses (Poaceae) does not coincide with their ecological dominance. American J. Bot. 101: 300-307.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2014b], Muasya, A. M., & Linder, H. P. 2014b. A revised evolutionary history of Poales: Origins and diversification. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 165: 4-16.

Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y. [et al. 2015], Onstein, R. E., Xina, Y., Schwery, O., & Linder, H. P. 2015. On the complexity of triggering evolutionary radiations. New Phytol. 207: 313-326.

Boucher, F. C. [et al. 2011], Thuiller, W., Roquet, C., Douzet, R., Aubert, S., Alvarez, N., & Lavergne, S. 2011. Reconstructing the origins of high-alpine niches and cushion life form in the genus Androsace s.l. (Primulaceae). Evolution 66: 1255-1268.

Boucher, F. C. [et al. 2016a], Zimmermann, N. E., & Conti, E. 2016a. Allopatric speciation with little niche divergence is common among Primulaceae. J. Biogeog. 43: 591-602.

Boucher, F. C. [et al. 2016b], Lavergne, S., Basile, M., & Choler, F. 2016b. Evolution and biogeography of cushion life form in angiosperms. Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 20: 22-31.

Boucher, L. D. [et al. 2003], Manchester, S. R., & Judd, W. S. 2003. An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River formation of Utah and Colorado, U.S.A.. American J. Bot. 90: 1389-1399.

Bouda, M. [et al. 2019], Windt, C. W., McElrone, A. J., & Brodersen, C. R. 2019. In vivo pressure gradient heterogeneity increases flow contribution of small diameter vessels in grapevine. Nature Communic. 10:5645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467

Bouda, M. [et al. 2022], Huggett, B. A., Prats, K. A., Watson, J. W.,, Wilson, J. P., &Brodersen, C. R. 2022. Hydraulic failure as a primary driver of xylem network evolution in early vascular plants Science 378: 642-646.

Bouetard, A. [et al. 2010], Lefeuvre, P., Gigant, R., Bory, S., Pignal, M., Besse, P., & Grisoni, M. 2010. Evidence of transoceanic dispersion of the genus Vanilla based on plastid DNA phylogenetic analysis. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 55: 621-630.

Boufford, D. E. 2014. Biodiversity hotspot: China's Hengduan Mountains. Arnoldia 72: 24-35.

Bougoure, D. S. [et al. 2007], Parkin, P. I., Cairney, J. W. G., Alexander, I. J., & Anderson, I. C. 2007. Diversity of fungi in hair roots of Ericaceae varies along a vegetation gradient. Molec. Ecol. 16: 4624-4636.

Bougoure, J. J. [et al. 2010], Brundrett, M. C., & Grierson, P. F. 2010. Carbon and nitrogen supply to the underground orchid, Rhizanthella gardneri. New Phytol. 186: 947-956.

Bouillon, S. [et al. 2008], Borges, A. V., Castaneda-Moya, E., Diele, K., Dittmar, T., Duke, N. C., Kristensen, E., Lee, S. Y., Marchand, C., Middelburg, J. J., Rivera-Monroy, V., Smith, T. J., & Twilley, R. R. 2008. Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates. Global Biogeochem. Cycl 22, GB2013. doi:10.1029/2007GB003052.

Boulain, H. [et al. 2018], Legeia, F., Guy, E., Morlière, S., Douglas, N. E., Oh, J., Murugan, M., Smith, M., Jacquiéry, J., Peccoud, J., White, F. F., Carolan, J. C., Simon, J.-C., & Sugio, A. 2018. Fast evolution and lineage-specific gene family expansions of aphid salivary effectors driven by interactions with host-plants. Genome Biol. Evol. 10: 1544-1572.

Bouman, F. 1971. Integumentary studies in Polycarpicae. I. Lactoridaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 20: 565-569.

Bouman, F. 1975. Integument initiation and testa development in some Cruciferae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 70: 213-229, pl. 1-4.

Bouman, F. 1977. Integumentary studies in the Polycarpicae IV Liriodendron tulipifera L. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 26: 213-223.

Bouman, F. 1984. The ovule. Pp. 123-157 in Johri, B. M. (ed.), Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer, Berlin.

Bouman, F. 1995. Seed structure and systematics in Dioscoreales. Pp. 139-156, in P. J. Rudall, P. J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler & C. J. Humphries (eds), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Bouman, F., & Boesewinkel, F. D. 1991. The campylotropous ovules and seeds, their structure and functions. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 113: 255-270.

Bouman, F., & Boesewinkel, F. D. 1997. Ovules and seeds of Barbeya with additional arguments for an urticalean affinity of the Barbeyaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 46: 255-261.

Bouman, C., & Calis, J. I. M. 1977. Integumentary shifting - a third way to unitegmy. Ber. Deutschen Bot. Gesell. 90: 15-28.

Bouman, F., & Devente, N. 1986. Seed micromorphology in Voyria and Voyriella (Gentianaceae). Pp. 9-25, in Maas, P. J. M., & Ruyters (eds), Voyria and Voyriella (Saprophytic Gentianaceae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 41, New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Bouman, F., & Devente, N. 1992. A comparison of the structure of ovules and seeds in Stemona (Stemonaceae) and Pentastemona (Pentastemonaceae). Blumea 36: 501-514.

Bouman, F., & Louis, A. 1990. Seed structure in Voyria primuloides Baker (Gentianaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications. Pp. 261-270, in Paré, J., Bugnicourt, M., Mortier, J., Juguet, M., Vignon, F., & Vignon, J. (eds), Some Aspects and Actual Orientations in Plant Embryology. Université de Picardie, Amiens.

Bouman, F., & Meijer, W. 1986. Comparative seed morphology in Rafflesiaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 35: 521.

Bouman, F., & Meijer, W. 1994. Comparative structure of ovules and seeds in Rafflesiaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 193: 187-212.

Bouman, F., & Schrier, S. 1979. Ovule ontogeny and seed coat development in Gentiana, with a discussion on the evolution of the single integument. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 28: 467-478.

Bouman, F. [et al. 2002], Cobb, L., Devente, N., Goethals, V., Maas, P. J. M., & Smets, E. 2002. The seeds of Gentianaceae. Pp. 498-572, in Struwe, L., & Albert, V. A. (eds), Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Bouman, R. W. [et al. 2017], Steenhuisen, S., & van der Niet, T. 2017. The role of the pollination niche in community assembly of Erica species in a biodiversity hotspot. J. Plant Ecol. 10: 634-648.

Bouman, R. W. [et al. 2018], Keßler, P. J. A., Telford, I. R. H., Bruhl, J. J., & van Welzen, P. C. 2018. Subgeneric delimitation of the plant genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 63: 167-198.

Bouman, R. W. [et al. 2020], Keßler, P. J. A., Telford, I. R. H., Bruhl, J. J., Strijk, J. S., Saunders, R. M. K., & van Welzen, P. C. 2021 [= 2020]. Molecular phylogenetics of Phyllanthus sensu lato (Phyllanthaceae): Towards coherent monophyletic taxa. Taxon 70: 72-98.

Bouman, R. W. [et al. 2022], Keßler, P. J. A., Telford, I. R. H., Strijk, J. S., Saunders, R. M. K., Esser, H. J., Falcón Hidalgo, B., & van Welzen, P. C. 2022. A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae). Phytotaxa 540: 1-100, see also Phytotaxa 597: 237-241. 2023.

Bourdon, M. [et al. 2021], Gaynord, J., Müller, K. H., Evans, G., Wallis, S., Aston, P., Spring, D. R., & Wightman, R. 2021. Microscopy and chemical analyses reveal flavone-based woolly fibres extrude from micron-sized holes in glandular trichomes of Dionysia tapetodes. BMC Plant Biol. 21:258. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03010-9

Bourdu, R. 1957. Contribution a l'étude du métabolisme glucidique des Borraginacées. Rev. Gen. Bot. 64: 153-192, 197-260.

Bourguignon, T. [et al. 2014], Lo, N., Cameron, S. L., Sobotnik, J., Hayashi, Y., Shigenobu, S., Watanabe, D., Roisin, Y., Miura, T., & Evans, T. A. 2015 [= 2014]. The evolutionary history of termites as inferred from 66 mitochondrial genomes. Molec. Biol. Evol. 32: 406-421.

Bourke, G. 2021. Splash-cups, springboards, and sink or swim - preliminary study of the strategies for vegetative propagule dispersal in pygmy Drosera. Carniv. Plant Newslett. 50(2): 52-59.

Bousquet, J. [et al. 1992], Strauss, S. H., Doerksen, A. H., & Price, R. A. 1992. Extensive variation in evolutionary rate of rbcL gene sequences among flowering plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 89: 7844-7848.

Boutain, J. R. 2016. In reply to Cannabis experts: Plastome phylogenies support the parallel hypothesis for species concepts in the Cannabaceae (sensu stricto). Bot. Review 82: 349-358.

Boutard, B. [et al. 1973], Bouillant, M.-L., Chopin, J., & Lebreton, P. 1973. Chimiotaxinomie flavonique des fluviales. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 1: 133-140

Bouvier, F. [et al 2003], Dogbo, O., & Camara, B. 2003. Biosynthesis of the food and cosmetic plant pigment bixin (Annatto). Science 300: 2089-2091

Bouwmeester, H. [et al. 2020], Li, C., Thiombiano, B., Rahimi, M., & Dong, L. 2021 [= 2020]. Adaptation of the parasitic plant lifecycle: Germination is controlled by essential host signaling molecules. Plant Physiol. 185: 1292-1308.

Bove, C. P. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of Humiriaceae with notes on the monophyly of Ixonanthaceae. J. Comp. Biol. 2: 19-24.

Bove, C. P., & Melhem, T. S. 2000. Humiriaceae Juss. World Pollen and Spore Flora 22: 1-35.

Bowe, L. M. [et al. 2000], Coat, G., & dePamphilis, C. W. 2000. Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 97: 4092-4097.

Bowen, L., & Van Vuren, D. 1997. Insular endemic plants lack defenses against herbivores. Conserv. Biol. 11: 1249-1254.

Bowen, J. L. [et al. 2017], Kearns, P. J., Byrnes, J. E. K., Wigginton, S., Allen, W. J., Greenwood, M., Tran, K., Yu, J., Cronin, J. T., & Meyerson, L. A. 2017. Lineage overwhelms environmental conditions in determining rhizosphere bacterial community structure in a cosmopolitan invasive plant. Nature Communic. 8(1):433. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00626-0

Bower, F. O. 1935. Primitive Land Plants, Also Known as the Archegoniatae. Macmillan, London.

Bowers, J. E. [et al. 2003], Chapman, B. A., Rong, J., & Paterson, A. H. 2003. Unravelling angiosperm genome evolution by phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal duplication events. Nature 422: 433-438.

Bowers, M. D. 1980. Unpalatability as a defense strategy of Euphydras phaeton (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Evolution 34: 586-600.

Bowers, M. D. 1988. Chemistry and coevolution: Iridioid glycosides, plants and herbivorous insects. Pp. 133-165, in Spencer, K. C. (ed.), Chemical Mediation of Coevolution. Academic Press, San Diego.

Bowers, M. D. 1993. Aposematic caterpillars: Life styles of the warningly colored and unpalatable. Pp. 331-371, in Stamp, N. E., & Casey, T. M. (eds), Caterpillars. Chapman and Hall, London.

Bowers, M. D. 2022. Sequestered caterpillar chemical defenses: From "disgusting morsels" to model systems. Pp. 165-192, in Marquis, R. J., & Koptur, S. (eds), Caterpillars in the Middle: Tritrophic Interactions in a Changing World. Springer, Cham.

Bowes, G. 2010. C₄ photosynthesis and related CO₂ concentrating mechanisms. Pp 63-80, in Single-Cell C₄ Photosynthesis in Aquatic Plants. [Adv. Photosyn. Respir. Vol 32.]

Bowes, G. [et al. 2002], Rao, S. K., Estavillo, G. M., & Reiskind, J. B. 2002. C₄ mechanisms in aquatic angiosperms: Comparisons with terrestrial C₄ systems. Funct. Plant Biol. 29: 379-392.

Bowles, A. M. C. [et al. 2020], Bechtold, U., & Paps, J. 2020. The origin of land plants is rooted in two bursts of genomic novelty. Curr. Biol. 30: 530-536.

Bowles, A. M. C. [et al. 2022], Paps, J., & Bechtold, U. 2022. Water-related innovations in land plants evolved by different patterns of gene cooption and novelty. New Phytol. 235: 732-742.

Bowler, R. [et al. 2017], Massicotte, H. B., & Fredeen, A. L. 2017. Combining leaf gas-exchange and stable carbon isotopes to assess mycoheterotrophy in three species of Pyroleae. Botany 95: 1071-1080.

Bowling A. J., & Vaughn K. C. 2008. Immunocytochemical characterization of tension wood: Gelatinous fibers contain more than just cellulose. American J. Bot. 95: 655-663.

Bowling, A. J., & Vaughn, K. C. 2009. Gelatinous fibers are widespread in coiling tendrils and climbing vines. American J. Bot. 96: 719-727.

Bowman, D. M. J. S. [et al. 2012], Murphy, B. P., Burrows, G. E., & Crisp, M. M. 2012. Fire regimes and the evolution of the Australian biota. Pp. 27-47, Bradstock, R. A., Gill, A. M., & Williams, R. J. (eds), Flammable Australia. C.S.I.R.O. Publishing, Melbourne.

Bowman, J. L. 2006. Molecules and morphology: Comparative developmental genetics of the Brassicaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 259: 199-215.

Bowman, J. L., & Eshed, Y. 2000. Formation and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. Trends Plant Sci. 5: 110-115.

Bowman, J. L. [et al. 2017], Kohchi, T., Yamato, K. T., Jenkins, J., Shu, S., Ishizaki, K., Yamaoka, S., Nishihama, R., Nakamura, Y., Berger, F., Adam, C., Aki, S. S., Althoff, F., Araki, T., Arteaga-Vazquez, M. A., Balasubrmanian, S., Barry, K., Bauer, D., Boehm, C. R., Briginshaw, L., Caballero-Perez, J., Catarino, B., Chen, F., Chiyoda, S., Chovatia, M., Davies, K. M., Delmans, M., Demura, T., Dierschke, T., Dolan, L., Dorantes-Acosta, A. E., Eklund, D. M., Florent, S. N., Flores-Sandoval, E., Fujiyama, A, Fukuzawa, H., Galik, B., Grimanelli, D., Grimwood, J., Grossniklaus, U., Hamada, T., Haseloff, J., Hetherington, A. J., Higo, A., Hirakawa, Y., Hundley, H. N., Ikeda, Y., Inoue, K., Inoue, S. I., Ishida, S., Jia, Q., Kakita, M., Kanazawa, T., Kawai, Y., Kawashima, T, Kennedy, M., Kinose, K., Kinoshita, T., Kohara, Y., Koide, E., Komatsu, K., Kopischke, S., Kubo, M, Kyozuka, J., Lagercrantz, U., Lin, S.-S., Lindquist, E., Lipzen, A. M., Lu, C.-W., De Luna, E., Martienssen, R. A., Minamino, N., Mizutani, M., Mizutani, M., Mochizuki, N., Monte, I., Mosher, R., Nagasaki, H., Nakagami, H., Naramoto, S., Nishitani, K., Ohtani, M, Okamoto, T., Okumura, M., Phillips, J., Pollak, B., Reinders, A., Rövekamp, M., Sano, R., Sawa, S., Schmid, M. W., Shirakawa, M., Solano, R., Spunde, A., Suetsugu, N., Sugano, S., Sugiyama,, A., Sun, R., Suzuki, Y., Takenaka, M., Takezawa, D., Tomogane, H., Tsuzuki, M., Ueda, T, Umeda, M, Ward, J. M., Watanabe, Y., Yazaki, K., Yokoyama, R., Yoshitake, Y., Yotsui, I., Zachgo, S., & Schmutz, J. 2017. Insights into land plant evolution garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha genome. Cell 171: 287-304.

Bowman, V. C. [et al. 2014], Francis, J. E., Askin, R. A, Riding, J. B., & Swindles, G. T. 2014. Latest Cretaceous-earliest Paleogene vegetation and climate change at the high southern latitudes: Palynological evidence from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Palaeogeog. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 408: 26-47.

Bown, D. 2000. Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family. Ed. 2. Timber Press, Oregon.

Box, M. S., & Rudall, P. J. 2006. Floral structure and ontogeny in Globba (Zingiberaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 258: 107-122.

Boxall, S. F. [et al. 2017], Dever, L. V., Knerová, J., Gould, P. D., & Hartwell, J. 2017. Phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is essential for maximal and sustained dark CO₂ fixation and core circadian clock operation in the obligate Crassulacean Acid Metabolism species Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi. Plant Cell 29: 2519-2536. doi:10.1105/tpc.17.00301

Boyce, C. K. 2005a. The evolutionary history of roots and leaves. Pp. 479-499, in Holbrook, N. M., & Zwieniecki, M. A. (eds), Vascular Transport in Plants. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Boyce, C. K. 2005b. Patterns of segregation and convergence in the evolution of fern and seed plant leaf morphologies. Paleobiol. 31: 117-140.

Boyce, C. K. 2008a. The fossil record of plant physiology and development - what leaves can tell us. Palaeontol. Soc. Papers 14: 133-146. [Also as Kelley, P. H. & Bambach, R. K., (eds), Evolution to Geobiology: Research Questions Driving Paleontology at the Start of a New Century. Paleontological Society Short Course.

Boyce, C. K. 2008b. How green was Cooksonia? The importance of size in understanding the early evolution of physiology in the vascular plant lineage. Paleobiol. 3: 179-194.

Boyce, C. K. 2010. The evolution of plant development in a paleontological context. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 13: 102-107.

Boyce, C. K., & Bogner, J. 2000. An account of neotenic species of Rhaphidophora Hassk. (Araceae-Monsteroideae-Monstereae) in New Guinea and Australia. Gard. Bull. Singapore 52: 89-100.

Boyce, C. K., & DiMichele, W. A. 2016 [= 2015]. Arborescent lycopsid productivity and lifespan: Constraining the possibilities. Review Paleobot. Palynol. 227: 97-110.

Boyce, C. K., & DiMichele, W. A. 2018. Fast or slow for the arborescent lycopsids? Response to Thomas & Cleal (2018): 'Aborescent lycophyte growth in the late Carboniferous coal swamps'. New Phytol. 218: 891-893.

Boyce, C. K. & Knoll, A. H. 2002. Evolution of developmental potential and the multiple independent origins of leaves in Paleozoic vascular plants. Paleobiology 28: 70-100.

Boyce, C. K. & Lee, J.-E. 2010. An exceptional role for flowering plant physiology in the expansion of tropical rainforests and biodiversity. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 277: 3437-3443.

Boyce, C. K., & Lee, J.-E. 2011. Could land plant evolution have fed the marine revolution? Paleontol. Res. 15: 100-105.

Boyce, C. K., & Lee, J.-E. 2017. Plant evolution and climate over geological time scales. Annual Review Earth Planet. Sci. 45: 61-87.

Boyce, C. K., & Leslie, A. B. 2012. The paleontological context of angiosperm vegetative evolution. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 561-568.

Boyce, C. K., & Zwieniecki, M. A. 2012. Leaf fossil record suggests limited influence of atmospheric CO₂ on terrestrial productivity prior to angiosperm evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 109: 10403-10408.

Boyce, C. K., & Zwieniecki, M. A. 2019. The prospects for constraining productivity through time with the whole-plant physiology of fossils. New Phytol. 233: 40-49.

Boyce, C. K. [et al. 2003], Cody, G. D., Fogel, M. L., Hazen, R. M., Alexander, C. M. O. D., & Knoll, A. H., 2003. Chemical evidence for cell wall lignification and the evolution of tracheids in early Devonian plants. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 164: 691-702..

Boyce, C. K. [et al. 2004], Zwieniecki, M. A., Cody, G. D., Jacobsen, C., Wirick, S., Knoll, A. H., & Holbrook, N. M. 2004. Evolution of xylem lignification and hydrogel transport regulation. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 101: 17555-17558.

Boyce, C. K. [et al. 2008], Brodribb, F. J., Feild, T. S., & Zwieniecki, M. A. 2008. Angiosperm leaf evolution put the rain in tropical rainforests. P. 73, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Boyce, C. K. [et al. 2009], Brodribb, F. J., Feild, T. S., & Zwieniecki, M. A. 2009. Angiosperm leaf vein evolution was physiologically and environmentally transformative. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 276: 1771-1776.

Boyce, C. K. [et al. 2010], Lee, J.-E., Feild, T. S., Brodribb, T. J., & Zwieniecki, M. A. 2010. Angiosperms helped put the rain in the rainforests: The impact of plant physiological evolution on tropical biodiversity. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97: 527-540.

Boyce, P. C., & Croat, T. B. 2016. The Überlist of Araceae, Totals for Published and Estimated Number of Species in Aroid Genera.

Boyce, P. C., & Wong, S. Y. 2007. Studies on Schismatoglottidae (Araceae) of Borneo IV: Preliminary observation of spathe senescence mechanisms in Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi in Sarawak, Malesian Borneo. Aroideana 30: 56-70.

Boyce, P. C., & Wong, S. Y. 2019. Borneo and its disproportionately large rheophytic aroid flora. Gard. Bull. Singapore 71: suppl. 2, 497-524.

Boyce, P. C., & Yeng, W. S. 2015. Compendium genera Aracearum Malesianum. Aroideana 38: 40-177.

Boycheva, S. [et al. 2014], Daviet, L., Wolfender, J.-L., & Fitzpatrick, T. B. 2014. The rise of operon-like gene clusters in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 447-459.

Boyd, L. 1932. Monocotylous seedlings: Morphological studies in the post-seminal development of the embryo. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 5-224.

Boyd, R. S. 2007. The defense hypothesis of elemental hyperaccumulation: Status, challenges and new directions. Plant Soil 293: 153-176.

Boyden, G. S. [et al. 2010], Donoghue, M. J., & Howarth, D. G. 2010. Duplications in the floral symmetry gene RADIALIS in Dipsacales and Pentapetalae are similar to those of other floral transcription factors. Pp. 158-159, in Botany 2010. July 31 - August 4, Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Abstracts.

Boyero, L. 2014. Latitudinal gradients in biodiversity. Ecology Info 32. [consulted ii.2014]

Boyes, J. W., & Battaglia, E. 1951a. Embryo-sac development in the Plumbaginaceae. Caryologia 3: 305-310.

Boyes, J. W., & Battaglia, E. 1951b. The tetrasporic embryo sacs of Plumbago coccinea, P. scandens, and Ceratostigma willmottianum. Bot. Gaz. 112: 485-489.

Boykin, L. M. [et al. 2008], Pockman, W. T., & Lowrey, T. K. 2008. Leaf anatomy of Orcuttieae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae): More evidence of C₄ photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy. Madroño 55: 143-150.

Box, F. [et al. 2022], Ehrlich, A., Guan, J. H., & Thorogood, C. 2022. Gigantic floating leaves occupy a large surface area at economical material cost. Sci. Adv. 8:eabg3790

Boyle, B. [et al. 2013], Hopkins, N., Lu, Z., Garay, J. A. R., Mozzherin, D., Rees, T., Matasci, N., Narro, M. L., Piel, W. H., McKay, S. J., Lowry, S., Freeland, C., Peet, R. K., & Enquist, B. J. 2013. The taxonomic name resolution service: An online tool for automated standardization of plant names. BMC Bioinform. 14(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-14-16

Boza Espinoza, T. E., & Kessler, M. 2022. A monograph of the genus Polylepis (Rosaceae). PhytoKeys 203: 1-274.

Braby, M. F. 2005. Afrotropical mistletoe butterflies: Larval food plant relationships of Mylothris Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). J. Natural Hist. 39: 499-513.

Braby, M. F. 2006. Evolution of larval food plant associations in Delias Hübner butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Entomol. Sci. 9: 383-398.

Braby, M., & Nishida, K. 2010. The immature stages, larval food plants and biology of Neotropical mistletoe butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). II. The Catasticta group (Pierini: Aporiina). J. Natural Hist. 44: 1831-1928.

Braby, M. F., & Trueman, J. W. H. 2006. Evolution of larval host plant associations and adaptive radiation in pierid butterflies. J. Evol. Biol. 19: 1677-1690.

Braby, M. F. [et al. 2006], Vila, R., & Pierce, N. E. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): Higher classification and biogeography. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 147: 239-275.

Braby, M. F. [et al. 2007], Pierce, N. E., &, Vila, R. 2007. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the subtribe Aporiina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): Implications for the origin of Australian butterflies. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 90: 413-440.

Bradford, J. C. 2002. Molecular phylogenetic and morphological evolution in Cunonieae (Cunoniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 89: 491-503.

Bradford, J. C., & Barnes, R. W. 2001. Phylogenetics and classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology. Syst. Bot. 26: 354-385.

Bradford, J. C. [et al. 2004], Fortune-Hopkins, H. C., & Barnes, R. W. 2004. Cunoniaceae. Pp. 91-111, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VI. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin.

Bradshaw, E. [et al. 2010], Rudall, P. J., Devey, D. S., Thomas, M. M., Glover, B. J., & Bateman, R. M. 2010. Comparative labellum micromorphology of the sexually deceptive temperate orchid genus Ophrys: Diverse epidermal cell types and multiple origins of structural colour. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 162: 502-540.

Bradshaw, W. E. 1983. Interaction between the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii, the midge Metriocnemus knabi. and their carnivorous host Sarracenia purpurea. Pp. 161-189, in Frank, J. H., & Lounibos, L. P. (eds), Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities. Plexus, New Jersey.

Bradshaw, W. E. [et al. 2004], Zani, P. A., & Holzapfel, C. M. 2004. Adaptation to temperate climates. Evolution 58: 1748-1762.

Bradstock, R. A. [et al. 2012], Gill, A. M., & Williams, R. J. (eds). 2012. Flammable Australia. C.S.I.R.O. Publishing, Melbourne.

Brady, S. G. [et al. 2006], Schultz, T. R., Fisher, B. L., & Ward, P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 103: 18172-18177.

Brady, T. 1973. Feulgen cytophotometric determination of the DNA content of the embryo proper and suspensor cells of Phaseolus coccineus. Cell Differ. 2: 65-75

Braga, M. P. [et al. 2020], Landis, M. J., Nylin, S., Janz, N., & Ronquist, F. 2020. Bayesian inference of ancestral host-parasite interactions under a phylogenetic model of host repertoire evolution. Syst. Biol. 69: 1149-1162

Braga, M. P. [et al. 2021], Janz, N., Nylin, S., Ronquist, F., & Landis, M. J. 2021. Phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral ecological networks through time for pierid butterflies and their host plants. bioRχiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.04.429735m = Braga, M. P. [et al. 2021], Janz, N., Nylin, S., Ronquist, F., & Landis, M. J. 2021. Phylogenetic reconstruction of ancestral ecological networks through time for pierid butterflies and their host plants. Ecol. Lett. 24: 2134-2145.

Braga, P. A. C. [et al. 2012], Severino, V. G. P., de Freitas, S. D. L., da Silva, M. F. das G. F., Fernandes, J. B., Vieira, P. C., Pirani, J. R., & Groppo, M. 2012. Dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives from Hortia species and their chemotaxonomic value in the Rutaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 43: 142-151.

Bragina, A. [et al. 2014], Oberauner-Wappis, L., Zachow, C., Halwachs, B., Thallinger, G. G., Müller, H., & Berg, G. 2014. The Sphagnum microbiome supports bog ecosystem functioning under extreme conditions. Molec. Ecol. 23: 4498-4510. doi: 10.1111/mec.12885

Bramer, C. [et al. 2015], Dobler, S., Deckert, J., Stemmer, M., & Petschenka, G. 2015. Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: Basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae). Proc. Royal Soc. B, 282:20142346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2346

Bramley, G. L. C. [et al. 2009], Forest, F., & de Kok, R. P. J. 2009. Troublesome tropical mints: Re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia. Taxon 58: 500-510.

Bramwell, D. 1972. Endemism in the flora of the Canary Islands. Pp. 141-160, in Valentine, D. H. (ed.), Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution. Academic Press, London.

Branco, S., & Ree, R. 2010. Serpentine soils do not limit fungal mycorrhizal diversity. PLoS ONE 5:e11757.

Brand, A. 1913. Das Pflanzenreich regni vegetabilis conspectus. IV.251. Hydrophyllaceae. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.

Brandbyge, J. 1993. Polygonaceae. Pp. 532-543, in Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J. G., & Bittrich, V. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer, Berlin.

Brändle, M., & Brandl, R. 2002. Species richness of insects and mites on trees: Expanding Southwood. J. Animal Ecol. 70: 491-504.

Brändle, M. [et al. 2005], Knoll, S., Eber, S., Stadler, J., & Brandl, R. 2005. Flies on thistles: Support for synchronous speciation? Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 84: 775-783.

Brandza, M. 1891. Developpement des téguments de la graine. Revue Gén. Bot. 3: 1-36, pl. 1-2, 71-84, pl. 3-5, 105-126, pl. 6-8, 151-165, pl. 9, 229-240, pl. 10. [Full captions to illustration only in last part.]

Branstetter, M. G. [et al. 2017a], Danforth, B. N., Pitts, J. P., Faircloth, B. C., Ward, P. S., Buffington, M. L., Gates, M. W., Kula, R. R., & Brady, S. G. 2017a. Phylogenomic insights into the evolution of stinging wasps and the origins of ants and bees. Current Biol. 27: 1019-1025.

Branstetter, M. G. [et al. 2017b], Jesovnik, A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Lloyd, M. W., Faircloth, B. C., Brady, S. G., & Schultz, T. R. 2017b. Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 284:20170095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0095

Brantjes, N. B. M. 1982. Pollen placement and reproductive isolation between two Brazilian Polygala species (Polygalaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 141: 41-52.

Brassac, J. [et al. 2012], Jakob, S. S., & Blattner, F. R. 2012. Progenitor-derivative relationships of Hordeum polyploids (Poaceae, Triticeae) inferred from sequences of TOPO6, a nuclear low-copy gene region. PLoS ONE 7(3):e33808.

BrassiBase: Tools and biological resources to study characters and traits in the Brassicaceae - version 1.1. Taxon 61: 1001-1009. http://brassibase.cos.uni-heidelberg.de/

The Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project Consortium. 2011. The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa. Nature Genetics 43: 1035-1039. doi:10.1038/ng.919

Bratzel, F. [et al. 2022], Paule, J., Leebens-Mack, J., Leme, E. M. C., Forzza, R. C., Koch, M. A., Heller, S., & Zizka, G. 2023 [= 2022]. Target-enrichment sequencing reveals for the first time a well-resolved phylogeny of the core Bromelioideae (family Bromeliaceae). Taxon 72: 47-63.

Bräuchler, C. [et al. 2004], Meimberg, H., & Heubl, G. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the genera Digitalis L. and Isoplexis (Lindley) Loudon (Veronicaceae) based on ITS and trnL-F sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 248: 111-126.

Bräuchler, C. [et al. 2010], Meimberg, H., & Heubl, G. 2010. Molecular phylogeny in Menthinae (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Mentheae) - taxonomy, biogeography and conflicts. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 55: 501-523.

Braukmann, T. W. A., & Stefanovic, S. 2012. Plastid genome evolution in mycoheterotrophic Ericaceae. Plant Molec. Biol. 79: 5-20.

Braukmann, T. W. A. [et al. 2009], Kuzmina, M., & Stefanovic, S. 2009. Loss of all plastid ndh genes in Gnetales and conifers: Extent and evolutionary significance for the seed plant phylogeny. Curr. Genetics 55: 323-337.

Braukmann, T. W. A. [et al. 2010], Kuzmina, M., & Stefanovic, S. 2010. Structural changes in the plastid gene of gymnosperms support the "gnepine" hypothesis. P. 19, in Botany 2010. July 31 - August 4, Providence, Rhode Island. Scientific Abstracts.

Braukmann, T. W. A. [et al. 2013], Kuzmina, M., & Stefanovic, S. 2013. Plastid genome evolution across the genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae): Two clades within subgenus Grammica exhibit extensive genome loss. J. Experim. Bot. 64: 977-989.

Braukmann, T. W. A. [et al. 2017], Broe, M. B., Stefanovic, S., & Freudenstein, J. V. 2017. On the brink: The highly reduced plastomes of nonphotosynthetic Ericaceae. New Phytol. 216: 254-266.

Bräutigam, A., & Gowik, U. 2016. Photorespiration connects C₃ and C₄ photosynthesis. J. Develop. Biol. 67: 2953-2962.

Bräutigam, A. [et al. 2008], Hofmann-Benning, S., & Weber, A. P. M. 2008. Comparative proteomics of chloroplast envelopes from C₃ and C₄ plants reveals specific adaptations of the plastid envelope to C₄ photosynthesis and candidate proteins required for maintaining C₄ metabolite fluxes. Plant Physiol. 148: 568-579.

Bräutigam, A. [et al. 2017], Schlüter, U., Eisenhut, M., & Gowik, U. 2017. On the evolutionary origin of CAM photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 174: 473-477.

Bravo, A. [et al 2016], York, T., Pumplin, N., Mueller, L. A., & Harrison, M. J. 2016. Genes conserved for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis identified through phylogenomics. Nature Plants 1:15208. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2015.208

Brea, M. [et al. 2008], Zamuner, A., Matheos, S., Iglesias, A., & Zucol, A. J. 2008. Fossil wood of the Mimosoideae from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Alcheringa 32: 427-441.

Brea, M. [et al. 2017], Zucol, A. J., Bargo, M. S., Fernicola, J. C., & Vizcíno, S. F. 2017. First Miocene record of Akaniaceae in Patagonia (Argentina): A fossil wood from the early Miocene Santa Cruz formation and is palaeobiogeographical implications. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 183: 334-347.

Brea, M. [et al. 2021], Iglesias, A., Wilf, P., Moya, E., & Gandolfo, M. A. 2021. First South American record of Winteroxylon, Eocene of Laguna del Hunco (Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina): New link to Australasia and Malesia. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 182: 185-197.

Brearley, F. Q. 2012. Ectomycorrhizal associations of the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 44: 637-648.

Brearley, F. Q. [et al. 2017], Saner, P., Uchida, A., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Hector, A., Nilus, R., Scoles, J. D., & Egli, S. 2016 [= 2017]. Testing the importance of a common ectomycorrhizal network for dipterocarp seedling growth and survival in tropical forests of Borneo. Plant Ecol. Divers. 9: 563-576.

Brearley, F. Q. [et al. 2023a], Roy, M., & Vasco-Palacios, A. M. 2023a. Dipterocarps, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and monodominant forests: Not such a simple story? Trends Plant Sci. 28: 1333-1334. [See also D. Johnson et al. 2023a, b.]

Brée, B. [et al. 2020], Helmstetter, A. J., Bethune, K., Ghogue, J.-P., Sonké, B., & Couvreur, T. L. P. 2020. Diversification of African Rainforest restricted clades: Piptostigmateae and Annickieae (Annonaceae). Diversity 12(6):e227. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060227

Bregman, R. 1992. Seed studies in the tribe Borzicactinae Buxbaum (Cactaceae): Morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 114: 201-250.

Brehm, G. [et al. 2007], Hartmann, T., & Wilmott, K. 2007. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and pharmacophagous visitors of Prestonia amabilis (Apocynaceae) in a montane rainforest in Ecuador. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 463-473.

Breinholt, J. W. [et al. 2021], Carey, S, B., Tiley, G. P., Davis, E. C., Endara, L., McDaniel, S. F., Neves, L. G., Sessa, E. B., von Konrat, M., Chantanaorrapint, S., Fawcett, S., Ickert‐Bond, S. M., Labiak, P. H., Larraín, J., Lehnert, M., Lewis, L. R., Nagalingum, N. S., Patel, N., Rensing, S. A., Testo, W., Vasco, A., Villarreal, J. C., Williams, E. W., & Burleigh, J. G. 2021. A target enrichment probe set for resolving the flagellate land plant tree of life. Applic. Plant Sci. 9(1):e11406. doi: 10.1002/aps3.11406

Breshears, D. D. [et al. 2005], Cobb, N. S., Rich, P. M., Price, K. P., Allen, C. D., Balice, R. G., Romme, W. H., Kastens, J. H., Floyd, M. L., Belnap, J., Anderson, J. J., Myers, O. B., & Meyer, C. W. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global change-type drought. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 102: 15144-15148.

Breinholt, J. W. [et al. 2018], Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Xiao, L., & Kawahara, A. Y. 2018. Anchored hybrid enrichment in Lepidoptera: Leveraging genomic data for studies on the megadiverse butterflies and moths. Syst. Biol. 67: 78-93.

Breinlinger, S. [et al. 2021],, Phillips, T. J., Haram, B. N., Mareš, J., Martínez Yerena, J. A., Hrouzek, P., Sobotka, R., Henderson, W. M., Schmieder, P., Williams, S. M., Lauderdale, J. D., Wildey, H. D., Gerrin, W., Kust, A., Washington, J. W., Wagner, C., Geier, B., Liebeke, M., Enke, H., Niedermeyer, T. H. J., & Wilde, S. B. 2021. Hunting the eagle killer: A cyanobacterial neurotoxin causes vacuolar myelinopathy. Science 26:1335. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9050

Breitkopf, H. [et al. 2014], Onstein R. E., Cafasso D., Schlüter P. M., & Cozzolino S. 2015 [= 2014]. Multiple shifts to different pollinators fuelled rapid diversification in sexually deceptive Ophrys orchids. New Phytol. doi: 10.1111/nph.13219.

Brem, B. [et al. 2004], Seger, C., Pacher, T., Hartl, M., Hadacek, F., Hofer, O., Vajrodaya, S., & Greger, H. 2004. Antioxidant dehydrotocopherols as a new chemical character of Stemona species. Phytochem. 65: 2719-2729.

Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1944. Materials for a monograph of the Strobilanthinae (Acanthaceae). Verh. Konink. Nederlandse Akad. Wetens., Afd. Natuurk., ser. 2, 41: 1-305.

Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1955. A revision of the Malaysian Nelsonieae (Scrophulariaceae). Reinwardtia 3: 157-261.

Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1957. On the position of Playcarpum Humb. et Bonpl., Henriquezia Spruce ex Bth. and Gleasonia Standl.. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 6: 351-377.

Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1965. Delimitation and subdivision of the Acanthaceae. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 21-30.

Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1966. Remarks on the position, the delimitation and subdivision of the Rubiaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 15: 1-33.

Bremer, B. 1987. The sister group of the Paleotropical tribe Argostemmateae: A redefined Neotropical tribe Hamelieae (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae). Cladistics 3: 35-51.

Bremer, B. 1996a. Phylogenetic studies within Rubiaceae and relationships to other families based on molecular data. Op. Bot. Belgica 7: 33-50.

Bremer, B. 1996b. Combined and separate analyses of morphological and molecular data in the plant family Rubiaceae. Cladistics 12: 21-40.

Bremer, B. 2009. A review of molecular phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 4-26.

Bremer, B., & Eriksson, O. 1992. Evolution of fruit characters and dispersal modes in the tropical family Rubiaceae. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 47: 79-95.

Bremer, B., & Eriksson, O. 2009. Time tree of Rubiaceae: Phylogeny and dating the family, subfamilies and tribes. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 170: 766-793.

Bremer, B., & Manen, J.-F. 2000. Phylogeny and classification of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 225: 43-72.

Bremer, B., & Struwe, L. 1992. Phylogeny of the Rubiaceae and Loganiaceae: Congruence or conflict between morphological and molecular data. American J. Bot. 79: 1171-1194.

Bremer, B. [et al. 1994], Olmstead, R. G., Struwe, L., & Sweere, J. A. 1994. rbcL sequences support exclusion of Retzia, Desfontainea and Nicodemia from the Gentianales. Plant Syst. Evol. 190: 213-230.

Bremer, B. [et al. 1995], Andreason, K., & Olsson, D. 1995. Subfamilial and tribal relationships in the Rubiaceae based on rbcL sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 383-397.

Bremer, B. [et al. 1999], Jansen, R. K., Oxelman, B., Backlund, M., Lantz, H., & Kim, K.-J. 1999. More characters or more taxa for a robust phylogeny-case study from the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Syst. Biol. 48: 413-435.

Bremer, B. [et al. 2002], Bremer, K., Heidari, N., Erixon, P., Olmstead, R. G., Anderberg, A. A., Källersjö, M., & Barkhordarian, E. 2002. Phylogenetics of asterids based on 3 coding and 3 non-coding chloroplast DNA markers and the utility of non-coding DNA at higher taxonomic levels. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 24: 274-301.

Bremer, K. 1985. Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1: 369-385.

Bremer, K. 1987. Tribal interrelationships of the Asteraceae. Cladistics 3: 210-253.

Bremer, K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

Bremer, K. 1996. Major clades and grades of the Asteraceae. Pp. 1-7, in Hind, D. J. N., & Beentje, H. J. (eds), Compositae: Systematics. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew. Royal Botanic Gadens, Kew.

Bremer, K. 2000a. Phylogenetic nomenclature and the new ordinal system of the angiosperms. Pp. 125-133, in Nordenstam, B., El-Ghazaly, G., & Kassas, M. (eds), Plant Systematics for the 21st Century. Portland Press, London.

Bremer, K. 2000b. Early Cretaceous lineages of monocot flowering plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 97: 4707-4711.

Bremer, K. 2002. Gondwanan evolution of the grass alliance of families (Poales). Evolution 56: 1374-1387.

Bremer, K., & Janssen, T. 2006. Gondwanan origin of major monocot groups inferred from dispersal-vicariance analysis. Pp. 22-27, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 22-27.]

Bremer, K., & Thulin, M. 1998. Introduction to Phylogeny and Systematics of Flowering Plants. Department of Systematic Botany, Uppsala University.

Bremer, K. [et al. 2001], Backlund, A., Sennblad, B., Swenson, U., Andreasen, K., Hjertson, M., Lundberg, J., Backlund, M., & Bremer, B. 2001. A phylogenetic analaysis of 100+ genera and 50+ families of euasterids based on morphological and molecular data with notes on possible higher level morphological synapomorphies. Plant Syst. Evol. 229: 137-169.

Bremer, K. [et al. 2004a], Friis, E. M., & Bremer, B. 2004a. Molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants shows Early Cretaceous diversification. Syst. Biol. 53: 496-505.

Bremer, K. [et al. 2004b], Bremer, B., & Thulin, M. 2004b. Introduction to phylogeny and systematics of flowering plants. Symb. Bot. Upsalienses 32(1): 1-102.

Brenan, J. P. M. 1952. Plants of the Cambridge Expedition, 1947-1948: II. A new order of flowering plants from the British Cameroons. Kew Bull. 7: 227-236.

Brenan, J. P. M. 1960. Triceratella, a new genus of Commelinaceae from Southern Rhodesia. Kirkia: 1: 14-19, pl. 1.

Brenan, J. P. M. 1966. The classification of Commelinaceae. J. Linnean Soc., Bot. 59: 349-370.

Breña-Ochoa, A., & Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R. S. 2022. Late Cretaceous palm leaves and an inflorescence (Arecaceae or Palmae) from Olmos Formation, northern Mexico. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 183: 279-

Brennan, A. C. [et al. 2012], Bridgett, S., Ali, M. S., Harrison, N., Matthews, A., Pellicer, J., Twyford, A. D., & Kidner, C. A. 2012. Genomic resources for evolutionary studies in the large, diverse, tropical genus, Begonia. Trop. Plant Biol. 5: 261-76.

Brenner, E. D., Stevenson, D. W., & Twigg, R. W. 2003. Cycads: Evolutionary innovations and the role of plant-derived neurotoxins. Trends Plant Sci. 8: 446-452.

Brenner, W. 1922. Zur Kenntnis der Blutenentwicklung einiger Juncaceen. Acta Soc. Scient. Fennica 50(4): 1-37.

Breshears, D. D. [et al. 2005], Cobb, N. S., Rich, P. M., Price, K. P., Allen, C. D., Balice, R. G., Romme, W. H., Kastens,J. H., Floyd, M. L., Belnap, J., Anderson, J. J., Myers, O. B., & Meyer, C. W. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 102: 15144-15148.

Bresinsky, A. 1963. Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmechoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Biblio. Bot. 126: 1-54.

Breslin, P. B. [et al. 2021], Wojciechowski, M. F., & Majure, L. C. 2021. Molecular phylogeny of the mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria. Taxon 70: 308-323.

Breslin, P. B. [et al. 2022], Wojciechowski, M. F., & Majure, L. C. 2022. Remarkably rapid, recent diversification of Cochemiea and Mammillaria in the Baja California, Mexico region. American J. Bot. 109: 1472-1487.

Breteler, F. J. 1999. Barteria Hook. f. (Passifloraceae) revised. Adansonia 21: 307-318.

Breteler, F. J. [et al. 1996], Baas, P., Boesewinkel, F. D., Bouman, F., & Lobreau-Callen, D. 1996. Engomegoma Breteler (Olacaceae) a new monotypic genus from Gabon. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 118: 113-132.

Breteler, F. J. [et al. 2015], Bakker, F. T., & Jongkind, C. C. H. 2015. A synopsis of Soyauxia (Peridiscaceae, formerly Medusandraceae) with a new species from Liberia. Plant Ecol. Evol. 148: 409-419.

Breteler, F. J. [et al. 2022], Breman, F. C., Lei, D., & Bakker, F. T. 2022. Wrong flowers? The evolutionary puzzle of Jongkindia (Passifloraceae s.l.), a new monotypic genus and tribe from Liberia, West Africa. Webbia 77: 229-246.

Brett, J. F., & Posluszny, U. 1982. Floral development in Caulophyllum thalictroides (Berberidaceae). Canadian J. Bot. 60: 2133-2141.

Bretting, P. K., & Nilsson, S. 1988. Pollen morphology of the Martyniaceae and its systematic implications. Syst. Bot. 13: 51-59.

Brevik A. [et al. 2010], Moreno-Garcia J., Wenelczyk, J., Blaalid R., Eidesen P. B., & Carlsen T. 2010. Diversity of fungi associated with Bistorta vivipara (L.) Delarbre root systems along a local chronosequence on Svalbard. Agarica 29: 15-26.

Brew, C. R. [et al. 1989], O'Dowd, D. J., & Rae, I. D. 1989. Seed dispersal by ants: Behaviour-releasing compounds in elaiosomes. Oecologia 80: 490-497.

Brewbaker, J. L. 1967. The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains in angiosperms. American J. Bot. 54: 1069-1083.

Bridson, D. M. 1974. A revision of the family Vahliaceae. Kew Bull. 30: 163-182.

Briggs, B. G., & Johnson, L. A. S. 1979. Evolution in the Myrtaceae - evidence from inflorescence structure. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 102(4): 157-256.

Briggs, B. G., & Johnson, L. A. S. 1998. Georgeantha hexandra, a new genus and species of Ecdeiocoleaceae (Poales) from Western Australia. Telopea 7: 307-312.

Briggs, B. G., & Johnson, L. A. S. 1999. A guide to a new classification of Australian restionaceae and allied genera. Pp. 25-56, in Meney, K. A., & Pate, J. S. (eds), Australian Rushes: Biology, Identification and Conservation of Restionaceae and Allied Families. University of Western Australia, Perth.

Briggs, B. G., & Johnson, L. A. S. 2000. Hopkinsiaceae and Lyginiaceae, two new families of Poales in Western Australia, with revisions of Hopkinsia and Lyginia. Telopea 8: 477-502.

Briggs, B. G., & Linder, H. P. 2009. A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales). Telopea 12: 333-345.

Briggs, B. G., & Tinker, A. 2014. Synchronous monoecy in Ecdeiocoleaceae (Poales), in Western Australia. Australian J. Bot. 62: 391-402.

Briggs, B. G. [et al. 2000], Marchant, A. D., Gilmore, S., & Porter, C. L. 2000. A molecular phylogeny of Restionaceae and allies. Pp. 661-671, in Wilson, K. L., & Morrison, D. A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.

Briggs, B. G. [et al. 2010], Marchant, A. D., & Perkins, A. J. 2010. Phylogeny and features in Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Anarthriaceae (restiid clade of Poales). Pp. 357-388, in Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Barfod, A. S., & Davis, J. I. (eds), Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons. Åarhus University Press, Århus.

Briggs, B. G. [et al. 2014], Marchant, A. D., & Perkins, A. J. 2014. Phylogeny of the restiid clade (Poales) and implications for the classification of Anarthriaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Australian Restionaceae. Taxon 63: 24-46.

Brigham-Grette, J. [et al. 2013], Melles M., Minyuk, P., Andreev, A, Tarasov, P., DeConto, R., Koenig, S., Nowaczyk, N., Wennrich, V., Rosén P., Haltia, E., Cook, T., Gebhardt, T., Meyer-Jacob, C., Snyder, J., & Herzschuh, U. 2013. Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped Pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia. Science 340: 1421-1427.

Brignone, N. F. & Denham, S. S. 2020. Towards an updated taxonomy of the South American Chenopodiaceae I: Subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 106: 10-30.

Brignone, N. F. [et al. 2019], Pozner, R. E., & Denham, S. S. 2020 [= 2019]. Origin and evolution of Atriplex (Amaranthaceae s. l.) in the Americas: Unexpected insights from South American species. Taxon 68: 1021-1036.

Brignone, N. F. [et al. 2020], Jocou, A. I., & Denham, S. S. 2020. Towards an updated taxonomy of the South American Amaranthaceae II: Subfamily Salicornioideae, tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 106: 292-324.

Brignone, N. F. [et al. 2022], Pozner, R. E., & Denham, S. S. 2022. Macroevolutionary trends and diversification dynamics in Atripliceae (Amaranthaceae s.l., Chenopodioideae): A first approach. Ann. Not. 130: 199-214.

Brignone, N. F. [et al. 2023], Nazet, N., Pozner, R. E., & Denham, S. S. 2023. Calyceraceae: Unexpected diversification pattern in the Southern Andes. Pers. Plant Evol. Ecol. Syst. 60:125744.

Brikiatis, L. 2014. The De Geer, Thulean and Beringia routes: Key concepts for understanding early Cenozoic biogeography. J. Biogeog. 41: 1036-1054. doi: 10.1111/jbi.12310

Brillouet, J.-M. [et al. 2013], Romieu, C., Schoefs, B., Solymosi, K., Cheynier, V., Fulcrand, H., Verdeil, J.-L., & Conéjéro, G. 2013. The tannosome is an organelle forming condensed tannins in the chlorophyllous organs of Tracheophyta. Ann. Bot. 112: 1003-1014.

Bringel, J. B. de A., Jr. [et al. 2017], Pastore, J. F. B., & Cavalcanti, T. B. 2017. An unusual new species of Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae) with its phylogenetic position and taxonomic notes. Syst. Bot. 42: 301-312.

Bringmann, G. 1986. The naphthyl isoquinoline alkaloids. Pp. 141-184, in Brossi A. (ed.), The Alkaloids, vol. 29. Academic Press, New York.

Bringmann, G., & Pokorny, F. 1995. The naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. Pp. 127-271, in Cordell, G. A. (ed.), The Alkaloids, vol. 46. Academic Press, New York.

Bringmann, G. [et al. 2001], Wenzel, M., Bringmann, H. P., & Schlauer, J. 2001. Uptake of the amino acid alanine by digestive leaves: Proof of carnivory in the tropical liana Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Carniv. Plants Newsl. 30: 15-21.

Bringmann, G. [et al. 2008], Rüdenauer, S., Irmer, A., Bruhn, T., Brun, R., Heimberger, T., Stühmer, T., Bargou, R., & Chatterjee, M. 2008. Antitumoral and antileishmanial dioncoquinones and ancistroquinones from cell cultures of Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae) and Ancistrocladus abbreviatus (Ancistrocladaceae). Phytochem. 69: 2501-2509.

Bringmann, G. [et al. 2016], Irmer, A., Rüdenauer, S., Mutanyatta-Comar, J., Seupel, R., & Feineis, D. 2016. 5′-O-Methyldioncophylline D, a 7,8′-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid from callus cultures of Triphyophyllum peltatum, and its biosynthesis from a late-stage tetrahydroisoquinoline precursor. Tetrahedron 72: 2906-2912.

Brinkhuis, H. [et al. 2006], Schouten, S., Collinson, M. E., Sluijs, A., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Dickens, G. R., Huber, M., Cronin, T. M., Onodera, J., Takahashi, K., Bujak, J. P., Stein, R., van der Burgh, J., Eldrett, J. S., Harding, I. C., Lotter, A. F., Sangiorgi, F., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, H., de Leeuw, J. W., Matthiessen, J., Backman, J., Moran, K., & the Expedition 302 Scientists. 2006. Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean. Nature 441: 606-609.

Bristow, C. M. 1991. Why are so few aphids ant-attended? Pp. 104-119, in Huxley, C. R., & Cutler, D. F. (eds), Ant - Plant interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Bristow, J. M. 1975. The structure and function of roots in aquatic vascular plants. Pp. 221-236, in Torrey, J. G., & Clarkson, D. T. (eds), The Development and Function of Roots. Academic Press, London.

Brito, V. L. G. [et al. 2016], Fendrich, T. G., Smidt, E. C., Varassin, I. G., & Goldenberg, R. 2016. Shifts from specialised to generalised pollination systems in Miconieae (Melastomataceae) and their relation with anther morphology and seed number. Plant Biol. 18: 585-593. doi: 10.1111/plb.12432

Britskit, D. D., & Grigoryeva. V. V. 2021. Pollen morphology of tribe Androsaceae (Primulaceae). Bot. Zhurn. 106: 272-291. [In Russian.]

Brittan, N. H. [et al. 1987], Churchill, D. M., Clifford, H. T., Conran, J. G., George, A. S., Henderson, R. J. F., Hewson, H. J., Macfarlane, T. D., Keighery, G. J., Stearn, W. T., Telford, I. R. H., Thongpukdee, A., Watson, E. M., & Williams, J. B. 1987. Liliaceae. Pp. 148-419, in George, A. S. (ed.), Flora of Australia. Volume 35. Hydatellaceae to Liliaceae. Australian Government, Canberra.

Brittmacher, J. 2020. Evolution of the Cephalotus pitcher. Carniv. Plants Newsl. 49: 103-120.

Brizicky, G. K. 1961. A synopsis of the genus Columellia (Columelliaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 42: 363-371.

Brizicky, G. K. 1963. The genera of the Sapindales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 44: 462-501.

Brizicky, G. K. 1964. The genera of the Rhamnaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 439-463.

Brizicky, G. K. 1965. The genera of the Vitaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 46: 48-67.

Broadley, M. R. [et al. 2001], Willey, N. J., Wilkins, J. C., Baker, A. J. M., Mead, A., & White, P. J. 2001. Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms. New Phytol. 152: 9-27.

Brochmann, C. [et al. 2022], Gizaw, A., Chala, D., Kandziora, M., Eilu, G., Popp, M., Pirie, M. D., & Gehrke, B. 2022. History and evolution of the aroalpine flora: In the footsteps of Olov Hedberg. Alpine Bot. 132: 65-87.

Brock, A. [et al. 2006], Herzfeld, T., Paschke, R., Koch, M., & Dräger, B. 2006. Brassicaceae contain nortropane alkaloids. Phytochem. 67: 2050-2057.

Brock, K. C., & Hall, J. C. 2019. Multiple lineages of FRUITFULL exhibit dynamic patterns of gene evolution after genome triplication in the Brassiceae tribe (Brassicaceae). Botany 97: 293-310.

Brockington, S. F. [et al. 2007], Alexandre, R., Ramdial, J., Dhingra, A., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2007. Resolving poorly supported nodes in the order Caryophyllales: An ATOL update. P. 287, in Plant Biology and Botany 2007. Poster Abstract Book. Chicago.

Brockington, S. F. [et al. 2009], Alexandre, R., Ramdial, J., Moore, M. J., Crawley, S., Dhingra, A., Hilu, K., Soltis, D. E., & Soltis, P. S. 2009. Phylogeny of the Caryophyllales sensu lato: Revisiting hypotheses on pollination biology and perianth differentiation in the core Caryophyllales. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 170: 627-643.

Brockington, S. F. [et al. 2011], Walker, R. H., Glover, B. J., Soltis, D. E., & Soltis, P. S. 2011. Complex pigment evolution in the Caryophyllales. New Phytol. 190: 854-864.

Brockington, S. F. [et al. 2012], Rudall, P. J., Frohlich, M. W., Oppenheimer, D. O., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2012. 'Living Stones' reveal alternative petal identity programs within the core eudicots. Plant J. 69: 193-203.

Brockington, S. F. [et al. 2015], Yang, Y., Gandia-Herrero, F., Covshoff, S., Hibberd, J. M., Sage, R. F., Wong, G. K. S., Moore, M. J., & Smith, S. A. 2015. Lineage-specific gene radiations underlie the evolution of novel betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales. New Phytol. 207: 1170-1180. doi: 10.1111/nph.13441

Brocklehurst, N., & Field, D. J. 2024. Tip dating and Bayes factors provide insight into the divergences of crown bird clades across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 291:20232618. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2618

Bröderbauer, D. [et al. 2012], Diaz, A., & Weber, A. 2012. Reconstructing the origin and elaboration of insect-trapping inflorescences in the Araceae. American J. Bot. 99: 1666-1679.

Bröderbauer, D. [et al. 2014], Ulrich, S., & Weber, A. 2014. Adaptations for insect-trapping in brood-site pollinated Colocasia (Araceae). Plant Biol. 16: 659-668.

Brodmann, J. [et al. 2009], Twele, R., Francke, W., Luo, Y.-b., Song, X.-q., & Ayasse, M. 2009. Orchid mimics honey bee alarm pheromone in order to attract hornets for pollination. Curr. Biol. 19: 1366-1372.

Brodribb, T. J. 2011. A functional analysis of podocarp ecology. Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 45: 165-173. [Turner, B. L., & Cernusak, L. A. (eds). 2011. Ecology of the Podocarpaceae in Tropical Forests. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.]

Brodribb, T. J., & Feild, T. S. 2008. Evolutionary significance of a flat-leaved Pinus in Vietnamese rainforest. New Phytol. 178: 201-209.

Brodribb, T. J., & Feild, T. S. 2010. Leaf hydraulic evolution led a surge in leaf photosynthetic capacity during early angiosperm diversification. Ecol. Lett. 13: 175-183.

Brodribb T. J., & Hill, R. S. 1997. Light response characteristics of morphologically diverse group of southern hemisphere conifers. Oecologia 110: 1017.

Brodribb, T. J., & Hill, R. S. 2004. The rise and fall of the Podocarpaceae in Australia - a physiological explanation. Pp. 381-399, in Hemsley, A. R., & Poole, I. (eds), The Evolution of Plant Physiology. Elsevier, Amsterdam. [Linnean Society Symposium Series 21.]

Brodribb, T. J., & Holbrook, N. M. 2004. Stomatal protection against hydraulic failure: A comparison of coexisting ferns and angiosperms. New Phytol. 162: 663-670.

Brodribb, T. J., & McAdam, S. A. M. 2011 [= 2010]. Passive origins of stomatal control in vascular plants. Science 331: 582-585.

Brodribb, T. J., & McAdam, S. A. M. 2017. Evolution of the stomatal regulation of plant water content. Plant Physiol. 174: 639-649. doi: 10.1104/pp.17.00078

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2007], Feild, T. S., & Jordan, G. J. 2007. Leaf maximum photosynthetic rate and venation are linked by hydraulics. Plant Physiol. 144: 1890-1898.

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2009], McAdam, S. A. M., Jordan, G. J., & Feild, T. S. 2009. Evolution of stomatal responsiveness to CO₂ and optimization of water-use efficiency among land plants. New Phytol. 183: 839-847.

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2012], Pittermann, J., & Coomes, D. A. 2012. Elegance versus speed: Examining the competition between conifer and angiosperm trees. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 673-694.

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2013a], Jordan, G. J., & Carpenter, R. J. 2013a. Unified changes in cell size permit coordinated leaf evolution. New Phytol. 199: 584-594.

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2013b], Bowman, D. M. J. S., Grierson, P. F., Murphy, B. P., Nichols, S., & Prior, L. D. 2013b. Conservative water management in the widespread conifer genus Callitris. AoB Plants 5:plt052. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plt052

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2014], McAdam, S. A. M., Jordan, G. J., & Martins, S. C. V. 2014. Conifer species adapt to low-rainfall climates by following one of two divergent pathways. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 111: 14489-14493.

Brodribb, T. J. [et al. 2020], Carriqui, M., Delson, S., McAdam, S. A. M., & Holbrook, N. M. 2020. Advanced vascular function discovered in a widespread moss. Nature Plants 6: 273-279.

Brody, A. K. [et al. 2019], Waterman, B., Ricketts, T. H., Degrassi, A. L., González, J. B., Harris, J. M., & Richardson, L. L. 2019. Genome specific effects of ericoid mycorrhizae on floral traits and reproduction in Vaccinium corymbosum. American J. Bot. 106: 1412-1422.

Brokamp, G. Parasitism and haustorium anatomy of Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B. B. Simpson (Krameriaceae), an endangered medicinal plant from the Andean deserts. Pp. 89-101, in Brokamp, G. (ed.), Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America. Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Springer Spektrum, Wiesbaden.

Bromham, L. 2015. Macroevolutionary patterns of salt tolerance in angiosperms. Ann. Bot. 115: 333-341.

Bromham, L. 2019. Six impossible things before breakfast: Assumptions, models, and belief in molecular dating. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34: 474-486. [Correction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34: 962. 2019]

Bromham, L., & Bennett, T. H. 2014. Salt tolerance evolved more frequently in C₄ grass lineages. J. Evol. Biol. 27: 653-659.

Bromham, L. [et al. 2013], Cowman, P. F., & Lanfear, R. 2013. Parasitic plants have increased rates of molecular evolution across all three genomes. BMC Evol. Biol. 13: 126. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-126

Bromham, L. [et al. 2015a], Hua, X., Lanfear, R., & Cowman, P. F. 2015a. Exploring the relationships between mutation rates, life history, genome size, environment, and species richness in flowering plants. American Naturalist 185: 507-524.

Bromham, L. [et al. 2015b], Hua, X., & Cardillo, M. 2016 [= 2015b]. Detecting macroevolutionary self-destruction from phylogenies. Syst. Biol. 65: 109-127.

Bronstein, J. L. 1994. Our current understanding of mutualism. Quart. Rev. Biol. 69: 31-51.

Brooker, M. I. H., & Nicolle, D. 2013. Atlas of Leaf Venation and Oil Gland Patterns in the Eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing.

Brooks, D. D. [et al. 2015], Hereward, J. P., Terry, L. I., & Walter, G. H. 2015. Evolutionary dynamics of a cycad obligate pollination mutualism - pattern and process in extant Macrozamia cycads and their specialist thrips pollinators. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 93: 83-93.

Brooks, R. R. [ed.] 1998. Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals: Their Role in Phytoremediation, Microbiology, Archaeology, Mineral Exploration and Phytomining. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.

Brookshire, E. N. J., & Thomas, S. A. 2013. Ecosystem consequences of tree monodominance for nitrogen cycling in lowland tropical forest. PLoS ONE 8(7):e70491. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070491

Brosi, B. J., & Briggs, H. M. 2013. Single pollinator species losses reduce floral fidelity and plant reproductive function. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 110: 13044-13048.

Brottier, L. [et al. 2018], Chaintreuil, C., Simion P., Scornavacca. C., Rivallan, R., Mournet, P., Moulin, L., Lewis, G. P., Fardoux, J.,. Brown, S. C., Gomez-Pacheco, M., Bourges, M., Hervouet, C., Gueye, M., Duponnois, R., Ramanankierana, H., Randriambanona, H., Vandrot, H., Zabaleta, M., DasGupta, M., D’Hont, A., Giraud, E., & Arrighi, J.-F. 2018. A phylogenetic framework of the legume genus Aeschynomene for comparative genetic analysis of the Nod-dependent and Nod-independent symbioses. BMC Plant Biol. 18:333. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1567-z

Brouat, C. [et al. 2001], Garcia, N., Andary, C., & McKey, D. 2001. Plant lock and ant key: Pairwise coevolution of an exclusion filter in an ant-plant mutualism. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 268: 2131-2141.

Brough, P. 1933. The life history of Grevillea robusta Cunn. Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 58: 33-73, pl. 2.

Brouillet, L. 2001. Begoniaceae and the Cucurbitales: A morphological phylogenetic analysis. P. 94, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Brouillet, L. [et al. 1987], Betrand, C., Cuerrier, A., & Barabé, D. 1987. Les hydathodes de genres Begonia et Hillebrandia (Begoniaceae). Canadian J. Bot. 65: 34-52.

Brouillet, L. [et al. 2009], Lowrey, T. K., Urbatsch, L., Karaman-Castro, V., Sancho, G., Wagstaff, S., & Semple, J. C. 2009. Astereae. Pp. 587-629, in Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F., & Bayer, R. J. (eds). Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of Compositae. I.A.P.T., Vienna.

Brouland, M. 1935. Recherches sur la anatomie florale des Renonculacées. Le Botaniste 27: 1-252.

Brouwer, R. 1953. The arrangement of the vascular bundles in the nodes of the Dioscoreaceae. Acta Bot. Neerlandica 2: 66-73, pl. 1-2.

Brower, L. P., & Brower, J. van Z. 1964. Birds, butterflies, and plant poisons: A study in ecological chemistry. Zoologica 49(9): 137-159.

Brower, A. V. Z., & Garzón-Orduña, I. J. 2018. Missing data, clade support and "reticulation": The molecular systematics of Heliconius and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) re-examined. Cladistics 34: 151-166.

Brower, A. V. Z. [et al. 2006], Freitas, A. V. L., Lee, M.-M., Silva Brandão, K. L., Whinnett, A., & Willmott, K. R. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions. Syst. Entomol. 31: 288-301.

Brower, A. V. Z. [et al. 2010], Wahlberg, N., Ogawa, J. R., Boppré, M., & Vane-Wright, R. I. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships among genera of danaine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as implied by morphology and SDNA sequences. Syst. Biodiv. 8: 75-89.

Brown, A. P., & Brockman, G. 2015. New taxa of Caladenia (Orchidaceae) from south-west Western Australia. Nuytsia 25: 45-123.

Brown, D. K., & Kaul, R. B. 1981. Floral structure and mechanism in Loasaceae. American J. Bot. 68: 361-372.

Brown, E. D., & Hopkins, M. J. D. 1995. A test of pollinator specificity and morphological convergence between nectarivorous birds and rain-forest tree flowers in New Guinea. Oecologia 103: 89-100.

Brown, E. M. [et al. 1997], Burbidge, A. H., Del, J., Edinger, D., Hopper, S. D., & Wills, R. T. 1997. Pollination in Western Australia: A database of Animals Visiting Flowers. Handbook No. 15, Western Australian Naturalists' Club, Perth.

Brown, G. K. 2003. Vireya rhododendrons: An insight into their relationships. Pp. 95-110, in Argent, G., & McFarlane, M. (eds), Rhododendrons in Horticulture and Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Brown, G. K. 2008. Systematics of the tribe Ingeae (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) over the past 25 years. Muelleria 26: 27-42.

Brown, G. K. 2017. Bromeliad systematics - stepping back to move forward. J. Bromeliad Soc. 66: 149-159.

Brown, G. K., & Gilmartin, A. J. 1986. Chromosomes of the Bromeliaceae. Selbyana 9: 88-93.

Brown, G. K., & Gilmartin, A. J. 1988. Comparative ontogeny of bromeliaceous stigmas. Pp. 191-204, in Leins, P., Tucker, S. C., & Endress, P. K. (eds), Aspects of Floral Development. J. Cramer, Berlin.

Brown, G. K., & Gilmartin, A. J. 1989. Chromosome numbers in Bromeliaceae. American J. Bot. 9: 76: 657-665.

Brown, G. K., & Gilmartin, A. J. 1999. Stigma types in Bromeliaceae - a systematic survey. Syst. Bot. 14: 110-132.

Brown, G. K., & Terry, R. G. 1992. Petal appendages in Bromeliaceae. American J. Bot. 79: 1051-1071.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2001], Udovic, F., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2001. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Melaleuca, Callistemon and related genera. Australian Syst. Bot. 14: 565-585.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2006a], Craven, L. A., Udovic, F., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2006a. Phylogeny of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) based on two non-coding regions of cpDNA. Plant Syst. Evol. 257: 57-93.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2006b], Ariati, S. R., Murphy, D. J., Miller, J. T. H., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2006b. Bipinnate acacias (Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae) of eastern Australia are polyphyletic based on DNA sequence data. Australian Syst. Bot. 19: 315-326.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2006c], Craven, L. A., Udovic, F., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2006c. Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) inferred from the ITS nrDNA region. Australian Syst. Bot. 19: 329-342.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2006d], Nelson, G., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2006d. Historical biogeography of Rhododendron section Vireya and the Malesian archipelago. J. Biogeog. 33: 1929-1944.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2008], Murphy, D. J., Miller, J. T., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2008. Acacia s.s. and its relationship among tropical legumes, tribe Ingeae (Leguminose: Mimosoideae). Syst. Bot. 33: 739-751.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2012], Murphy, D. J., Kidman, J., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2012. Phylogenetic connections of phyllodinous species of Acacia outside Australia are explained by geological history and human-mediated dispersal. Australian Syst. Bot. 25: 390-403.

Brown, G. K. [et al. 2022], Aju, J., Bayly, M. J., Murphy, D. J., & McLay, T. G. B. 2022. Phylogeny and classification of the Australasian and Indomalayan mimosoid legumes Archidendron and Archidendropsis (Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade). In: Hughes, C. E., de Queiroz, L. P., Lewis, G. P. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 299-334. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.79381

Brown, J. [et al. 2001], Ferrians, O. J. Jr., Heginbottom, J. A., & Melinkov, E. S. 2001. Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions. version 2. United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC. See also: National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (eds). 2013. https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/permafrost-circum-arctic-map-permafrost-and-ground-ice-conditions

Brown, J. H. 2014. Why are there so many species in the tropics? J. Biogeog. 41: 8-22.

Brown, J. H., & Kodric-Brown, A. 1979. Convergence, competition, and mimicry in a temperate community of hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Ecology 60: 1022-1035.

Brown, J. H. [et al. 2004], Gillooly, J. F., Allen, A. P., Savage, V. M., & West, G. B. 2004. Towards a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85: 1771-1789.

Brown, J. M. [et al. 1997], Leebens-Mack, J. N., Thompson, J. N., Pellmyr, O., & Harrison, R. G. 1997. Phylogeography and host association in a pollinating seed parasite Greya politella (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Molec. Ecol. 6: 215-224.

Brown, J. W., & Smith, S. A. 2017/18. The past sure is tense: On interpreting phylogenetic divergence time estimates. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1011.113720 = Brown, J. W., & Smith, S. A. 2018. The past sure is tense: On interpreting phylogenetic divergence time estimates. Syst. Biol. 67: 340-353.

Brown, J. W. [et al. 2017], Parins-Kukuchi, C., Stull, G. W., Vargas, O. M., & Smith, S. A. 2017. Bayesian and likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions of morphological traits are not discordant when taking uncertainty into consideration: A comment on Puttick et al. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 284:20170986. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0986 [See also Puttick et al. 2017a, b.]

Brown, K. S., Jr. 1987. Chemistry at the Solanaceae/Ithomiinae interface. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 359-397.

Brown, K. S., Jr. [et al. 1995], Klitzke, C. F., Berlingeri, C., & dos Santos, P. E. R. 1995. Neotropical swallowtails: Chemistry of food plant relationships, population ecology, and biosystematiocs. Pp. 405-445, in Scriber, J. M., Tsubaki, Y., & Lederhouse, R. C. (eds), Swallowtail Butterflies: Their Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Scientific, Gainesville, FLA.

Brown, L., & Lugo, A. E. 1984. Biomass of tropical forests: A new estimate based on forest volumes. Science 223: 1290-1293.

Brown, M. [et al. 2010], Downs, C. T., & Johnson, S. D. 2010. Pollination of the red hot poker Kniphofia caulescens by short-billed opportunistic avian nectarivores. South African J. Bot. 75: 707-712.

Brown, N. J. [et al. 2011], Newell, C. A., Stanley, S., Chen, J. E., Perrin, A. J., Kajala, K., & Hibberd, J. M. 2011. Independent and parallel recruitment of preexisting mechanisms underlying C₄ photosynthesis. Science 331: 1436-1439.

Brown, P. D., & Morra, M. J. 1997. Control of soil-born plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants. Adv. Agronomy 61: 167-231.

Brown, R. 1814. General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of terra australis. Pp. 533-613, in Flinders, M., The Voyage to Terra Australis..., vol. 2. G. & W. Nicol, London.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 1984. Spore wall development in Andreaea (Musci: Andreaeopsida). American J. Bot. 71: 412-420.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 1990. Monoplastidic cell division in lower land plants. American J. Bot. 77: 559-571.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 1997. The quadripolar microtubule system in lower land plants. J. Plant. Res. 110: 93-106.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2000. The cytoskeleton and polarization during pollen development in Carex blanda (Cyperaceae). American J. Bot. 87: 1-11.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2001. Sporogenesis in eusporangiate ferns: I. Monoplastidic meiosis in Angiopteris (Marattiales). J. Plant. Res. 114: 223-235.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2007. The pleiomorphic plant MTOC: An evolutionary perspective. J. Integrat. Plant Biol. 49: 1142-1153.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2008. γ-Tubulin and microtubule organization during meiosis in the liverwort Ricciocarpus natans (Ricciaceae). American J. Bot. 95: 664-671.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2011a. Spores before sporophytes: Hypothesizing the origin of sporogenesis at the algal-plant transition. New Phytol. 190: 875-881.

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2011b. Dividing without centrioles: Innovative plant microtubule organizing centres organize mitotic spindles in bryophytes, the earliest extant lineages of land plants. AoB Plants plr028. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plr028

Brown, R. C., & Lemmon, B. E. 2013. Sporogenesis in bryophytes: Patterns and diversity in meiosis. Bot. Review 79: 178-280.

Brown, R. C. [et al. 1982], Lemmon, B. E., & Carothers, Z. B. 1982. Spore wall ultrastructure of Sphagnum lescurii Sull. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 38: 99-107.

Brown, R. C. [et al. 2004], Lemmon, B. E., & Nguyen, H. 2004. Comparative anatomy of the chalazal endosperm cyst in seeds of the Brassicaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 144: 375-394.

Brown, R. C. [et al. 2007], Lemmon, B. E., & Shimamura, M. 2007. Transformations of the pleiomorphic plant MTOC during sporogenesis in the hepatic Marchantia polymorpha. J. Integrat. Plant Biol. 49: 1244-1252.

Brown, R. C. [et al. 2010], Lemmon, B. E., & Shimamura, M. 2010. Diversity in meiotic spindle origin and determination of cytokinetic planes in sporogenesis of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida). J. Plant Res. 123: 589-605.

Brown, R. C. [et al. 2015], Lemmon, B. E., Shimamura, M., Villareal, J. C., & Renzaglia, K. S. 2015. Spores of relictual bryophytes: Diverse adaptations to life on land. Rev. Palaeobot Palynol. 216: 1-17.

Brown, R. H. 1999. Agronomic implications of C₄ photosynthesis. Pp. 473-507, in Sage, R. F., & Monson, R. K. (eds), C₄ Plant Biology. Academic Press, San Diego.

Brown, R. H. [et al. 2010], Nickrent, D. L., & Gasser, C. S. 2010. Expression of ovule and integument-associated genes in reduced ovules of Santalales. Evol. Devel. 12: 231-240.

Brown, S. [et al. 1993], Iverson, L. R., Prasad, A., & Liu, D. 1993. Geographic distributions of carbon in biomass and soils of tropical Asian forests. Geocarto Internat. 4: 45-59.

Brown, S. A. E. [et al. 2012], Scott, A. C., Glasspool, I. J., & Collinson, M. E. 2012. Cretaceous wildfires and their impact on the earth system. Cretaceous Res. 36: 162-190.

Brown, W. H. 1938. The bearing of nectaries on the phylogeny of flowering plants. Proc. American Phil. Soc. 79: 549-595.

Brown, W. V. 1977. The Kranz syndrome and its subtypes in grass sysematics. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 1-97.

Brown, W. V. [et al. 1957], Heimsch, C., & Emery, W. H. P. 1957. The organization of the grass shoot apex and systematics. American J. Bot. 44: 590-595.

Brozová, V. [et al. 2022], Procków, J., & Záveská Drábková, L. 2022. Toward finally unraveling the phylogenetic relationships of Juncaceae with respect to another cyperid family, Cyperaceae. Molec Phyl. Evol. 177:107588. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107588 - See also Elliott, T. L. [et al. 2022a], Larridon, I., Barrett, R. L., Bruhl, J. J., Costa, S. M., Escudero, M., Hipp, A. L., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Kirschner, J., Luceño, M., Márquez-Corro, J. I., Martín-Bravo, S., Roalson, E. H., Semmouri, I., Spalink, D., Thomas, W. W., Villaverde, T., Wilson, K. L., & Muasya, A. M. 2023 [= 2022a]. Addressing inconsistencies in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae taxonomy: Comment on Brozová et al. (2022). Molec. Phylog. Evol. 179:107665.

Brubaker, L. B. [et al. 1995], Anderson, P. M., & Hu, F. S. 1995. Arctic tundra biodiversity: A temporal perspective from Late Quaternary pollen records. Pp. 111-125, in Chapin, F. S. III, & Körner, C. (eds), Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences. Springer, Berlin. [Ecol. Studies vol. 113.]

Bruchmann, H. 1906. Ueber das Prothallium und die Sporenpflanze von Botrychium lunaria Sw.. Flora 96: 203-230.

Bruchmann, H. 1910. Die Keimung der Sporen und die Entwicklung der Prothallien von Lycopodium clavatum L., L.annotinum L. und L. selago L.. Flora 101: 220-267.

Bruchmann, H. 1912. Zur Embryologie der Selaginellaceen. Flora 104: 180-224.

Brückner, C. 1982. Zur Kenntnis der Fruchtmorphologie der Papaveraceae Juss. s. str. und der Hypecoaceae (Prantl & Kündig.) Nak.. Feddes Repert. 93: 153-212.

Brückner, C. 1983. Zur Morphologie der Samenschale in den Papaveraceae Juss. s. str. und Hypecoaceae (Prantl et Kündig) Nak.. Feddes Repert. 94: 361-405, Taf. 33-36.

Brückner, C. 1984. Zur Narbenform und zur karpelmorphologischen Stellung der Fumariaceae DC. in den Papaverales. Gleditschia 11: 5-16.

Brückner, C. 1985a. Zur Samenmorphologie in Corydalis Vent. (Fumariaceae DC.). Gleditschia 13: 53-61, Taf. 3-4.

Brückner, C. 1985b. Frucht- und Samenanatomie von Pteridophyllum racemosum Sieb. et Zucc. und die Position der monotypischen Gattung in den Papaverales. Feddes Repert. 96: 199-213, pl. 7-8.

Brückner, C. 1991. Fruchtanatomische Studien an Dictamnus albus L., Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, Ptelea trifoliata L. und Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae). Feddes Repert. 102: 541-570.

Brückner, C. 1992. Gynoecium morphology and fruit anatomy of Pseudofumaria Medik. (Fumariaceae), with a discussion of carpellary composition. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 114: 251-271.

Brückner, C. 1993. Comparative carpology in the tuber-bearing sections and sect. Capnogorium of Corydalis DC. (Fumariaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 115: 367-420.

Brückner, C. 1995. Comparative seed structure in Ranunculiflorae. Pp. 83-84, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Brückner, C. 2000. Clarification of the carpel number in Papaverales, Capparales, and Berberidaceae. Bot. Review 66: 155-307.

Brückner, G. 1926. Beiträge zur Anatomie, Morphologie und Systematik der Commelinaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 61, Beibl. 137: 1-72, Taf. 1-7.

Brudermann, A. [et al. 2018], Martínez-Azorín, M., Knirsch, W., & Wetschnig, W. 2019 [= 2018]. Seed morphology of Rhodocodon (Hyacinthaceae) and its systematic implications. Phyton (Horn) 58: 139-154.

Brudermann, A. [et al. 2019], Martínez-Azorín, M., Koller, C., Luidold, A. K., Stabentheiner, E., & Wetschnig, W. 2019. SEM obervations on the seed surface of Hyacinthaceae. Phyton (Horn) 59: 69-90.

Brues, C. 1924. The specificity of food plants in the evolution of phytophagous insects. American Naturalist 58: 127-144.

Brugger, J., & Rutishauser, R. 1989. Bau und Entwicklung landbewohnender Utricularia-Arten. Bot. Helvetica 99: 91-146.

Bruhl, J. J. 1991. Comparative development of some taxonomically critical floral/inflorescence features in Cyperaceae. Australian J. Bot. 39: 119-127.

Bruhl, J. J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: Relationships and a new classification of the Cyperaceae. Australian Syst. Bot. 8: 125-305.

Bruhl, J. J., & Wilson, K. L. 2007 [= 2008]. Torwards a comprehensive survey of C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic pathways in Cyperaceae. Pp. 99-148, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales.. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 23: 99-148.]

Bruhl, J. J. [et al. 2024], Wilson, K. L., & Zhang, X. 2024. A taxonomic review of the austral genera Asterochaete and Carpha (Cyperaceae, Carpheae). Australian Syst. Bot. 37:SB23015. doi:10.1071/SB23015

Brullo, S., & Erben, M. 2016. The genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Greece. Phytotaxa 240: 1-212.

Brummitt, R. K. 2007. Acanthaceae, pp. 23-24, Gesneriaceae, pp. 155-156, Hydrophyllaceae, pp. 171-172, Leitneriaceae, p. 189, Lennoaceae, p. 189, Linaceae, pp. 192-193, Montiniaceae, pp. 207-208, Oleaceae, pp. 232-233, Peganaceae, pp. 246-247, Pteleocarpaceae, p. 270, Rutaceae, pp. 187-188, and Sphenocleaceae, pp. 308-309, in Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A., & Seberg, O. (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Brummitt, R. K., & Cheek, M. R. 2007. Hoplestigmataceae. P. 167, in Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A., & Seberg, O. (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Brummitt, R. K., & Green, P. S. 2007. Oleaceae. Pp. 234-235, in Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A., & Seberg, O. (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Brummitt, R. K., & Stannard, B. L. 2007. Kirkiaceae. P. 177, in Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A., & Seberg, O. (eds), Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Brummitt, R. K. [et. al. 1998], Rudall, P. J., Banks, H., Johnson, M. A. T., Docherty, K. A., Jones, K., Chase, M. W., & Rudall, P. J. 1998. Taxonomy of the Cyanastroideae (Tecophilaeaceae): A multidisciplinary approach. Kew Bull. 53: 769-803.

Brundrett, M. C. 2002. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. New Phytol. 154: 275-304.

Brundrett, M. C. 2004. Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations. Biol. Rev. 79: 473-495.

Brundrett, M. C. 2008. Mycorrhizal Associations: The Web Resource. http://mycorrhizas.info/

Brundrett, M. C. 2009. Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: Understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis. Plant and Soil 320: 37-77.

Brundrett, M. C. 2011. Commentary on the de Vega et al. (2010) paper on hyphae in the parasitic plant Cytinus: Mycorrhizal fungi growing within plants are not always mycorrhizal. American J. Bot. 98: 595-596.

Brundrett, M. C. 2017a. Distribution and evolution of mycorrhizal types and other specialized roots in Australia. Pp. 361-394, in Tedersoo, L. (ed.), Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Springer, Switzerland. [Ecological Studies 230.]

Brundrett, M. C. 2017b. Global diversity and importance of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. Pp. 533-566, in Tedersoo, L. (ed.), Biogeography of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Springer, Switzerland. [Ecological Studies 230.]

Brundrett, M. C., & Tedersoo, L. 2018. Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. New Phytol. 220: 1108-1115. doi: 10.1111/nph.14976

Brundrett, M. C. [et al. 2018], Walker, C., Harper, C. J., & Krings, M. 2018. Fossils of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi give insights into the history of a successful partnership with plants. Pp. 461-480, in Krings, M., Harper, C. J., Cúneo, N. R., & Rothwell, G. W. (eds), Transformative Paleobotany: Papers to Commemorate the Life and Legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Academic Press, London.

Bruneau, A. 1997. Evolution and homology of bird pollination syndromes in Erythrina (Leguminosae). American J. Bot. 84: 54-71.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2000], Breteler, F. J., Weiringa, J. J., Gervais, G. Y. F., & Forest, F. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships in tribes Macrolobieae and Detarieae as inferred from chloroplast trnL intron sequences. Pages 121-149 in Herendeen, P. S., & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics, part 9. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2001], Forest, F., Herendeen, P. S., Klitgaard, B. B., & Lewis, G. P. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships in the Caesalpinoideae (Leguminosae) as inferred from chloroplast trnL intron sequences. Syst. Bot. 26: 487-514.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2005], Klitgaard, B. B., Fougère-Danezan, M., & Tucker, S. C. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of floral ontogenetic and molecular characters in the Caesalpinioideae: Insights into floral evolution in the basal Leguminosae. P. 201, in XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, Europe. [Abstracts.]

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2007], Starr, J. R., & Joly, S. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Rosa: New evidence from chloroplast DNA sequences and an appraisal of current knowledge. Syst. Bot. 32: 366-378.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2008a], Mercure, M., Lewis, G. P., & Herendeen, P. S. 2008a. Phylogenetic patterns and diversification in the caesalpinioid legumes. Botany 86: 697-718.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2008b], Lewis, G. P., Herendeen, P. S., Schrire, B., & Mercure, M. 2008b. Biogeographic patterns in early-diverging clades of the Leguminosae. Pp. 98-99, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2013], Doyle, J. J., Herendeen, P. S., Hughes, C., Kenicer, G., Lewis, G., Mackinder, B., Pennington, R. T., Sanderson, M. J., & Wojciechowski, M. F. [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] 2013. Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: Progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades. Taxon 62: 217-248.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2014], Klitgaard, B. B., Prenner, G., Fougère-Danezan, M., & Tucker, S. C. 2014. Floral evolution in the Detarieae (Leguminosae): Phylogenetic evidence for labile floral development in an early-diverging legume lineage. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 175: 392-417.

Bruneau, A. [et al. 2024], Queiroz, L. P., Ringelberg, J. J., Borges, L. M., Bortoluzzi, R. L. C., Brown, G. K., Cardoso, D. B. O. S., Clark, R. P., Conceição, A. S., Cota, M. M. T., Demeulenaere, E., Duno de Stefano, R., Ebinger, J. E., Ferm, J., Fonseca-Cortés, A., Gagnon, E., Grether, R., Guerra, E., Haston, E., Herendeen, P. S., Hernández, H. M., Hopkins, H. C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Hughes, C. E., Ickert-Bond, S. M., Iganci, J., Koenen, E. J. M., Lewis, G. P., Lima, H. C., Lima, A. G., Luckow, M., Marazzi, B., Maslin, B. R., Morales, M., Morim, M. P., Murphy, D. J., O’Donnell, S. A., Oliveira, F. G., Oliveira, A. C. S., Rando, J., Ribeiro, P. G., Ribeiro, C. L., Santos, F. S., Seigler, D. S., Silva, G. S., Simon, M. F., Soares, M. V. B., & Terra, V. 2024. Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification. PhytoKeys 240: 1-552. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716

Bruniera, C. P. [et al. 2015], Kallunki, J. A., & Groppo, M. 2015. Almeidea A. St.-Hil. belongs to Conchocarpous J. C. Mikan (Galipeinae, Rutaceae): Evidence from morphological and molecular data, with a first analysis of subtribe Galipeinae. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0125650. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125650

Brüning, R., & H. Wagner, H, 1978. Übersicht über die Celastraceen-Inhalstsstoffe: Chemie, Chemotaxonomie, Biosynthese, Pharmakologie. Phytochem. 17: 1821-1858.

Brunkard, J. O., & Zambryski, P. C. 2017. Plasmodesmata enable multicellularity: New insights into their evolution, biogenesis, and functions in development and immunity. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 35: 76-83.

Brunken, U. 2003. Androecial structure and ontogeny of Grewioideae (Malvaceae s.l.). Palm. Hortus Francofurtensis 7: 135.

Brunken, U., & Bayer, C. 2006. Floral structure and development in Malvaceae-Grewioideae. P. 196, in XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, Europe. [Abstracts.]

Brunken, U., & Muellner, A. H. 2012. A new tribal classification of Grewioideae (Malvaceae) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. Syst. Bot. 37: 699-711.

Bruns, T. D., & Shefferson, R. P. 2004. Evolutionary studies of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Recent advances and future directions. Canadian J. Bot. 82: 1122-1132.

Bruns, T. D., & Taylor, J. W. 2016. Comment on "Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism". Science 351: 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4248

Bruns, T. D. [et al. 1998], Szaro, T. M., Gardes, M., Cullings, P. W., Pan, J. J., Taylor, D. L., Horton, D. R., Kretzer, A., Garbelotto, M., & Li, Y. 1998. A sequence database for the identification of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes by phylogenetic analysis. Molec. Ecol. 7: 257-272.

Bruns, T. D. [et al. 2002], Bidartondo, M. I., & Taylor, D. L. 2002. Host specificity in ectomycorrhizal communities: What do the exceptions tell us? Integr. Compar. Biol. 42: 352-359.

Bruns, T. D. [et al. 2018], Corradi, N., Redecker, D., Taylor, J. W., & Öpik, M. 2018. Glomeromycotina: What is a species and why should we care? New Phytol. 220: 963-967.

Brunsfeld, S. J. [et al. 1994], Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., Gadek, P. A., Quinn, C. J., Strenge, D. D., & Ranker, T. A. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae: Evidence from rbcL sequences. Syst. Bot. 19: 253-262.

Brunton Martin, A. L. [et al. 2021], Gaskett, A. C., & O'Hanlon, J. C. 2021. Museum records indicate male bias in pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids. Sci. Nat. 108:25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-021-01737-x

Brush, G. S., & Hilgartner, W. B. 2000. Paleoecology of submerged macrophytes in the upper Chesapeake Bay. Ecol. Monogr. 70: 645-667.

Bruun-Lund, S. [et al. 2017a], Clement, W. I., Kjellberg, F., & Rønsted, N. 2017a. First plastid phylogengenomic study reveals potential cyto-nuclear discordance in the evolutionary history of Ficus (Moraceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 109: 93-104.

Bruun-Lund, S. [et al. 2017b], Verstraete, B., Kjellberg, F., & Rønsted, N. 2018 [= 2017b]. Rush hour in the museum - diversification patterns provide new clues for the success of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Acta Oecol. 90: 4-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2017.11.001

Bruyns, P. V. 2000. Phylogeny and biogeography of the stapeliads. 1. Phylogeny. Plant Syst. Evol. 221: 199-226.

Bruyns, P. V. 2005. Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar. 2 vols. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa.

Bruyns, P. V. 2010. Towards the phylogeny of the succulent Euphorbiaceae. Schumannia 6: 37-58. [Biodivers. Ecol. 3.]

Bruyns, P. V. 2022. Euphorbia in Southern Africa. 2 vols. Springer Nature, Cham.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2006], Mapaya, R. J., & Hedderson, T. 2006. A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 52: 397-420.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2010], al Farsi, A., & Hedderson, T. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships in Caralluma R. Br. (Apocynaceae). Taxon 59: 1031-1043.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2011], Klak, C., & Hanácek, P. 2011. Age and diversity in Old World succulent species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 60: 1717-1733.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2014a], Klak, C., & Hanácek, P. 2014a. Evolution of the stapeliads (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) - repeated major radiation across Africa in an Old World group. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 77: 251-263.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2014b], Oliveira-Neto, M., Melo-de-Pinna, G. F., & Klak, C. 2014b. Phylogenetic relationships in the Didiereaceae with special reference to the Portulacarioideae. Taxon 63: 1053-1064.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2015], Klak, C., & Hanácek, P. 2015. Recent radiation of Brachystelma and Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) across the Old World against a background of climatic change. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 90: 49-66.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2017], Klak, C., & Hanácek, P. 2017. A revised, phylogenetically-based concept of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae). South African J. Bot. 112: 399-436. Corrigenda: South African J. Bot. 116: 140-141. 2018, South African J. Bot. 132: 511. 2020.

Bruyns, P. V. [et al. 2018], Hanácek, P., & Klak, C. 2019 [= 2018]. Crassula, insights into an old, arid-adapted group of southern African leaf-succulents. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 131: 35-47.

Bruzone, M. C. [et al. 2013], Fontenla, S. P., & Vohník, M. 2014 [=2013]. Is the prominent ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae absent in the Southern Hemisphere’s Ericaceae? A case study on the diversity of root mycobionts in Gaultheria spp. from northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Mycorrhiza 25: 25-40.

Bruzzese D. J. [et al. 2019], Wagner D. L., Harrison T., Jogesh T., Overson R. P., Wickett N. J., Raguso, R. A., & Skogen, K. A. 2019. Phylogeny, host use, and diversification in the moth family Momphidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). PLoS ONE 14(6):e0207833. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207833

Brzostek, E. R. [et al. 2015], Dragoni, D., Brown, Z. A., & Phillips, R. P. 2015. Mycorrhizal type determines the magnitude and direction of root-induced changes in decomposition in a temperate forest. New Phytol. 206: 1274-1282.

Bu, Z.-J. [et al. 2017], Sundberg, S., Feng, L., Li, H.-K., Zhao, H.-Y., & Li, H.-C. 2017. The Methuselah of plant diaspores: Sphagnum spores can survive in nature for centuries. New Phytol. 214: 1398-1402.

Buchholz, J. T. 1929. The embryogeny of the conifers. Proc. Internat. Cong. Plant Sci. 1: 359-392.

Buchholz, J. T. 1931. The pine embryo and embryos of related genera. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 23: 117-125.

Buchholz, J. T. 1941. Embryogeny of the Podocarpaceae. Bot. Gaz. 103: 1-37.

Buchmann, S. L. 1983. Buzz pollination in angiosperms. Pp. 73-113, in Jones, C. E., & Little, R. J. (eds), Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. Scientific & Academic Editions, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Buchmann, S. L. 1987. The ecology of oil flowers and their bees. Annual Review Ecol. Syst. 18: 343-369.

Buchmann, S. L., & Buchmann, M. D. 1981. Anthecology of Mouriri myrtilloides (Melastomataceae: Memecyleae), an oil flower in Panama. Biotropica 13 (Suppl.): 7-24.

Buchmann, S. L., & Hurley, J. P. 1978. A biophysical model for buzz pollination in angiosperms. J. Theor. Biol. 72: 639-657.

Buchner, R., & Puff, C. 1993. The genus complex Danais-Schismatoclada-Payera (Rubiaceae). Character states, generic delimitation and taxonomic position. Bull. Mus. National Hist. Natur. Paris, Sér. 4, Sect. B. Adansonia 15: 23-74.

Buchner, R. [et al. 1990], Halbritter, H., Pfundner, G., & Hesse, M. 1990. Pollen of Limnanthes douglasii: A reinvestigataion. Grana 29: 207-211.

Buchwalder, K. [et al. 2014], Samain, M.-S., Sankowsky, G., Neinhuis, C., & Wanke, S. 2014. Nomenclatural updates of Aristolochia subgenus Pararistolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Australian Syst. Bot. 27: 48-55.

Buck, K. T. 1987. The bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Pp. 1-222, in Brossi A. (ed.), The Alkaloids, vol. 29. Academic Press, New York.

Buck, W. R., & Goffinet, B. 2000. Morphology and classification of mosses. Pp. 71-123, in Shaw, A. J., & Goffinet, B. (eds), Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Buck, W. R. [et al. 2004], Cox, C. J., Shaw, A. J., & Goffinet, B. 2004. Ordinal relationships of pleurocarpous mosses, with special emphasis on the Hookeriales. Syst. Biodiv. 2: 121-145.

Buckeridge, M. S. 2010. Seed cell wall storage polysaccharides: Models to understand cell wall biosynthesis and degradation. Plant Physiol. 154: 1017-1023.

Buckeridge, M. S. [et al. 1995], Panagassi, V. R., Rocha, D. C., & Dietrich, S. M. C. 1995. Seed galactomannan in the classification and evolution of the Leguminosae. Phytochem. 38: 871-875.

Buckeridge, M. S. [et al. 2000a], dos Santos, H. P., & Tiné, M. A. S. 2000. Mobilisation of storage cell wall polysaccharides in seeds. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 38: 141-156.

Buckeridge, M. S. [et al. 2000b], Dietrich, S. M. C., & de Lima, D. U. 2000. Galactomannans as the reserve carbohydrate in legume seeds. Pp. 283-316, in Gupta, A. K., & Kaur, N. (eds), Carbohydrate Reserves in Plants - Synthesis and Application. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Buckley, H. L. [et al. 2003], Miller, T. E., Ellison, A. M., & Gotelli, N. J. 2003. Reverse latitudinal trends in species richness of pitcher-plant food webs. Ecol. Letters 6: 825-829.

Buckley, T. N. [et al. 2011], Sack, L., & Gilbert, M. E. 2011. The role of bundle sheath extensions and life form in stomatal responses to leaf water stress. Plant Physiol. 156: 962-973.

Bucksch, A. [et al. 2017], Atta-Boateng, A., Azihou, A. F., Battogtokh, D., Baumgartner, A., Binder, B. M., Braybrook, S. A., Chang, C., Coneva, V., DeWitt, T. J., Fletcher, A. G., Gehan, M. A., Diaz-Martinez, D. H., Hong, L., Iyer-Pascuzzi, A. S., Klein, L. L., Leiboff, S., Li, M., Lynch, J. P., Maizel, A., Maloof, J. N., Markelz, R. J. C., Martinez, C. C., Miller, L. A., Mio, W., Palubicki, W., Poorter, H., Pradal, C., Price, C. A., Puttonen, E., Reese, J. B., Rellán-Álvarez, R., Spalding, E. P., Sparks, E. E., Topp, C. N., Williams, J. H., & Chitwood, D. H. 2017. Morphological plant modeling: Unleashing geometric and topological potential within the plant sciences. Front. Plant Sci. 8:900. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00900

Buczkowski, E. L. [et al. 2015], Stockey, R. A., Atkinson, B. A., & Rothwell, G. W. 2016 [= 2015]. Cunninghamia beardii sp. nov. (Cupressaceae: Cunninghamioideae), anatomically preserved pollen cones from the Eocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 177: 103-114.

Budantsev, L. (ed.). 1994. Magnoliophyta fossilia rossiae et civitatum finitimarum. Volumen 3 Leitneriaceae - Juglandaceae. St Petersburg. [See Takhtajan 1974, 1982 for volumes 1 and 2.]

Budantsev, L. (ed.). 2005. Magnoliophyta fossilia rossiae et civitatum finitimarum. Volumen 4 Nyctaginaceae - Salicaceae. MMV, Moscow. [In Russian.]

Budd, A. F. [et al. 1996], Johnson, K. G., & Stemann, T. A. 1996. Plio-Pleistocene turnover and extinctions in the Caribbean reef-coral fauna. Pp. 168-204, in Jackson, J. B. C., Budd, A. F., & Coates, A. G. (eds), Evolution and Environment in Tropical America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Budd, G. E., & Mann, R. P. 2019. The dynamics of stem and crown groups. bioχriv https://doi.org/10.1101/63008 = Budd, G. E., & Mann, R. P. 2020. The dynamics of stem and crown groups.Sci. Advances 6:eaaz1626.

Budd, G. E. [et al. 2021], Mann, R. P., Doyle, J. A., Coiro, M., & Hilton, J. 2021. Fossil data do not support a long pre-Cretaceous history of flowering plants. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.16.431478

Buddenhagen, C. E. [et al. 2016], Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Bruhl, J., Cappa, J., Clement, W. L., Donoghue, M., Edwards, E. J., Hipp, A. L., Kortyna, M., Mitchell, N., Moore, A., Prychid, C. J., Segovia-Salcedo, M. C., Simmons, M. P., Soltis, P. S., Wanke, S., & Mast, A. 2016. Anchored phylogenomics of angiosperms I: Assessing the robustness of phylogenetic estimates. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/086298

Buddenhagen, C. E. [et al. 2017], Thomas, W. W., & Mast, A. R. 2017. A first look at diversification of beaksedges (tribe Rhynchosporeae: Cyperaceae) in habitat, pollination, and photosynthetic features. Pp. 113-126, in Campbell, L. M., Davis, J. I., Meerow, A. W., Naczi, R. F. C., Stevenson, D. M., & Thomas, W. W. (eds), Diversity and Phylogeny of the Monocotyledons. Contributions from Monocots V. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. [Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 118.]

Buendía-Monreal, M., & Gillmor, C. S. 2018. The times they are a-changin’: Heterochrony in plant development and evolution. Frontiers Plant Sci. 9:1349.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2009], Forest, F., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Callmander, M. W., Nylander, J. A. A., Harrington, M., Sanmartín, I., Küpfer, F., & Alvarez, N. 2009. Plastid and nuclear DNA markers reveal intricate relationships at subfamilial and tribal levels in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 51: 238-258.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2010a], Lowry, P. P. II, Phillipson, P. B., & Callmander, M. W. 2010a. Molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence supports recognition of Gereaua, a new endemic genus of Sapindaceae from Madagascar. Syst. Bot. 35: 172-180.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2010b], Lowry, P. P. II, Alvarez, N., Razafimandimbison, S. G., Küpfer, P., & Callmander, M. W. 2010b. Phylogeny and circumscription of Sapindaceae revisited: Molecular sequence data, morphology, and biogeography support recognition of a new family, Xanthoceraceae. Plant Ecol. Evol. 143: 148-159.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2010c], Forest, F., Alvarez, N., Nylander, J. A. A., Arrigo, N., & Sanmartín, I. 2010c. An evaluation of new parsimony-based versus parametric inference methods in biogeography: A case study using the globally distributed plant family Sapindaceae. J. Biogeog. 38: 531-550.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2010d], Forest, F., Salamin, N., & Alvarez, N. 2011 [= 2010d]. Comparative performance of supertree algorithms in large data sets using the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) as a case study. Syst. Biol. 60: 32-44.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2012a], Callmander, M. W., Lowry, P. P. II, Devey, D. S., & Munzinger, J. 2012a. Phylogenetic inference of New Caledonian lineages of Sapindaceae: Molecular evidence requires a reassessment of generic circumscriptions. Taxon 61: 109-119.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2012b], Callmander, M. W., Devey, D. S., Chappell, L., Gallaher, T., Munzinger, J., Haevermans, T., & Forest, F. 2012b. Straightening out the screw-pines: A first step in understanding phylogenetic relationships within Pandanaceae. Taxon 61: 1010-1020.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2013a], Manning, J. C., & Forest, F. 2013. Spatio-temporal history of the disjunct family Tecophilaeaceae: A tale involving the colonization of three Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ann. Bot. 111: 361-373.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2013b], Forest, F., Stadler, T., & Alvarez, N. 2013b. The abrupt climate change at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary and the emergence of South-East Asia triggered the spread of Sapindaceous lineages. Ann. Bot. 112: 151-160.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2013c], Devey, D. S., Callmander, M. W., Phillipson, P. B., & Forest, F. 2013c. Spatio-temporal history of the endemic genera of Madagascar. Bot. J. Linnean Soc.171: 304-329.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2017], Gallaher, T., Booth, T., Brewer, G., Forest, F., Pereira, J. T., & Callmander, M. W. 2017. Biogeography and evolution of the screw-pine genus Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae). Candollea 71: 217-229.

Buerki, S. [et al. 2021], Callmander, M. W., Acevedo-Rodríguez, P., Lowry, P. P. II, Munzinger, J., Bailey, P., Maurin, O., Brewer, G. E., Epitawalage, N., Baker, W. J., & Forest, F. 2021. An updated infra-familial classification of Sapindaceae based on targeted enrichment data. American J. Bot. 108:

Buell, M. F. 1935. Seed and seedling of Acorus calamus. Bot. Gaz. 96: 758-765.

Buell, M. F. 1938. Embryology of Acorus calamus. Bot. Gaz. 99: 556-568.

Bueno, C. G. [et al. 2017], Moora, M., Gertz, M., Davison, J., Öpik, M., Pärtel, M., Helm, A., Ronk, A., Kühn, I., & Zobel, M. 2017. Plant mycorrhizal status, but not type, shifts with latitiude and elevation in Europe. Global Ecol. Biogeog. 26: 690-699.

Bueno-Cebollada, C. A. [et al. 2023], Kvaček, J., & Barrón, E. 2024 [= 2023]. A new occurrence of the angiosperm genus Montsechia in upper Albian strata from the Maestrazgo Basin (Utrillas Group, Eastern Iberia). Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 321:105044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.105044

Buffam, I. [et al. 2011], Turner, M. G., Desai, A. R., Hanson, P. C., Rusak, J. A., Lottig, N. R., Stanley, E. H., & Carpenter, S. R. 2011. Integrating aquatic and terrestrial components to construct a complete carbon budget for a north temperate lake district. Global Change Biol. 17: 1193-1211.

Buggs, R. J. A. 2017. The deepening of Darwin's abominable mystery. Nature Ecol. Evol. 1:0169. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0169

Bukhari, G. [et al. 2016], Zhang, J. & Zhang, W. 2016. Patterns of floral organ initiation and evolution of floral symmetry in pentapetalous angiosperms. Pp. 21-22, in Botany 2016. Celebrating our History, Conserving our Future. Savannah, Georgia. [Abstracts.]

Bukhari, G. [et al. 2017], Zhang, J., Stevens, P. F., & Zhang, W. 2017. Evolution of the process underlying floral zygomorphy development in pentapetalous angiosperms. American J. Bot. 104: 1846-1856.

Bull-Hereñu, K., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2011a. Open and closed inflorescences: More than simple opposites. J. Experim. Bot. 62: 79-88.

Bull-Hereñu, K., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2011b. Ontogenetic course and spatial constraints in the appearance and disappearance of the terminal flower in inflorescences. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 172: 471-498.

Bull-Hereñu, K., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2013. Testing the ontogenetic base for the transient model of inflorescence development. Ann. Bot. 112: 1543-1551.

Bull-Hereñu, K. [et al. 2018], Ronse de Craene, L. 2020. Ontogenetic base for the shape variation of flowers in Malesherbia Ruiz & Pav. (Passifloraceae). Front. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00202

Bull-Hereñu, K. [et al. 2018], Ronse de Craene, L., & Pérez, F. 2018. Floral meristem size and organ number correlation in Eucryphia (Cunoniaceae). J. Plant Res. 131: 429-441.

Bullock, J. M., & Pywell, R. F. 2005. Rhinanthus: A tool for restoring diverse grassland? Folia Geobot. 40: 273-288.

Bultman, T. L. 1995. Mutualistic and parasitic interactions between Phorbia flies and Epichloe: Convergence between a fungus and entomophilous angiosperms. Canadian J. Bot. 73(suppl. 1): S1343-1348.

Bumrungsri, S. [et al. 2008], Harbit, A., Benzie, C., Carmouche, K., Sridith, K., & Racey, P. 2008. The pollination ecology of two species of Parkia (Mimosaceae) in southern Thailand. J. Trop. Ecol. 24: 467-475.

Bunsupa, S. [et al. 2012], Katayama, K., Ikeura, E., Oikawa, A., Toyooka, K., Saito, K., & Yamazaki, M. 2012. Lysine cecarboxylase catalyzes the first step of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis and coevolved with alkaloid production in Leguminosae. Plant Cell 24: 1202-1216. doi/10.1105/tpc.112.095885

Burck, W. 1910. Contribution to the knowledge of water-secretion in plants. II. Secretion of water in the flower. Proc. Konin. Nederlandse Akad. Wetensch. 12: 400-417.

Burchardt, P. [= 2020], Buddenhagen, C. E., Gaeta, M. L., Souza, M. D., Marques, A., & Vanzela, A. L. L. 2020. Holocentric karyotype evolution in Rhynchospora is marked by intense numerical, structural, and genome size changes. Front. Plant Sci. 11:536507. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.536507

Burckhardt, D. 2005. Biology, ecology, and evolution of gall-inducing psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Pp. 143-157, in Raman, A., Schaefer, C. W., & Withers, T. M. (eds), Biology, Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods. Science Publishers, Enfield, N.H.

Burckhardt, D., & Basset, Y. 2000. The jumping plant lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): Systematics, biogeography, and host plant relationships. J. Natural Hist. 34: 57-155.

Burelo-Ramos, C. M. [et al. 2009], Lorea-Hernández, F. G., & Vovides, A. P. 2009. Palynological survey of subtribe Pithecocteniinae (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 159: 155-162.

Bureš, P., & Zedek, F. 2014. Holokinetic drive: Centromere drive in chromosomes without centromeres. Evolution 68: 2412-2420.

Bureš, P. [et al. 2013], Zedek, K., & Marková, M. 2013. Holocentric chromosomes. Pp. 187-208, in Leitch, I. J., Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., & Wendel, J. F. (eds), Plant Genome Diversity. Volume 2. Physical Structure, Behaviour and Evolution of Plant Genomes. Springer, Vienna.

Burge, D. O [et al. 2011], Erwin, D. M., Islam, M. B., Kellermann, J., Kembel, S. W., Wilken, D. H., & Manos, P. S. 2011. Diversification of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) in the Californian floristic province. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 172: 1137-1164.

Burge, D. O. [et al. 2103], Mugford, K., Hastings, A. P., & Agrawal, A. A. 2013. Phylogeny of the plant genus Pachypodium (Apocynaceae). PeerJ 1:e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.70

Burgeff, 1959. Mycorrhiza of orchids. Pp. 361-395, in Withner, C. L. (ed.), The Orchids, a Scientifc Survey. Wiley, New York, pp 361-395

Burger, W. C. 1972. Evolutionary trends in the Central American species of Piper (Piperaceae). Brittonia 24: 356-362.

Burger, W. C. 1981. Why are there so many kinds of flowering plants? BioScience 31: 572, 577-581.

Burger, W. C. 1998. The question of cotyledon homology in angiosperms. Bot. Review 64: 356-371.

Burger, W. C. 2000. Pedaliaceae. Flora Costaricencis. Fieldiana Bot. N.S. 41: 162-164.

Burger, W. C., & Barringer, K. 2000. Schlegeliaceae Reveal. Flora Costaricencis. Fieldiana Bot. N.S. 41: 69-77.

Burgess, M. B. [et al. 2015], Cushman, K. R., Doucette, E. T., Frye, C. T., & Campbell, C. S. 2015. Understanding diploid diversity: A first step in unraveling polyploid, apomictic complexity in Amelanchier. American J. Bot. 102: 2041-2057.

Burghardt, A. D., & Espert, 2007. Phylogeny of Prosopis (Leguminosae) as shown by morphological and biochemical evidence. Australian Syst. Bot. 20: 332-339.

Burghardt, L. T. 2020. Evolving together, evolving apart: Measuring the fitness of rhizobial bacteria in and out of symbiosis with leguminous plants. New Phytol. 228: 28-34.

Burgos-Hernández, M. [et al. 2019], Pozo, C., & González, D. 2019. Evolutionary history of Musaceae: Ancient distribution and the rise of modern lineages. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 189: 23-35.

Burian, A. [et al. 2016], Barbier de Reuille, P., & Kuhlemeier, C. 2016. Patterns of stem cell divisions contribute to plant longevity. Curr. Biol. 26: 1385-1394.

Buril, M. T. [et al. 2014], Oliveira, P.P., Rodrigues, R., de Assia, F., Dos Santos, R., & Alves, M. 2015 [= 2014]. Pollen morphology and taxonomic implications in Jacquemontia Choisy. Grana 54: 1-11.

Burke, A. [et al. 2023], Innes, H. M., Crick, L., Anchukaitis, K. J., Byrne, M. P., Hutchison, W., McConnell, J. R., Moore, K. A., Rae, J. W. B., Sigl, M., & Wilson, R. 2023. High sensitivity of summer temperatures to stratospheric sulfur loading from volcanoes in the Northern Hemisphere. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 120:e2221810120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2221810120

Burke, J., & Sanchez, A. 2011. Revised subfamilial classification for Polygonaceae, with a tribal classification for Eriogonoideae. Brittonia 63: 510-520.

Burke, J. M. [et al. 2008], Bayly, M. J., Adams, P. B., & Ladiges, P. Y. 2008. Molecular phylogentic analysis of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification. Australian Syst. Bot. 21: 1-14.

Burke, J. M. [et al. 2009], Sanchez, A., Kron, K. A., & Luckow, M. 2009. Placing the woody tropical genera of Polygonaceae: A hypothesis of character evolution and phylogeny. Pp. 159-160, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Burke, J. M. [et al. 2010], Sanchez, A., Kron, K. A., & Luckow, M. 2010. Placing the woody tropical genera of Polygonaceae: A hypothesis of character evolution and phylogeny. American J. Bot. 97: 1377-1390.

Burke, J. [et al. 2012], Nicolas, A., & Michelangeli, F. 2012. Escape from buzz-pollination: Phylogeny and character evolution among Andean Miconia (Melastomataceae). P. 188, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Burke, S. V. [et al. 2012], Grennan, C. P., & Duvall, M. R. 2012. Plastome sequences of two New World bamboos - Arundinaria gigantea and Cryptochloa strictiflora (Poaceae) - extend phylogenomic understanding of Bambusoideae. American J. Bot. 99: 1951-1961.

Burke, S. V. [et al. 2014], Clark, L. G., Triplett, J. K., Grennan, C. P., & Duvall, M. R. 2014. Biogeography and phylogenomics of New World Bambusoideae (Poaceae), revisited. American J. Bot. 101: 886-891.

Burke, S. V. [et al. 2016a], Wysocki, W. P., Zuloaga, F. O., Craine, J. M., Pires, J. C., Edger, P. P., Mayfield-Jones, D., Clark, L. G., Kelchner, S. A., & Duvall, M. R. 2016a. Evolutionary relationships in panicoid grasses based on plastome phylogenomics (Panicoideae; Poaceae). BMC Plant Biol. 16:140. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0823-3

Burke, S. V. [et al. 2016b], Lin, C.-S., Wysocki, W. P., Clark, L. G., & Duvall, M. R. 2016b. Phylogenomics and plastome evolution of tropical forest grasses (Leptaspis, Streptochaeta: Poaceae). Front. Plant Sci. 7:1993. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01993

Burkill, I. H. 1960. The organography and the evolution of Dioscoreaceae, the family of yams. J. Linnean Soc., Bot. 56: 319-412.

Burleigh, J. G. 2012. Variation in rates of molecular evolution in plants with implications for estimating divergence times. Pp. 103-111, in Wendel, J. F., Greilhuber, J., Dolezel, J., & Leitch, I. (eds), Plant Genome Diversity Volume 1: Plant Genomes, Their Residents, and Their Evolutionary Dynamics. Springer, Berlin.

Burleigh, J. G., & Mathews, S. 2004. Phylogenetic signal in nucleotide data from seed plants: Implications for resolving the seed plant tree of Life. American J. Bot. 91: 1599-1613.

Burleigh, J. G., & Mathews, S. 2007a. Assessing among-locus variation in the inference of seed plant phylogeny. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 111-124.

Burleigh, J. G., & Mathews, S. 2007b. Assessing systematic error in the inference of seed plant phylogeny. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 125-135.

Burleigh, J. G., & Mathews, S. 2007c. Supermatrix analyses place Gnetales as sister to all conifers. Pp. 250-251, in Plant Biology and Botany 2007. Program and Abstract Book.

Burleigh, J. G. [et al. 2006], Whittall, J. B., & Sanderson. M. J. 2006. The evolution of organismal complexity in angiosperms as measured by the information content of taxonomic descriptions. Pp. 87-92, in Rocha, L. M., Yaeger, L. S., Bedau, M. A., Floriano, D., Goldstone, R. L., & Vespignani, A. (eds), Artificial Life X. Workshop Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Burleigh, J. G. [et al. 2009], Hilu, K. W., & Soltis, D. E. 2009. Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: A 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms. BMC Evol. Biol. 9: 61.

Burleigh, J. G. [et al. 2011], Bansal, M. S., Eulenstein, O., Hartmann, S., Wehe, A., & Vision, T. J. 2011. Genome-scale phylogenetics: Inferring the plant tree of life from 18,896 gene trees. Syst. Biol. 60: 117-125.

Burleigh, J. G. [et al. 2012], Barbazuk, W. B., Davis, J. M., Morse, A. M., & Soltis, P. S. 2012. Exploring diversification and genome size evolution in extant gymnosperms through phylogenetic synthesis. J. Bot. 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/292857

Burman, R. [et al. 2010], Gruber, C. W., Rizzardi, K., Herrmann, A., Craik, D. J., Gupta, M. P., & Göransson, U. 2010. Cyclotide proteins and precursors from the genus Gloeospermum: Filling in a blank spot in the cyclotide map of Violaceae. Phytochem. 71: 13-20.

Burn, M. J., & Mayle, F. E. 2008. Palynological differentiation between genera of the Moraceae family and implications for Amazonian palaeoecology. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 149: 187-201.

Burnard, D. [et al. 2016], Shapherd, L., Perrie, L., & Munkaesi, A. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships in New Zealand Lycopodiaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 302: 661-667.

Burnham, R. J. 2009. An overview of the fossil record of climbers: bejucos, sogas, trepadoras, lianas, cipós, and vines. Revista Brasileira Paleontol. 12: 149-160.

Burnham, R. J. 2015. Climbing plants in the fossil record: Paleozoic to present. Pp. 205-220, in Schnitzer, S. A., Bongers, F., Burnham, R. J., & Putz, F. E. (eds), Ecology of Lianas. John Wiley and Blackwell, Chichester.

Burnham, R. J., & Johnson, K. R. 2004. South American palaeobotany and the origins of Neotropical rain forests. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London B, 359: 1595-1610.

Burnham, R. J., & Tonkovich, G. S. 2011. Climate, leaves and the legacy of two giants. New Phytol. 2011: 514-517.

Burnham, R. J. [et al. 2019], de Almeida, W. H., Carpanedo, R. S., da Cruz, C. M., Dresch, A. C. S., Machiner, M., Pinto, L. P., de Oliveira, R. C. A., dos Santos, E. F., & Spilka, B. 2019. A comparison of chirality patterns in climbing plants (lianas) of moist tropical forest in Peru and Brazil. Pp. 169-178, in Bahadur, B., Krishamurthy, K. V., Ghose, M., & Adams, S. J. (eds), Asymmetry in Plants Biology of Handedness. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Burns, A. E., & Watson, D. M. 2013. Islands in a sea of foliage: Mistletoes as discrete components of forest canopies. Pp. 215-222, in Lowman, M., Devy, S., & Ganesh, T. (eds), Treetops at Risk: Challenges of Global Canopy Ecology and Conservation. Springer, New York.

Burns, J. H. [et al. 2008], Munguia, P., Nomann, B. E., Braun, S. J., Terhorst, C. P., & Miller, T. E. 2008. Vegetative morphology and trait correlation in 54 species of Commelinaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 158: 257-268.

Burns, J. H. [et al. 2011], Faden, R. B., & Steppan, S. J. 2011. Phylogenetic studies in the Commelinaceae subfamily Commelinoideae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences. Syst. Bot. 36: 268-276.

Burns, K. C. 2018. Time to abandon the loss of dispersal ability hypothesis in island plants: A comment on García-Verdugo, Mairal, Monroy, Sajeva and Caujapé-Castells (2017). J. Bioegogr. 45: 1219-1222.

Burns, K. C. [et al. 2021], Hutton, I., & Shepherd, L. 2021. Primitive eusociality in a land plant? Ecology 102(9):e03373. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3373

Burow, M. [et al. 2009], Losansky, A., Müller, R., Plock, A., Kliebenstein, D. J., & Wittstock, U. 2009. The genetic basis of constitutive and herbivore-induced ESP-independent nitrile formation in Arabidopsis. Plant. Physiol. 149: 561-574.

Burrows, G. E. 1999. Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis, Araucariaceae) possesses the same unusual leaf axil anatomy as the other investigated members of the family. Australian J. Bot. 47: 61-68.

Burrows, G. E. 2002. Epicormic strand structure in Angophora, Eucalyptus and Lophostemon (Myrtaceae) - implications for fire resistance and recovery. New Phytol. 153: 111-131.

Burrows, G. E. 2009. Agathis, Araucaria and Wollemia all possess unusual meristems in their leaf axils. Pp. 87-94, in Bieleski, R. L., & Wilcox, M. D. (eds), Araucariaceae: Proceedings of the 2002 Araucariaceae Symposium. The International Dendrology Society, Dunedin.

Burrows, G. E. 2013. Buds, bushfires and resprouting in the eucalypts. Australian J. Bot. 61: 331-349.

Burrows, G. E. [et al. 2007], Meagher, P. F., & Heady, R. D. 2007. An anatomical assessment of branch abscission and branch-base hydraulic architecture in the endangered Wollemia nobilis. Ann. Bot. 99: 609-623.

Burrows, G. E. [et al. 2010], Hornby, S. K., Waters, D. A., Bellairs, S. M., Prior, L. D., & Bowman, D. M. J. S. 2010. A wide variety of epicormic structures is present in Myrtaceae species in the northern Australian savanna biome - implications for adaptation to fire. Australian J. Bot. 58: 493-507.

Burrows, G. E. [et al. 2018], Alden, R., & Robinson, W. A. 2018. The lens in focus - lens structure in seeds of 51 Australian Acacia species and its implications for imbibition and germination. Australian J. Bot. 66: 398-413.

Burse, A. [et al. 2009], Frick, S., Discher, S., Tolzin-Banasch, K., Kirsch, R., Strauß, A., Kunert, M., & Bohland, W. 2009. Always being well prepared for deefense: The production of deterrents by juvenile Chrysomelina beetles (Chrysomelidae). Phytochem. 70: 1899-1909.

Burton, G., & Oberti, J. C. 2000. Withanólidos en Solanaceae. Kurziana 28: 81-93.

Burtt, B. L. 1961. Compositae and the study of functional evolution. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 39: 216-232.

Burtt, B. L. 1962 [= 1963]. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXIV: Tentative keys to the tribes and genera. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 205-220.

Burtt, B. L. 1965. The transfer of Cyrtandromoea from Gesneriaceae to Scrophulariaceae, with notes on the classification of that family. Bull. Bot. Survey India 7: 73-88.

Burtt, B. L. 1970. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXXI: Some aspects of functional evolution. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 1-10.

Burtt, B. L. 1972a. Plumular protection and some related aspects of seedling behaviour. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 41: 393-400.

Burtt, B. L. 1972b. General introduction of papers on Zingiberaceae. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31: 155-165.

Burtt, B. L. 1977a. Aspects of diversification in the capitulum. Pp. 41-59, in Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B., & Turner, B. L. (eds), The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.

Burtt, B. L. 1977b. Classification above the genus, as exemplified by Gesneriaceae, with parallels from other groups. Pp. 97-109, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), Flowering Plants: Evolution and Classification of Higher Categories. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 1.]

Burtt, B. L. 1978. Studies in the Gesneriaceae of the Old World XXXVII: A preliminary revision of Monophyllaea. Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 1-59.

Burtt, B. L. 1991a. Umbelliferae of Southern Africa: An introduction and annotated check-list. Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 133-281.

Burtt, B. L. 1991b. On cryptocotylar germination in dicotyledons. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 113: 429-442.

Burtt, B. L. 1998. Climatic accomodation and phytogeography of the Gesneriaceae of the Old World. Pp. 1-27, in Mathew, P., & Sivadasan, M. (eds) Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flowering Plants. Mentor, Calicut.

Burtt, B. L., & Wiehler, H. 1995. Classification of the family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriana 1: 1-4.

Burzynski, E. A. [et al. 2015], Minbiole, K. P. C., & Livshultz, T. 2015. New sources of lycopsamine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their distribution in Apocynaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 59: 331-339.

Busch, A., & Zachgo, S. 2007. Control of corolla monosymmetry in the Brassicaceae Iberis amara. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 104: 16714-16719.

Busch, A. [et al. 2012], Horn, S., Mühlhausen, A, Mummenhoff, K., & Zachgo, S. 2012. Corolla monosymmetry: Evolution of a morphological novelty in the Brassicaceae family. Molec. Biol. Evol. 29: 1241-1254.

Busch, B. L. [et al. 2011], Schmitz, G. Rossmann, S., Piron, E., Ding, J., Bendahmane A., & Theres K. 2011. Shoot branching and leaf dissection in tomato are regulated by homologous gene modules. Plant Cell 23: 3595-3609.

Busch, F. A. [et al. 2017], Sage, R. F., & Farquhar, G. D. 2017. Plants increase CO₂ uptake by assimilating nitrogen via the photorespiratory pathway. Nature Plants 4: 46-54.

Busch, S. [et al. 2010], Seidel, R., Speck, O., & Speck, T. 2010. Morphological aspects of self-repair of lesions caused by internal growth stresses in stems of Aristolochia macrophylla and Aristolochia ringens. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 277: 2113-2120.

Buschiazzo, E. [et al. 2012], Ritland, C., Bohlmann, J., & Ritland, K. 2012. Slow but not low: Genomic comparisons reveal slower evolutionary rate and higher dN/dS in conifers compared to angiosperms. BMC Evol. Biol 12:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-8

Buschmann, H., & Zachgo, S. 2016. The evolution of cell division: From streptophyte algae to land plants. Trends Plant Sci. 21: 872-883.

Buschmann, H. [et al. 2016], Holtmannspötter, M., Borchers, A., O'Donoghue, M.-T., & Zachgo, S. 2016. Microtubule dynamics of the centrosome-like polar organizers from the basal land plant Marchantia polymorpha. New Phytol. 209: 999-1013.

Bush, C., & Kron, K. A. 2008. Phylogeny of Gaultherieae (Ericaceae) based on DNA sequence data from matK, ndhF and ITS. P. 93, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Bush, C. [et al. 2006], Lu, L., Fritsch, P. W., & Kron, K. A. 2006. The phylogeny, morphology and biogeography of the wintergreen group (Gaultherieae; Vaccinoideae; Ericacaeae; Ericales). Pp. 209-210, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Bush, C. M. [et al. 2009], Lu, L., Fritsch, P. W., Li, D.-Z., & Kron, K. A. 2009. Phylogeny of Gaultherieae (Ericaceae: Vaccinoideae) based on DNA sequence data from matK, ndhF, and nrITS. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 170: 355-364.

Bush, R. T., & McInerney, F. A. 2013. Leaf wax n-alkane distributions in and across modern plants: Implications for paleoecology and chemotaxonomy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 117: 161-179.

Buss, C. C. [et al. 2001], Lammers, T. G., & Wise, R. R. 2001. Seed coat morphology and its systematic implications in Cyanea and other genera of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae). American J. Bot. 88: 1301-1308.

Buss, P. A., Jr., & Lersten, N. R. 1975. A survey of tapetal nuclear number as a taxonomic character in Leguminosae. Bot. Gaz. 136: 388-395.

Busse-Wicher, M. [et al. 2016], Li, A., Silveira, R. L., Pereira, C. S., Tryfona, T., Gomes, T. C. F., Skaf, M. S., & Dupree, P. 2016. Evolution of xylan substitution patterns in gymnosperms and angiosperms: Implications for xylan interaction with cellulose. Plant Physiol. 171: 2418-2431.

Bustam, B. M. [et al. 2014], Dixon, K. W., & Bunn, E. 2014. In vitro propagation of temperate Australian terrestrial orchids: Revisiting asymbiotic compared with symbiotic germination. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 176: 556.-566.

But, P. P.-H. [et al. 2009], Poon, A. W.-S., Saw, P.-C., Simmons, M. P., & Greger, H. 2009. Contribution of molecular cladistics to the taxonomy of Rutaceae in China. J. Syst. Evol. 47: 144-150.

Butler, H. C., & Johnson, S. D. 2020. Butterfly-wing pollination in Scadoxus and other South African Amaryllidaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 193: 363-374.

Butler, M. J., & Day, A. W. 1998. Fungal melanins: A review. Canadian J. Microbiol. 44: 1115-1136.

Butler, J. L., & Ellison, A. M. 2007. Nitrogen cycling dynamics in the carnivorous northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. Funct. Ecol. 21: 835-843.

Butler, R. J. [et al. 2009], Barrett, M., Kenrick, P., & Penn, M. G. 2009. Diversity patterns among herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: Implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution. J. Evol. Biol. 22: 446-459.

Butterfass, T. 1987. The transverse orientation of stomata. Bot. Review 53: 415-441.

Butterworth, C. A. 2006a. Molecular phylogenetics of Cactaceae Jussieu - a review. Pp. 489-524, in Sharma A. K., & Sharma, A. (eds), Plant Genome Biodiversity and Evolution. Volume 1, Part C. Phanerogams (Angiosperm-Dicotyledons). Science Publishers, Enfield, NH.

Butterworth, C. A. 2006b. Resolving "Nyffeler's Puzzle" - the intriguing taxonomic position of Blossfeldia. Haseltonia 12: 3-10.

Butterworth, C. A., & Edwards, E. J. 2008. Investigating Pereskia and the earliest divergences in Cactaceae. Haseltonia 14: 46-53.

Butterworth, C. A., & Wallace, R. S. 2004. Phylogenetic studies of Mammillaria (Cactaceae) - insights from chloroplast sequence variation and hypothesis testing using the parametric bootstrap. American J. Bot. 91: 1086-1098.

Butterworth, C. A., & Wallace, R. S. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics of the leafy cactus genus Pereskia (Cactaceae). Syst. Bot. 30: 800-808.

Butterworth, C. A. [et al. 2002], Cota-Sanchez, J. H., & Wallace, R. S. 2002. Molecular systematics of tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae: Cactoideae): A phylogeny based on rpl16 intron sequence variation. Syst. Bot. 27: 257-270.

Button, D. J. [et al. 2017], Lloyd, G. T., Ezcurra, M. D., & Butler, R. J. 2017. Mass extinctions drove increased global faunal cosmopolitanism on the supercontinent Pangaea. Nature Communic. 8(1):733. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00827-7

Buttress, T. [et al. 2022] He, S., Wang, L., Zhou, S., Saalbach, G., Vickers, M., Li, G., Li, P., & Feng, X. 2022. Histone H2B.8 compacts flowering plant sperm through chromatin phase separation. Nature 611: 614-622.

Butts, C. T. [et al. 2016], Bierma, J. C., & Martin, R. W. 2016. Novel proteases from the genome of the carnivorous plant Drosera capensis: Structural prediction and comparative analysis. Proteins 84: 1517-1533.

Butts, D., & Buchholz, J. T. 1940. Cotyledon number in conifers. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 33: 58-62.

Buurman, J. 1977. Contribution to the pollen morphology of the Bignoniaceae, with special reference to the tricolpate type. Pollen et Spores 19: 447-519.

Buxbaum, F. 1936. Die Entwicklungslinien der Lilioideae. I. Die Wurmbaeoideae. Bot. Archiv 38: 213-293.

Buxbaum, F. 1937. Die Entwicklungslinien der Lilioideae. II. Die systematische Stellung der Gattung Gagea [inc. III. Die Lilioideae Engl. - begins on p. 338]. Bot. Archiv 38: 305-398.

Buxbaum, F. 1953. Morphology of Cacti II. Flower. Abbey Garden Press, Pasadena, CA.

Buxbaum, F. 1958. Der morphologische Typus und die systematische Stellung der Gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 34: 405-452.

Buys, M., & Hilger, H. H. 2003. Boraginaceae cymes are exclusively scorpioid and not helicoid. Taxon 52: 719-724.

Buzato, S. [et al. 2000], Sazima, M., & Sazima, I. 2000. Hummingbird-pollinated floras at three Atlantic Forest sites. Biotropica 32: 824-841.

Buzgó, M. 1994. Inflorescence development of Pistia stratiotes (Araceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 115: 557-570.

Buzgo, M. 2001. Flower structure and development of Araceae compared with alismatids and Acoraceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 136: 393-425.

Buzgo, M., & Endress, P. K. 1999. The gynoecium of Gymnostachys (Araceae) and Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae). P. 240, in XVI International Botanical Congress: Abstracts. [Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.]

Buzgo, M., & Endress, P. K. 2000. Floral structure and development of Acoraceae and its systematic relationship with basal angiosperms. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 161: 23-41.

Buzgo, M. [et al. 2006], Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Kim, S., Ma, H., Hauser, B. A., Leebens-Mack, J., & Johansen, B. 2006. Perianth development in the basal monocot Triglochin maritima (Juncaginaceae). Pp. 107-125, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 107-125.]

Buzgo, M. [et al. 2007], Chanderbali, A. S., Kim, S., Zheng, Z., Oppenheimer, D. G., Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2007. Floral developmental morphology of Persea americana (avocado, Lauraceae): The oddities of male organ identity. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 261-284.

Buzzi, Z. J. 1994. Host plants of Neotropical Cassidinae. Pp. 205-212, in Jolivet, P. H., Cox, M. L., & Petitpierre, E., (eds), Novel Aspects of the Biology of Chrysomelidae. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Byng, J. W. 2014. The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical Guide to Families and Genera of the World. Plant Gateway, Hertford.

Byng, J. W. 2015. The Gymnosperms Handbook: A practical Guide to Families and Genera of the World. Plant Gateway, Hertford.

Byng, J. W. [et al. 2014], Bernardini, B., Joseph, J. A., Chase, M. W., & Utteridge, T. M. A. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of Icacinaceae focusing on the vining genera. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 176: 277-294.

Byng, J. W. [et al. 2016], Bernardini, B., Christenhusz, M. J. M., & Chase, M. W. 2016. Systematics of Irvingiaceae and Ixonanthaceae (Malpighiales): Phylogenetic analysis based on three plastid DNA loci. Phytotaxa 260: 157-166.

Byrne, M. 2008. Phylogeny, diversity and evolution of Eucalyptus. Pp. 303-346, in Sharma, A. K., & Sharma, A. (eds), Plant Genome Biodiversity and Evolution. Volume 1. Part E. Phanerogams - Angiosperm. Science Publishers, Delhi.

Byrne, S. L. [et al. 2017], Erthmann, P. Ø., Agerbirk, N., Bak, S., Hauser, T. P., Nagy, I., Paina, C., & Asp, C. 2017. The genome sequence of Barbarea vulgaris facilitates the study of ecological biochemistry. Nature Sci. Reports 7:40728. doi: 10.1038/srep40728

Bystriakova, N. [et al. 2011], Schneider, H., & Coomes, D. 2011. Evolution of the climatic niche in scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Polypodiopsida). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 165: 1-19.

Bytebier, B. [et al. 2007], Bellstedt, D. U., & Linder, H. P. 2007. A molecular phylogeny for the large African orchid genus Disa. Molec. Phylog. Evol. 43: 75-90.

Bytebier, B. [et al. 2008], Bellstedt, D. U., & Linder, H. P. 2008. A new phylogeny-based sectional classification for the large African orchid genus Disa. Taxon 57: 1233-1251.

Bytebier, B. [et al. 2011], Antonelli, A., Bellstedt, D. U., & Linder, H. P. 2011. Estimating the age of fire in the Cape flora of South Africa from an orchid phylogeny. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 278: 188-195.

Bywater, M., & Wickens, G. E. 1974. New World species of the genus Crassula. Kew Bull. (1974): 699-728.

Caballé, G. 1993. Liana structure, function and selection: A comparative study of xylem cylinders of tropical rainforest species in Africa and America. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 113: 41-60.

Cabanillas, P. A. [et al. 2017], Pace, M. R., & Angyalossy, V. 2017. Structure and ontogeny of the fissured stems of Callaeum (Malpighiaceae). IAWA J. 38: 49-66.

Cabezas, N. J. [et al. 2009], Urzúa, A. M., & Niemeyer, H. M. 2009. Translocation of isoquinoline alkaloids in the hemiparasite, Tristerix verticillatus from its host, Berberis montana. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 37: 225-227.

Cabral, A. [et al. 2021], Luebert, F. & Mello-Silva, R. 2021. Evidence for Middle Miocene origin and morphological evolutionary stasis in a Barbacenia Inselberg clade (Velloziaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 161:107163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107163

Cabral, F. N. [et al. 2021], Trad, R. J., Amorin, B. S., Maciel, J. R., do Amaral, M. do C. E., & Stevens, P. 2021. Phylogeny, divergence times, and diversification of Calophyllaceae: Linking key characters and habitat changes to the evolution of Neotropical Calophylleae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 157:107041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107041

Cabral, F. S. [et al. 2023], Lima, D. F., Vaio, M., & Fiaschi, P. 2024 [= 2023]. Molecular phylogenetics of Oxalis subg. Thamnoxys (Oxalidaceae) reveals artificial arrangements of traditional sections. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 204: 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boad044

Cabrera, J. F. [et al. 2009], Jacobs, S. W. L., & Kadereit, G. 2009. Phylogeny of the Australian Camphorosmae (Chenopodiaceae) and the taxonomic significance of the fruiting perianth. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 170: 505-521.

Cabrera, J. [et al. 2012], Jacobs, S. W. L., & Kadereit, G. 2012. Biogeography of Camphorosmeae (Chenopodiaceae): Tracking the Tertiary history of Australian aridification. Telopea 13: 313-326.

Cabrera, L. I. [et al. 2008], Salazar, G. A., Chase, M. W., Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J., & Dávila, P. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of aroids and duckweeds (Araceae) inferred from coding and noncoding plastid DNA. American J. Bot. 95: 1153-1165.

Cabrera R., L. 2002. Cypsela development in Acourtia (Mutisieae, Nassauviinae, Asteraceae) and its taxonomic implications. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 163: 227-233.

Cacho, N. I. [et al. 2010], Berry, P. E., Olson, M. E., Steinmann, V. W., & Baum, D. A. 2010. Are spurred cyathia a key innovation? Molecular systematics and trait evolution in the slipper spurges (Pedilanthus clade: Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae). American J. Bot. 97: 493-510.

Cacho, N. I. [et al. 2014], Burrell, A. M., Pepper, A. E., & Strauss, S. A. 2014. Novel nuclear markers inform the systematics and the evolution of serpentine use in Streptanthus and allies (Thelypodieae, Brassicaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 72: 71-81.

Cacho, N. I. [et al. 2015], Kliebenstein, D. J., & Strauss, S. Y. 2015. Macroevolutionary pattern of glucosinolate defense and tests of defense-escalation and resource availability hypotheses. New Phytol. 208: 915-927.

Cahco, N. I. [et al. 2021], McIntyre, P. J., Kliebenstein, D. J., & Strauss, S. Y. 2021. Genome size evolution is associated with climate seasonality and glucosinolates, but not life history, soil nutrients, or range size, across a clade of mustards. Ann. Bot. 127: 887-902.

Caddah, M. K. [et al. 2013], Campos., T, Zucchi, M. I., de Souza, A. P., Bittrich, V., & do Amaral, M. do C. E. 2013. Species boundaries inferred from microsatellite markers in the Kielmeyera coriacea complex (Calophyllaceae) and evidence of asymmetric hybridization. Plant Syst. Evol. 299: 731-741.

Caddah, M. K. [et al. 2022], Meirelles, J., Nery, E. K., Lima, D. F., Nicolas, A, N., Michelangeli, F. A., & Goldenberg, R. 2022. Beneath a hairy problem: Phylogeny, morphology, and biogeography circumscribe the new Miconia supersection Discolores (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 161:107461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107461

Caddick, L. R., & Wilkin, P. 1998. A Revision of the genus Stenomeris (Dioscoreaceae). Kew Bull. 53: 703-712.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 1998], Furness, C. A., Stobart, K. L., & Rudall, P. A. 1998. Microsporogenesis and pollen morphology in Dioscoreales and allied taxa. Grana 37: 321-336.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 2000a], Rudall, P. J., & Wilkin, P. 2000a. Floral morphology and development in Dioscoreales. Feddes Repert. 111: 189-230.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 2000b], Rudall, P. J., Wilkin, P., & Chase, M. W. 2000b. Yams and their allies: Systematics of Dioscoreales. Pp. 475-487, in Wilson, K. L., & Morrison, D. A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 2002a], Rudall, P. J., Wilkin, P., Hedderson, T. A. J., & Chase, M. W. 2002a. Phylogenetics of Dioscoreales based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 138: 123-144.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 2002b], Wilkin, P., Rudall, P. J., Hedderson, T. A. J., & Chase, M. W. 2002b. Yams reclassified: A recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales. Taxon 51: 103-114.

Caddick, L. R. [et al. 2004], Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2004. Floral developmental morphology of Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 165: 925-947.

Cadotte, M. W. [et al. 2012], Dinnage, R., & Tilman, D. 2012. Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability. Ecology 93 (supplement): S223-S233.

Caetano, A. P. S., & Oliveira, P. E. 2022. Apomixis in Melastomataceae. Pp. 563-583, in Goldenberg, R., Michelangeli, F. A., & Almeda, F. (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Ecology of Melastomataceae. Springer Nature, Cham.

Caetano, A. P. S. [et al. 2017], Basso-Alves, J., Cortez, P. A., Brito, V. L. G., Michelangeli, F. A., Reginato, M., Goldenberg, R., Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M., & Teixeira, S. P. 2017. Evolution of the outer ovule integument and its systematic significance in Melastomataceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 186: 224-246.

Caetano, A. P. S. [et al. 2018], Cortez, P. A., Teixeira, S. P., Oliveira, P. E., & Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M. 2018. Unusual diversity of apomictic mechanisms in a species of Miconia, Melastomataceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 304: 363-355.

Caetano, A. P. S. [et al. 2020], Reginato, M., Goldenberg, R., Cortez, P. A., Basso-Alves, J. P., Michelangeli, F. A., Carmello-Guerreiro, S. M., & Teixeira, S. P. 2020. Structure and evolution of polysporangiate anthers in Melastomataceae. Persp. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 46:125556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2020.125556

Caetano-Anollés, G. 2005. Evolution of genome size in the grasses. Crop Sci. 45: 1809-1816.

Cafasso, D. [et al. 2001], Cozzolino, S., Caputo, P., & de Luca, P. 2001. Maternal inheritance of plastids in Encephalartos Lehm. (Zamiaceae, Cycadales). Genome 44: 239-241.

Cahoon, A. B. [et al. 2010], Sharpe, R. M., Mysayphonh, C., Thompson, E. J., Ward, A. D., & Lin, A. 2010. The complete chloroplast genome of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum; Poaceae) and comparison of whole plastomes from the family Poaceae. American J. Bot. 97: 49-58.

Cai, C. [et al. 2018], Escalona, H. E., Yin, Z., Huang, D., & Engel, M. S. 2018. Beetle pollination of cycads in the Mesozoic. Current Biol. 28: 2806-2812.

Cai, L. 2023. Rethinking convergence in plant parasitism through the lens of molecular and population genetic processes. American J. Bot. 110:e16174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16174

Cai, L. [et al. 2016], Xi, Z., Peterson, K., Rushworth, C. A., Beaulieu, J. M., & Davis, C. C. 2016. Phylogeny of Elatinaceae and tropical Gondwanan origin of the Centroplacaceae (Malpighiaceae, Elatinaceae) clade. PLoS ONE 11(9):e0161881. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161881

Cai, L. [et al. 2017/2018], Xi, Z., Amorim, A. M., Sugumaran, M., Rest, J. S., Liu, L., & Davis, C. C. 2017. Widespread ancient whole genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval. bioRΧiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/215608 = Cai, L. [et al. 2018], Xi, Z., Amorim, A. M., Sugumaran, M., Rest, J. S., Liu, L., & Davis, C. C. 2019 [= 2018]. Widespread ancient whole genome duplications in Malpighiales coincide with Eocene global climatic upheaval. New Phytol. 221: 565-576.

Cai, L. [et al. 2020], Xi, Z., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Mast, A., Buddenhagen, C. E., Liu, L., & Davis, C. C. 2020. The perfect storm: Gene tree estimation error, incomplete lineage sorting, and ancient gene flow explain the most recalcitrant ancient angiosperm clade, Malpighiales. bioRΧiv https://doi.org/10.1101/22020.05.26.11238 = Cai, L. [et al. 2020], Xi, Z., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Mast, A., Buddenhagen, C. E., Liu, L., & Davis, C. C. 2021 [= 2020]. The perfect storm: Gene tree estimation error, incomplete lineage sorting, and ancient gene flow explain the most recalcitrant ancient angiosperm clade, Malpighiales. Syst. Biol. 70: 491-507.

Cai, L. [et al. 2021], Arnold, B. J., Xi, Z., Khost, D. E., Patel, N., Hartmann, C. B., Manicam, S., Sasirat, S., Nikolov, L. A., Mathews, S., Sackton, T. B., & Davis, C. C. 2021. Deeply altered genome architecture in the endoparasitic flowering plant Sapria himalayana Griff. (Rafflesiaceae). Curr. Biol. 31: 1002-1011.

Cai, S. [et al. 2020], Huang, Y., Chen, F., Zhang, X., Sessa, E., Zhao, C., Marchant, D. B., Xue, D., Chen, G., Dai, F., Leebens-Mack, J. H., Zhang, G., Shabala, S., Christie, J. M., Blatt, M. R., Nevo, E., Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., Franks, P. J., Wu, F., & Chen, Z.-H. 2021 [= 2020]. Evolution of rapid blue-light response linked to explosive diversification of ferns in angiosperm forests. New Phytol. 230: 1201-1213.

Cai, X.-L. [et al. 2020], Landis, J. B., Wang, H.-X., Wang, J.-H., Zhu, Z.-X., & Wang, H.-F. 2021 [= 2020]. Plastome structure and phylogenetic relationships of Styracaceae (Ericales). BMC Ecol. Evol. 21(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12862-021-01827-4

Cai, Y.-F. [et al. 2009], Li, S.-W., Liu, Y., Quan, S., Chen, W., Xie, Y. F., Jiang, H.-Z., Wei, E. Z., Yin, N.-W., Wang, L., Zhang, R., Huang, C. L., He, X.-H., & Jiang, M.-F. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Ranunculaceae based on internal transcribed spacer sequences. African J. Biotechn. 8: 5215-5224.

Cai, Y.-F. [et al. 2010], Li, S.-W., Chen, M., Jiang, M.-F., Liu, Y., Xie, Y.-F., Sun, Q., Jiang, H.-Z., Yin, N.-W., Wang, L., Zhang, R., Huang, C.-L., & Lei, K. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of Ranunculaceae based on rbcL sequences. Biologia 65: 997-1003.

Cai, Z. [et al. 2006], Penaflor, C., Kuehl, J. V., Leebens-Mack, J., Carlson, J. E., dePamphilis, C. W., Boore, J. L., & Jansen, R. K. 2006. Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Drimys, Liriodendron, and Piper: Implication for the phylogeny of magnoliids. BMC Evol. Biol. 6:77. http://www.biomedcentral.com/14721-2148/6/77

Cai, Z. [et al. 2008], Guisinger, M., Kim, H. G., Ruck, E., Blazier, J. C., McMurtry, V., Kuehl, J. V., Boore, J. L., & Jansen, R. K. 2008. Extensive reorganization of the plastid genome of Trifolium subterraneum (Fabaceae) is associated with numerous repeated sequences and novel DNA insertions. J. Molec. Evol. 67: 696-704.

Caine, R. S. [et al. 2016], Chater, C. C., Kamisugi, Y., Cuming, A. C., Beerling, D. J., Gray, J. E., & Fleming, A. J. 2016. An ancestral stomatal patterning module revealed in the non-vascular land plant Physcomitrella patens. Development 143: 3306-3314.

Caine, R. S. [et al. 2020], Chater, C. C. C., Fleming, A. J., & Gray, J. E. 2020. Stomata and sporophytes of the model moss Physcomitrium patens. Frontiers Plant Sci.

Cairney, J. W. G., & Ashford, A. E. 2002. Biology of mycorrhizal associations of epacrids (Ericaceae). New Phytol. 154: 305-326.

Cairney, J. W. G., & Meharg, A. A. 2003. Ericoid mycorrhiza: A partnership that exploits harsh edaphic conditions. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 54: 735-740.

Cairney, J. W. G. [et al. 1994], Rees, B. J., Allaway, W. G., & Ashford, A. E. 1994. A basidiomycete isolated from a Pisonia mycorrhiza forms sheathing mycorrhizas with transfer cells on Pisonia grandis R. Br.. New Phytol. 126: 91-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb07533.x

Cairns, M. A. [et al. 1997], Brown, S., Helmer, E. H., & Baumgardner, G. A. 1997. Root biomass allocation in the world's upland forests. Oecologia 111: 1-11.

Calabria, L. M. [et al. 2007], Emerenciano, V. P., Scotti, M. T., & Mabry, T. J. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the tribes of the Asteraceae based on phytochemical data. Natural Prod. Comm. 3: 277-285.

Calabria, L. M. [et al. 2009], Emerenciano, V. P., Scotti, M. T., & Mabry, T. J. 2009. Secondary chemistry of Compositae. Pp. 73-88, in Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. & Bayer, R. J. (eds.), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. I.A.P.T., Vienna

Calcagno, V. [et al. 2017], Jarne, P., Loreau, M., Mouquet, N., & David, P. 2017. Diversity spurs diversification in ecological communities. Nature Commun. 8:15810. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15810

Calder, M., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), The Biology of Misteltoes. Academic Press, Sydney.

Calderón, A. I. [et al. 2009], Chung, K. S., & Gupta, M. P. 2009. Ecdysteroids from Dichorisandra hexandra (Commelinaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 37: 693-695.

Calderón-Acevedo, C. A. [et al. 2021], Bagley. J. C., & Muchhala, N. 2022 [= 2021]. Genome-wide ultraconserved elemeents resolve phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history amounf Neotropical leaf-nosed bats in the genus Anoura (Phyllostomidae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 167:107356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107356

Calderón-Cortés, N. 2020. Ecosystem engineering by insect herbivores: Non-trophic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Pp. 147-172, in Núñez-Farfán, J., & Valverde, P. L. (eds), Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction. Springer Nature, Switzerland.

Calderón-Cortés, N. [et al. 2012], Quesada, M., Watanabe, H., Cano-Camacho, H., & Oyama, K. 2012. Endogenous plant cell wall digestion: A key mechanism in insect evolution. Ann. Review Ecol. Evol. Syst. 43: 45-71.

Calió, M. F. [et al. 2016], Lepis, K. B., Pirani, J. R., & Struwe, L. 2017 [=2016]. Phylogeny of Helieae (Gentianaceae): Resolving taxonomic chaos in a Neotropical clade. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 106: 192-208.

Call, V. B., & Dilcher, D. L. 1992. Investigations of angiosperms from the Eocene of southeastern North America: Samaras of Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 74: 249-266.

Call, V. B., & Dilcher, D. L. 1997. The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America. American J. Bot. 84: 798-814.

Callaghan, C. B., & Png, S. K. 2020. Twenty-six additional new combinations in the Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) of China and Vietnam. PhytoKeys 146: 1-35.

Callejas-Chavero, A. [et al. 2020, Martínez-Hernández, D., Flores-Martínez, A., Moncada-Prellana, A., Diaz-Quiñones, Y., & Vargas-Mendoza, C. F. 2020. Herbivory in cacti: Fitness effects of two herbivores, one tending ant on Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Cactaceae). Pp. 109-134, in Núñez-Farfán, J., & Valverde, P. L. (eds), Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction. Springer Nature, Switzerland.

Callmander, M. W. [et al. 2003], Chassot, P., Küpfer, & Lowry, P. P. II. 2003. Recognition of Martelliodendron, a new genus of Pandanaceae, and its biogeographic implications. Taxon 52: 747-762.

Callmander, M. W. [et al. 2012], Lowry, P. P. II, Forest, F., Devey, D. S., Beentje, H., & Buerki, S. 2012 Benstonea (Pandanaceae): Characterization, circumscription, and distribution of a new genus of screw-pines, with a synopsis of accepted species. Candollea 67: 323-345.

Callmander, M. W. [et al. 2015], Lowry, P. P. II, Plunkett, G. M., Edwards, M. B., & Buerki, S. 2016 [= 2015]. Generic delimitations, biogeography and evolution in the tribe Coleeae (Bignoniaceae), endemic to Madagascar and the smaller islands of the western Indian Ocean. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 96: 178-186.

Calonje, M. [et al. 2002], Cubas, P., Martinez-Zapater, J. M., & Carmona, M. J. 2002. Floral meristem identity genes are expressed during tendril development in the grape vine. Plant Physiol. 135: 1491-1501.

Calonje, M. [et al. 2019], Meerow, A. W., Griffith, M. P., Salas-Leiva, D., Vovides, A. P., Coiro, M., & Francisco-Ortega, J. 2019. A time-calibrated species tree phylogeny of the New World cycad genus Zamia L. (Zamiaceae, Cycadales). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 180: 286-314.

Calvente, A. 2012. A new subgeneric classification of Rhipsalis (Cactoideae, Cactaceae). Syst. Bot. 37: 983-988.

Calvente, A. [et al. 2011a], Zappi, D. C., Forest, F., & Lohmann, L. G. 2011a. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Rhipsalidae (Cactaceae) and taxonomic implications for Schlumbergera and Hatiora. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 58: 456-468.

Calvente, A. [et al. 2011b], Zappi, D. C., Forest, F., & Lohmann, L. G. 2011b. Molecular phylogeny, evolution, and biogeography of South American epiphytic cacti. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 172: 902-914.

Calvillo-Canadell, L., & Cevallos-Ferriz, S. R. S. 2007. Reproductive structures of Rhamnaceae from the Cerro del Pueblo (Late Cretaceous, Coahuila) and Coatzingo (Oligocene, Puebla) formations, Mexico. American J. Bot. 94: 1658-1669.

Calvin, C. L., & Wilson, C. A. 1996. Endophytic system. Pp. 113-122, in Hawksworth, F. G., & Wiens, D. (eds), Dwarf Misteltoes: Biology, Pathology, and Systematics (Agriculture Handbook 709). Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington.

Calvin, C. L., & Wilson, C. A. 2006. Comparative morphology of epicortical roots in Old and New World Loranthaceae with reference to root types, origin, patterns of longitudinal extension and potential for clonal growth. Flora 201: 51-64.

Calvin, C. L., & Wilson, C. A. 2009. Epiparasitism in Phoradendron durangense and P. falcatum (Viscaceae). Aliso 27: 1-12.

Calviño, C. I., Downie, S. R. 2007. Circumscription and phylogeny of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 44: 175-191.

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2005], Downie, S. R., Tilney, P. M., & van Wyk, B.-E, 2005. The phylogenetic positions of southern African Apuiaceae relative to subfamilies Apioideae and Saniculoideae. Pp. 136-137, in Botany 2005. Learning from Plants. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2006], Tilney, P. M., van Wyk, B.-E., & Downie, S. R. 2006. A molecular phylogenetic study of southern African Apiaceae. American J. Bot. 93: 1828-1847.

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2008a], Martínez, S. G., & Downie, S. R. 2008a. Morphology and biogeography of Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of molecular data. American J. Bot. 95: 196-214.

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2008b], Martínez, S. G., & Downie, S. R. 2008b. The evolutionary history of Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae): Rapid radiations, long distance dispersals, and hybridizations. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 46: 1129-1150.

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2010], Martínez, S. G., & Downie, S. R. 2010. Unraveling the taxonomic complexity of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae): Phylogenetic analysis of 11 non-coding cpDNA loci corroborates rapid radiation. Plant Divers. Evol. 128: 137-149.

Calviño, C. I. [et al. 2016], Teruel, F. E., & Downie, S. R. 2016. The role of the Southern Hemisphere in the evolutionary history of Apiaceae, a mostly north temperate plant family. J. Biogeog. 43: 398-409.

Calvo, J. [et al. 2013], Álvarez, I., Aedo, C., & Pelser, P. B. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis and new delimitation of Senecio sect. Crociseris (Compositae: Senecioneae), with evidence of intergeneric hybridization. Taxon 62: 127-140.

Camacho-Velázquez, A. [et al. 2018], Arias, S., García-Campusano, F., Sánchez-Martínez, E., & Vásquez-Santana, S. 2018. Seed development and germination of Strombocactus species (Cactaceae): A comparative morphological and anatomical study. Flora 242: 89-101.

Cameron, B. G., & Prakash, N. 1990. Occurrence of giant antipodals in the female gametophyte of Australian Bossiaeeae, Indigofereae and Mirbelieae (Leguminosae). Australiam J. Bot. 38: 395-401.

Cameron, B. G., & Prakash, N. 1994. Variations of the megagametophyte in the Papilionoideae. Pp. 97-115, in Ferguson, I. K., & Tucker, S. C. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics Part 6. Structural Biology. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Cameron, D. D., & Bolin, J. F. 2010. Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in the Gentianaceae: Bartonia virginica and Obolaria virginica as case studies. American J. Bot. 97: 1272-1277.

Cameron, D. D. [et al. 2005], Hwangbo, J.-K., Keith, A. M., Geniez, J.-M., Kraushaar, D., Rowntree, J., & Sell, W. E. 2005. Interactions between the hemiparasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor and its hosts: From cell to ecosystem. Folia Geobot. 40: 217-229.

Cameron, D. D. [et al. 2006], Coats, A. M., & Sell, W. E. 2006. Differential resistance among host and non-host species underlies the variable success of the hemi-parasitic plant Rhinanthus minor. Ann. Bot. 98: 1289-1299.

Cameron, D. D. [et al. 2008a], Leake, J. R., & Read, D. J. 2008a. Are orchids parasitic on their mycorrhizas or do they live by carbon credit and repayment? P. 159, in Botany 2008. Botany without Borders. [Botanical Society of America, etc. Abstracts.]

Cameron, D. D. [et al. 2008b], Johnson, I., Read, D. J., & Leake, J. R. 2008b. Giving and receiving: Measuring the carbon cost of mycorrhizas in the green orchid Goodyera repans. New Phytol. 180: 176-184.

Cameron, D. D., & Phoenix, G. K. 2013. Ecology of hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae with special reference to their interaction with plant communities. Pp. 287-305, in Joel, D. M., Gressel, J., & Musselman, L. J. (eds), Parasitic Orobanchaceae Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies. Springer, Berlin.

Cameron, E. K. [et al. 2018], Martins, I. S., Lavelle, P., Mathieu, J., Tedersoo, L., Gottschall, F., Guerra, C. A., Hines, J., Patoine, G., Siebert, J., Winter, M., Cesarz, S., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Ferlian, O., Fierer, N., Kreft, H., Lovejoy, T. E., Montanarella, L., Orgiazzi, A., Pereira, H. N., Phillips, H. R. P., Settele, J., Wall, D. H., & Eisenhauer, N. 2018. Global gaps in soil biodiversity data. Nature Ecol. Evol. 2: 1042-1043.

Cameron, E. K. [et al. 2019], Martins, I. S., Lavelle, P., Mathieu, J., Tedersoo, L., Bahram, N., & Siebert, J. 2019. Global mismatches in aboveground and belowground biodiversity. Conserv. Biol. 33: 1187-1192.

Cameron, K. M. 2001. On the phylogenetic position of the New Caledonian endemic families Strasburgeriaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Paracryphiaceae: A comparison of molecules and wood anatomy. P. 17, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Cameron, K. M. 2002. Intertribal relationships within Orchidaceae as inferred from analyses of five plastid genes. P. 116, in Botany 2002: Botany in the Curriculum, Abstracts. [Madison, Wisconsin.]

Cameron, K. M. 2003. On the phylogenetic position of the New Caledonian endemic families Paracryphiaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Strasburgeriaceae: A comparison of molecules and morphology. Bot. Review 68: 428-443.

Cameron, K. M. 2004. Utility of plastid psaB gene sequences for investigating intrafmilial relationships within Orchidaceae. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 31: 1157-1180.

Cameron, K. M. 2005a. Leave it to the leaves: A molecular phylogenetic study of Malaxidae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae). American J. Bot. 92: 1025-1032.

Cameron, K. M. 2005b. Molecular systematics of Orchidaceae: A literature review and an example using five plastid genes. Pp. 80-96, in Nair, H., & Arditti, J. (eds), Proceedings of the 17th World Orchid Conference: "Sustaining Orchids for the Future". Kota Kinabalu, Natural History Publications, Borneo.

Cameron, K. M. 2006. A comparison and combination of plastid atpB and rubcL gene sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships within Orchidaceae. Pp. 447-464, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 447-464.]

Cameron, K. M. 2007. Molecular phylogenetics of Orchidaceae: First decade of DNA sequencing. Pp. 163-200, in Cameron, K. M., Arditti, J., & Kull, T. (eds), Orchid Biology. Reviews and Perspectives, IX. New York Botanical Garden, New York. [Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 95.]

Cameron, K. M. 2009. On the value of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences for reconstructing the phylogeny of vanilloid orchids. Ann. Bot. 104: 377-385.

Cameron, K. M., & Chase, M. W. 1998. Seed morphology of vanilloid orchids (Vanilloideae: Orchidaceae). Lindleyana 13: 148-169.

Cameron, K. M., & Chase, M. W. 2000. Nuclear 18S rDNA sequences of Orchidaceae confirm the subfamilial status and circumscription of Vanilloideae. Pp. 457-464, in Wilson, K. L., & Morrison, D. A. (eds), Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO, Collingwood.

Cameron, K. M., & Dickison, W. C. 1998. Foliar architecture of vanilloid orchids: Insights into the evolution of reticulate leaf venation in monocots. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 128: 45-70.

Cameron, K. M., & Fu, C. 2006. A nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Smilax (Smilacaceae). Pp. 598-605, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 598-605.]

Cameron, K. M., & Molina, M. C. 2006. Photosystem II gene sequences of psbB and psbC clarify the phylogenetic position of Vanilla (Orchidaceae). Cladistics 22: 239-248.

Cameron, K. M., & van den Berg, C. 2017. Pogoniopsis is an epidendroid orchid that has been misclassified in subfamily Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae). Pp. 69-78, in Campbell, L. M., Davis, J. I., Meerow, A. W., Naczi, R. F. C., Stevenson, D. M., & Thomas, W. W. (eds), Diversity and Phylogeny of the Monocotyledons. Contributions from Monocots V. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. [Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 118.]

Cameron, K. M. [et al. 1999], Molina, M. C., Whitten, W. M., Kores, P. J., Jarrell, D. C., Albert, V. A., Yukawa, T., Hills, H. G., & Goldman, D. H. 1999. A phylogenetic analysis of the Orchidaceae: Evidence from rbcL nucleotide sequences. American J. Bot. 86: 208-224.

Cameron, K. M. [et al. 2001], Molina, M. C., Anderson, W. R., & Hills, H. G. 2001. Molecular systematics of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from plastid rbcL and matK sequences. American J. Bot. 88: 1847-1862.

Cameron, K. M. [et al. 2002], Wurdack, K. J., & Jobson, R. W. 2002. Molecular evidence for the common origin of snap-traps among carnivorous plants. American J. Bot. 89: 1503-1509.

Cameron, K. M. [et al. 2003], Chase, M. W., & Rudall, P. J. 2003. Recircumscription of the monocotyledonous family Petrosaviaceae to include Japonolirion. Brittonia 55: 214-225.

Cameron, R. G., & Wyatt, R. 1986. Substrate restriction in entomophilous Splachnaceae: Role of spore dispersal. The Bryologist 89: 279-284.

Cameron, S. A. 2004. Phylogeny and biology of Neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini). Ann. Review Entomol. 49: 377-404.

Cameron, S. A. [et al. 2007], Hines, H. M., & Williams, P. H. 2007. A comprehensive phylogeny of bumblebees (Bombus). Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 91: 161-188.

Camill, P. [et al. 2001], Lynch, J. A., Clark, J. S., Adams, J. B., & Jordan, B. 2001. Changes in biomass, aboveground net primary production, and peat accumulation following permafrost thaw in the boreal peatlands of Manitoba, Canada. Ecosystems 4: 461-478.

Cammarata, J. [et al. 2022], Farfan, C. M., Scanlon, M., & Roeder, A. 2022. Cytokinin–CLAVATA cross-talk is an ancient mechanism regulating shoot meristem homeostasis in land plants. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 119(14):e2116860119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116860119

Cammerloher, H. 1920. Der Spaltöffnungsapparat von Brugmansia und Rafflesia. Österreichische Bot. Zeitschr. 69: 153-164, Taf. III.

Camp, W. H. 1947. Distribution patterns in modern plants and the problems of ancient dispersals. Ecol. Monogr. 17: 160-183.

Campagna, M. L., & Downie, S. R. 1998. The intron in chloroplast gene rpl16 is missing from the flowering plant families Geraniaceae, Goodeniaceae and Plumbaginaceae. Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 9: 1-11.

Campanella, J. J. [et al. 2014], Smalley, J. V., & Dempsey, M. E. 2014. A phylogenetic examination of the primary anthocyanin pathway of the Plantae. Bot. Studies 55:10. http://www.as-botstudies.com/content/55/1/10

Campanella, J. J. [et al. 2018], Kurdach, S., Bochis, J., & Smalley, J. V. 2018. Evidence for exaption of the Marchantia polymorpha M20D peptidase MpILR1 into the tracheophyte auxin regulatory pathway. Plant Physiol. 177: 1595-1604. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00543

Campany, C. E. [et al. 2018], Martin, L., & Watkins, J. E. Jr 2019 [= 2018]. Convergence of ecophysiological traits drives composition of early lineage vascular plants in a tropical forest floor. Ann. Bot. 123: 793-803.

Campbell, B. (ed.). 1996. The Miombo in Transition. Center for International Forestry Reseaerch, Bogor.

Campbell, B. [et al. 1996], Frost, P., & Byron, N. 1996. Miombo woodlands and their use: Overview and key issues. Pp. 1-10, in Campbell, B. (ed.), The Miombo in Transition. Center for International Forestry Reseaerch, Bogor.

Campbell, C. S., & Kellogg, E. A. 1996. Sister group relationships of Poaceae. Pp. 217-224, in Soderstrom, T. R., Hilu, K. W., Campbell, C. S., & Barkworth, M. E. (eds), Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

Campbell, C. S. [et al. 1983], Quinn, J. A., Cheplick, G. P., & Bell, T. J. 1983. Cleistogamy in grasses. Annual Review Ecol. Syst. 14: 411-441.

Campbell, C. S. [et al. 2007], Evans, R. C., Morgan, D. R., Dickinson, T. A., & Arsenault, M. P. 2007. Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history. Plant Syst. Evol. 266: 119-145.

Campbell, D. H. 1898. Development of flower and embryo of Lilaea subulata, H. B. K.. Ann. Bot. 12: 1-28.

Campbell, D. H. 1900. Studies on the Araceae. Ann. Bot. 14: 1-25, pl. 1-3.

Campbell, D. H. 1901. Notes on the structure of the embryosack in Sparganium and Lysichiton. Bot. Gaz. 27: 153-166, pl. 1.

Campbell, D. H. 1903. Studies on the Araceae. The embryo-sac and embryo of Aglaonema and Spathicarpa. Ann. Bot. 17: 665-687, pl. 30-32.

Campbell, D. H. 1905. Studies on the Araceae. III. Ann. Bot. 19: 329-349, pl. 14-17.

Campbell, H. [et al. 2015], Fellowes, M. D. E., & Cook, J. M. 2015. The curious case of the camelthorn: Competition, coexistence, and nest-site limitation in a multispecies mutualism. American Naturalist 186: E172-E181.

Campbell, L. M. 2004. Anatomy and Systematics of Xyridaceae, with special reference to Aratitiyopea Steyerm. & P. E. Berry. Ph. D. Thesis, The City University of New York.

Campbell, L. M. 2008 onwards. The Xyridaceae Pages - An Electronic Monograph.

Campbell, L. M. 2010. Four new species of Isidrogalvia (Tofieldiaceae) from the Guayana highlands. Harvard Pap. Bot. 15: 51-62.

Campbell, L. M. 2012. Pollen morphology of Xyridaceae (Poales) and its systematic potential. Bot. Review 78: 428-439.

Campbell, L. M., & Dorr, L. J. 2013. A synopsis of Harperocallis (Tofieldiaceae, Alismatales) with ten new combinations. PhytoKeys 21: 37-52. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.21.4859

Campbell, L. M., & Stevenson, D. W. 2008 [= 2007]. Inflorescence architecture and floral morphology in Aratitiyopea lopezii (Xyridaceae). Pp. 227-233, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 23: 227-233. 2007.]

Campbell, L. M. [et al. 2001], Stevenson, D. W., Davis, J. I., & Hardy, C. R. 2001. Alternative hypotheses for the systematic placement of Mayaca. P. 104, in Botany 2001: Plants and People, Abstracts. [Albuquerque.]

Campbell, M. J. [et al. 2018], Edwards, W., Magrach, A., Alamgir, M., Porolak, G., Mohandass, D., & Laurance, W. F. 2018. Edge disturbance drives liana abundance increase and alteration of liana-host tree interactions in tropical forest fragments. Ecol. Evol. 8: 4237-4251.

Campos, G. R. [et al. 2021], Carneiro, R. G. da S., Ferreira, H. D., Bortolini, J. C., & de Moraes, M. G. 2021. Non-structural carbohydrtaes stored in belowground organs point to the diversity in Amaranthaceae. Flora 276-277:151774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151774

Campos-Domínguez, L. 2020. A study on the evolution of genome dynamics across the mega-diverse genus Begonia L. (Begoniaceae). Ph. D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Campos-Rocha, A. [et al. 2022], Meerow, A. W., Machado, R. M., Mayer, J. L. S., da Mota, R. C., Fontana, A. P., Ribeiro, O. B. C., García, N. B., & Dutilh, J. H. A. 2022. Out of the mud: Two new species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins, Brazil. Plant Syst. Evol. 308:22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3

Can, M. [et al. 2020], Wei, W., Bai, M., Liu, Y., Gao, D., Tu, D., Bao, Y., Wang, L., Chen, S., Zhao, Z., & Qu, G. 2020. Genome sequence of Kobresia littledalei, the first chromosome-level genome in the family Cyperaceae. Sci. Data 7:175. https://www.nture.com/articles/s41597-020-0518-3

Canal, D. [et al. 2018], Köster, N., Jones, K. E., Korotkova, N., Croat, T. B., & Borsch, T. 2018. Phylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): Acclerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes. American J. Bot. 105: 1035-1052.

Canal, D. [et al. 2019], Köster, N., Celis, M., Croat, T. B., Borsch, T., & Jones, K. E. 2019. Out of Amazonia and back again: Historical biogeography of the species-rich Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 104: 49-68.

Candan, F., & Özhatay, N. 2013. Crocus chrysanthus s. lato (Iridaceae) in Turkey. Acta Bot. Fennici 50: 423-430.

Cândido, E. S. [et al. 2020], Vatanparast, M., de Vargas, W., Bezerra, L. M. P. A., Lewis, G. P., Mansano, V. F., Simõs, A. O., Silva, M. J., Stirton, C., Tozzi, A. M. G. A., & Fortuna-Perez, A. P. 2020. Molecular phylogenetic insights into the evolution of Eriosema (Fabaceae): A recent tropical savanna-adapted genus. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 194: 439-459.

Cane, J. H. [et al. 1985], Eickwort, G. C., Wesley, F. R., & Spielholz, J. 1985. Pollination ecology of Vaccinium stamineum (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae). American J. Bot. 72: 135-142.

Canevazzi, N. C. de S., & Noll, F. B. 2015. Cladistic analysis of self-grooming indicates a single origin of eusociality in corbiculate bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Cladistics 31: 126-141.

Canne-Hilliker, J. M. 1987. Patterns of floral development in Agalinis and allies (Scrophulariaceae). II. Floral development of Agalinis densiflora. American J. Bot. 74: 1419-1430.

Cannon, C. H. 2019. Major Asian lineages of the family Fagaceae. Internat. Oaks 30: 69-76.

Cannon, C. H., & Manos, P. S. 2001. Combining and comparing morphometric shape descriptors with a molecular phylogeny: The case of fruit type evolution in Bornean Lithocarpus (Fagaceae). Syst. Biol. 50: 860-880.

Cannon, C. H., & Petit, R. J. 2020 [= 2019]. The oak syngameon: More than the sum of its parts. New Phytol. 226: 978-983.

Cannon, M. J., & Cannon, J. F. M. 1984. A revision of the Morinaceae (Magnoliophyta - Dipsacales). Bull. British Mus. (Natural Hist.), Bot. Ser. 12(1): 1-35.

Cannon, S. B. [et al. 2010], Ilut, D., Farmer, A. D., Maki, S. L., May, G. D., Singer, S. R., & Doyle, J. J. 2010. Polyploidy did not predate the evolution of nodulation in all legumes. PLoS ONE 5(7):e11630.

Cannon, S. B. [et al. 2014], McKain, M. R., Harkess, A., Nelson, M. N., Dash, S., Deyholos, M. K., Peng, Y., Joyce, B., Stewart, C. N. Jr, Rolf, M., Kutchan, T., Tan, X., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Carpenter, E., Wong, G. K.-S., Doyle, J. J., & Leebens-Mack, J. 2015 [= 2014]. Multiple polyploidy events in the early radiation of nodulating and non-nodulating legumes. Molec. Biol. Evol. 32: 193-210.

Cannon, W. A. 1949. A tentative classification of root systems. Ecology 30: 542-548.

Cano, Á. [et al. 2018], Bacon, C. D., Stauffer, F. W., Antonelli, A., Serrano-Serrano, M. L., & Perret, M. 2018. The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean. J. Biogeog. 45: 1432- 1443. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13225

Cano, F. J. [et al. 2019], Sharwood, R. E., Cousins, A. B., & Ghannoum, O. 2019. The role of leaf width and conductances to CO₂ in determining water use efficiency in C₄ grasses. New Phytol. 223: 1280-1295.

Cano, L. M. [et al. 2013], Raffaele, S., Haugen, R. H., Saunders, D. G. O., Leonelli, L., MacLean, D., Hogenhout, S. A., & Kamoun, S. 2013. Major transcriptome reprogramming underlies floral mimicry induced by the rust fungus Puccinia monoica in Boechera stricta. PLoS ONE 8(9):e75293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075293

Cano, M. J., & Ronse De Craene, L. 2024 [= 2023]. Evolution of the nfloral nectaries in the Primulaceae sensus lato [sic] (Ericales). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 204: 212-229.

Canright, J. E. 1952. The comparative morphology and relationships of the Magnoliaceae. I. Trends of specialization in the stamens. American J. Bot. 39: 484-497.

Cantalapiedra, J. L. [et al. 2014], FitzJohn, R. G., Kuhn, T. S., Fernández, M. H., DeMiguel, D., Azanza, B., Morales, J., & Mooers, A. Ø. 2014. Dietary innovations spurred the diversification of ruminants during the Caenozoic. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 281:20132746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2746

Cantalapiedra, J. L. [et al. 2017], Prado, J. L., Hernández-Fernández, M., & Alberdi, M. T. 2017. Decoupled ecomorphological evolution and diversification in Neogene-Quaternary horses. Science 355: 627-630.

Cantino, P. D. 1990. The phylogenetic significance of stomata and trichomes in the Labiatae and Verbenaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 323-370.

Cantino, P. D. 1992a. Evidence for a polyphyletic origin of the Labiatae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 361-379.

Cantino, P. D. 1992b. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Labiatae. Pp. 27-32, in Harley, R. M., & Reynolds, T. (eds), Advances in Labiate Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Cantino, P. D. 2004. Phrymaceae. Pp. 323-326, in Kadereit, J. (ed)., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VII. Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Cantino, P. D., & Abu-Asab, M. S. 1993. A new look at the enigmatic genus Wenchengia (Labiatae). Taxon 42: 339-344.

Cantino, P. D., & de Queiroz, K. 2006. PhyloCode: A Phylogenetic Code of Biological Nomenclature. [http://www.ohio.edu.phylocode].

Cantino, P. D., & Sanders, R. W. 1986. Subfamilial classification of Labiatae. Syst. Bot. 11: 163-185.

Cantino, P. D. [et al. 1992], Harley, R. M., and Wagstaff, S. J. 1992. Genera of the Labiatae, status and classification. Pp. 511-522, in Harley, R. M., & Reynolds, T. (eds), Advances in Labiate Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Cantino, P. D. [et al. 2007], Doyle, J. A., Graham, S. W., Judd, W. S., Olmstead, R. G., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., & Donoghue, M. J. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56: 822-846.

Cantley, J. T., & Keeley, S. 2012. Repeated dispersals of Coprosma (Rubiaceae) out of New Zealand indicate an under recognized source of colonists to other Pacific islands. P. 269, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Cantley, J. T. [et al. 2014], Swenson, N. G., Markey, A. S., & Keeley, S. C. 2014. Biogeographic insights on Pacific Coprosma (Rubiaceae) indicate two colonizations to the Hawaiian islands. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 174: 412-424.

Cantley, J. T. [et al. 2016], Markey, A. S., Swenson, N. G., & Keeley, S. C. 2016. Biogeography and evolutionary diversification in one of the most widely distributed and species rich genera of the Pacific. AoB Plants 8:plw043. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plwo43

Cantrill, D. J. 2018. Cretaceous to Paleogene vegetation transition in Antarctica. Pp. 645-659, in Krings, M., Harper, C. J., Cúneo, N. R., & Rothwell, G. W. (eds), Transformative Paleobotany: Papers to Commemorate the Life and Legacy of Thomas N. Taylor. Academic Press, London.

Cantrill, D. J., & Poole, I. 2005a. Taxonomic turnover and abundance in Cretaceous to Tertiary wood floras of Antarctica: Implications for changes in forest ecology. Palaeogeog. Palaeoecol. Palaeoclim. 215: 205-219.

Cantrill, D. J., & Poole, I. 2005b. Floristic changes in the Cretaceous to Cenozoic vegetation of Antarctica. P. 114, in Vienna. XVII International Botanical Congress. Abstracts.

Cantrill, D. J., & Poole, I. 2012. The Vegetation of Antarctica Through Geological Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Cantrill, D. J., & Raine, J. I. 2006. Wairarapaia mildenhallii gen. et sp. nov., a new araucarian cone related to Wollemia from the Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of New Zealand. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 167: 1259-1269.

Cantrill, D. J. [et al. 2013], Wagstaff, B. E., Bamford, M. K., & Sauquet, H. 2013. Early Eocene fossil plants from the Mwadui kimberlite pipe, Tanzania. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 196: 19-35.

Canyon, D. V., & Hill, C. J. 1997. Mistletoe host-resemblance: A atudy of herbivory, nitrogen and moisture in two Australian mistletoes and their host trees. Austral Ecol. 22: 395-403.

Cao, D.-L. [et al. 2022], Zhang, X.-J., Qu, X.-J., & Fan S.-J. 2022. Plastid phylogenomics sheds light on divergence time and ecological adaptations of the tribe Persicarieae (Polygonaceae). Front. Plant Sci. 13:1046253. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046253

Cao, J. [et al. 2024], Wang, H., Cao, Y., Kan, S., Li, J., & Liu, Y. 2024. Extreme reconfiguration of plastid genomes in Papaveraceae: Rearrangements, gene loss, pseudogenization, IR expansion, and repeats. Internat. J. Molec. Sci. 25:2278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042278

Cao, K.-F. [et al. 2012], Yang, S.-J., Zhang, Y.-J., & Brodribb, T. J. 2012. The maximum height of grasses is determined by roots. Ecol. Letters 15: 666-672. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01783.x.

Cao, L. M., & Xia, N. H. 2008. Structural characters of leaf epidermis and their systematic significance in Sapindaceae from China. Acta Bot. Yunnanica 30: 405-421. [In Chinese.]

Cao, L.-M., & Xia, N.-H. 2009. Floral organogenesis of Delavaya toxocarpa (Sapindaceae, Sapindales). J. Syst. Evol. 47: 237-244.

Cao, L. M. [et al. 2008], Xia, N. H., & Deng, Y. F. 2008. Embryology of Handeliodendron bodinieri (Sapindaceae) and its systematic value: Development of male and female gametophytes. Plant Syst. Evol. 274: 17-23.

Cao, L.-M. [et al. 2017], Ronse de Craene, L. P., Wang, Z.-X., & Wang, Y.-H. 2017. The floral organogenesis of Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (Sapindaceae) and its systematic implications. Phytotaxa 297: 234-244.

Cao, L. [et al. 2018], Liu, J., Lin, Q., & Ronse De Craene, L. P. 2018. The floral organogenesis of Koelreuteria bipinnata and its variety K. bipinnata var. integrifolia (Sapindaceae): Evidence of floral constraints on the evolution of monosymmetry. Plant Syst. Evol. 304: 923-935.

Cao, L. [et al. 2019], Newman, M. F., Kirchoff, B. K., & Ronse de Craene, L. P. 2019. Developmental evidence helps resolve the evolutionary origins of anther appendages in Globba (Zingiberaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 189: 63-82.

Cao, X. H., & Vu, G. T. H. 2002. Cytogenetics, epigenetics and karyotype evolution of duckweeds. Pp. 47-57, in Cao, X. H., Fourounjian, P., & Wang, W. (eds), The Duckweed Genomes. Springer Nature, Switzerland.

Cao, X. H. [et al. 2020], Fourounjian, P., & Wang, W. (eds). 2020. The Duckweed Genomes. Springer Nature, Switzerland.

Cao, Y.-L. [et al. 2021], Li, Y.-L., Fan, Y.-F., Li, Z., Yoshida, K., Wang, J.-Y., Ma, X.-K., Wang, N., Mitsuda, N., Kotake, T., Ishimizu, T., Tsai, K.-C., Niu, S.-C., Zhang, D., Sun, W.-H., Luo, Q., Zhao, J.-H., Yin, Y., Zhang, B., Wang, J.-Y., Qin, K., An, W., He, J., Dai, G.-L., Wang, Y.-J., Shi, Z.-G., Jiao, E.-N., Wu, P.-J., Liu, X., Liu, B., Liao, X.-Y., Jiang, Y.-T., Yu, X., Hao, Y., Xu, X.-Y., Zou, S.-Q., Li, M.-H., Hsiao, Y.-Y., Lin, Y.-F., Liang, C.-K., Chen, Y.-Y., Wu, W.-L., Lu, H.-C., Lan, S.-R., Wang, Z.-W., Zhao, X., Zhong, W.-Y., Yeh, C.-M., Tsai, W.-C., Van de Peer, Y., & Liu, Z.-J. 2021. Wolfberry genomes and the evolution of Lycium (Solanaceae). Communic. Biol. 4:671. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02152-8

Caperta, A. D. [et al. 2018], Conceição, S. I. R., Róis, A. S., Loureiro, J., & Castro, S. 2018. Cytogenetic features of sexual and asexual Limonium taxa (Plumbaginaceae). Taxon 67: 1143-1152.

Caperta, A. D. [et al. 2020], Róis, A. S., Teixeira, G., Garcia-Caparros, P., & Flowers, T. J. 2020. Secretory structures in plants: Lessons from the Plumbaginaceae on their origin, evolution and roles in stress tolerance. Plant Cell Environ. 43: 2912-2931

Capitani, D. [et al. 2009], Brilli, F., Mannina, L., Proietti, N., & Loreto, F. 2009. In situ investigation of leaf water status by portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance. Plant Physiol. 149: 1638-1647. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.128884

Capó-Bauçà, S. [et al. 2020], Font-Carrascosa, M., Ribas-Carbó, M., Pavlovic, A., & Galmés, J. 2020. Biochemical and mesophyll diffusional limits to photosynthesis are determined by prey and root nutrient uptake in the carnivorous pitcher plant, Nepenthes x ventrata. Ann. Bot.: 126: 25-37. See also Thorogood, C., & Bauer, U. 2020. Shedding light on photosynthesis in carnivorous plants: A commentary on 'Nepenthes x ventrata photosynthesis under different nutrient applications.' Ann. Bot. 126: doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa092

Capó-Bauçà, S. [et al. 2022], Iñiguez, C. Aguiló-Nicolau, & Galmés, J. 2022. Correlative adaptation between Rubisco and CO₂-concentrating mechanisms in seagrasses. Nature Plants 8: 706-716.

Cappa, J. J., & Pilon-Smits, E. A. H. 2014. Evolutionary aspects of elemental hyperaccumulation. Planta 239: 267-275.

Cappa, J. J. [et al. 2014a], Cappa, P. J., el Mehdawi, A. F., MaAleer, J. M., Simmons, M. P., & Pilon-Smits, E. A. H. 2014a. Characterization of selenium and sulfur accumulation across the genus Stanleya (Brassicaceae): A field survey and common-garden experiment. American J. Bot. 101: 830-839.

Cappa, J. J. [et al. 2014b], Yetter, C., Fakra, S., Cappa, P. J., DeTar, R., Landes, C., Pilon-Smits, E. A. H., & Simmons, M. P. 2015 [= 2014b]. Evolution of selenium hyperaccumulation in Stanleya (Brassicaceae) as inferred from phylogeny, physiology and X-ray microprobe analysis. New Phytol. 205: 583-595. doi: 10.1111/nph.13071

Cappellari, S. C. [et al. 2013], Schaefer, H., & Davis, C. C. 2013. Evolution: Pollen or pollinators - which came first? Curr. Biol. 23: 316-318.

Capucho, L. C., & Teixeira, S. P. 2013. Tapetal and parenchymatic anther tissues participate in polyad adhesive production in Calliandra brevipes (Leguminosae). South African J. Bot. 89: 227-233.

Capucho, L. C., & Teixeira, S. P. 2020. Ontogeny reflects the structural diversity of polyads in legumes. Pp. 207-230, in Demarco, D. (ed.), Plant Ontogeny Studies, Analyses and Evolutionary Implications. Nova, New York.

Capuron, R. 1962. Révision des Rhopalocarpées. Adansonia N.S. 2: 228-267.

Capus, G. 1878. Anatomie du tissu conducteur. Ann. Sci. Naturelles Bot. Sér 6, 7: 209-291, pl. 18-24.

Caputo, P. [et al. 1988], Nazzaro, R., & Sabato, S. 1988. Observation on seeds in the Cycadales. Delpinoa 27/28: 29-36, pl. 1-7.

Caputo, P. [et al. 2004b], Cozzolino, S., De Luca, P., Moretti, A., & Stevenson, D. W. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Zamia (Zamiaceae). Pp. 149-157, in Walters, T. & Osborne, R. (eds), Cycad Classification: Concepts & Recommendations. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA.

Caputo, P. [et al. 2004a], Cozzolino, S., & Moretti, A. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics of Dipsacales reveals parallel trends in seed dispersal syndromes. Plant Syst. Evol. 246: 163-175.

Caraco, N. [et al. 2006], Cole, J., Findlay, S., & Wigand, C. 2006. Vascular plants as engineers of oxygen in aquatic systems. BioScience 56: 219-225.

Carafa, A. [et al. 2003], Duckett, J. G., & Ligrone, R. 2003. The placenta of Monoclea forsteri Hook. and Treubia lacunosa (Col.) Prosk: Insights into placental evolution in liverworts. Ann. Bot. 92: 299-307.

Carafa, A. [et al. 2005], Duckett, J. G., Knox, J. P., & Ligrone, R. 2005. Distribution of cell-wall xylans in bryophytes and tracheophytes: New insights into basal interrelationships of land plants. New Phytol. 168: 231-240.

Carafa, A. M. [et al. 1996], Ponzi, R., & Pizzolongo, F. 1996. Some aspects of microsporogenesis of Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. Giorn. Bot. Italiano 130: 557-565.

Carbonell-Cabellera, J. [et al. 2015], Alonso, R., Ibañez, V., Terol, J., Talon, M., & Dopazo, J. 2015. A phylogenetic analysis of 34 chloroplast genomes elucidated the relationships between wild and domestic species within the genus Citrus. Molec. Biol. Evol. 32: 2015-2035.

Card, S. D. [et al. 2014], Faville, M. J., Simpson, W. R., Johnson, R. D., Voisey, C. R., de Bonth, A. C. M., & Hume, D. E. 2013. Mutualistic fungal endophytes in the Triticeae - survey and description. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 88: 94-106.

Cárdenas, G. G., & Lehtonen, S. 2023. The third opinion on fern phylogenetics with novel insights into their mitogenome evolution. Phytotaxa 625: 227-247.

Carder, A. 1995. Forest Giants of the World: Past and Present. Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Ontario.

Cardiel, J. M. [et al. 2020], Montero-Muñoz, I., Ortúñez, E., Dorda, E., & Sancho García, I. 2020. Epidermal crystals in Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) as a new taxonomic trait of the genus. Plant Syst. Evol. 306:83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01711-6

Cardillo, M., & Pratt, R. 2013. Evolution of a hotspot genus: Geographic variation in speciation and extinction rates in Banksia (Proteaceae). BMC Evol. Biol. 13:155. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-155.

Cardillo, M. [et al. 2017], Weston, P. H., Reynolds, Z. K. M., Olde, P. M., Mast, A. R., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., & Bromham, Ls00606. 2017. The phylogeny and biogeography of Hakea (Proteaceae) reveals the role of biome shifts in a continental plant radiation. Evolution 71: 1928-1943.

Cardinal, S. 2018. Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) diversity through time. Pp. 851-867, in Foottit, R. G., & Adler, P. H. (eds), Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Vol. 2. Wiley, Blackwell.

Cardinal, S., & Danforth, B. N. 2011. The antiquity and evolutionary history of social behavior in bees. PLoS ONE 6(6):e21086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone/0021986.

Cardinal, S., & Danforth, B. N. 2013. Bees diversified in the age of eudicots. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 280:20122686. doi: 10:1098/rspb2012.2686

Cardinal, S. [et al. 2010], Straka, J., & Danforth, B. N. 2010. Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of kleptoparasitism. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 107: 16207-16211.

Cardinal, S. [et al. 2018], Buchmann, S. L., & Russell, A. L. 2018. The evolution of floral sonication, a pollen foraging behavior used by bees (Anthophila). Evolution 72: 590-600.

Cardinal-McTeague, W. M., & Gillespie, L. J. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and pollen evolution of Euphorbiaceae tribe Plukenetieae. Syst. Bot. 41: 329-347.

Cardinal-McTeague, W. M. [et al. 2016], Sytsma, K. J., & Hall, J. C. 2016. Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: A 103 million year tale. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 99: 204-224.

Cardona-Correa, C. [et al. 2016], Piotrowski, M. J., Knack, J. J., Kodner, R. E., Geary, D. H., & Graham, L. E. 2016. Peat moss-like vegetative remains from Ordovician carbonates. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 177: 523-538.

Cardoso, C. M. V. [et al. 2009], Proença, S. L., & Sajo, M. G. 2009. Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae). Australian J. Bot. 57: 148-161.

Cardoso, D. [et al. 2012a], de Lima, H. C., Rodrigues, R. S., de Queiroz, L. P., Pennington, R. T., & Lavin, M. 2012a. The realignment of Acosmium sensu stricto with the Dalbergioid clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) reveals a proneness for independent evolution of radial floral symmetry among early-branching papilionoid legumes. Taxon 61: 1057-1073.

Cardoso, D. [et al. 2012b], de Lima, H. C., Rodrigues, R. S., de Queiroz, L. P., Pennington, R. T., & Lavin, M. 2012b. The Bowdichia clade of genistoid legumes: Phylogenetic analysis of combined molecular and morphological data and a recircumscription of Diplotropis. Taxon 61: 1074-1087.

Cardoso, D. [et al. 2012c], de Queiroz, L. P., Pennington, R. T., de Lima, H. C., Fonty, É., Wojciechowski, M. F., & Lavin, M. 2012. Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: New insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages. American J. Bot. 99: 1991-2013.